RESUMO
Abstract Background: Distal segment atresia (isthmus) is an extremely rare anatomical variant of obstructive aortic arch anomalies. Case report: We present the case of a newborn who, at 48 hours of life, presented a clinical picture of heart failure. The initial echocardiogram showed a congenital interrupted aortic arch type A, patent ductus arteriosus, and ventricular septal defect. Prostaglandins were initially indicated. Subsequently, a second echocardiogram showed the absence of ductus arteriosus; the CT angiography study confirmed this finding and revealed blood flow to the descending aorta through small intercostal blood vessels. The possibility of atresia of the distal segment (isthmus) of the aortic arch was considered and confirmed at the time of surgery. Conclusions: Aortic atresia should be considered a diagnostic possibility in the presence of type A interrupted aortic arch since the hemodynamic behavior between them is similar. Surgical medical treatment should be individualized since this condition is frequently an emergency in the neonatal period. However, this is not always the case, as other cases have been reported in schoolchildren and adults.
Resumen Introducción: La atresia de segmento distal (istmo) de arco aórtico es una variante anatómica extremadamente rara de las anomalías obstructivas del arco aórtico. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de un recién nacido que a las 48 horas de vida presentó un cuadro clínico de insuficiencia cardiaca. El estudio de ecocardiograma inicial mostró una anomalía congénita de interrupción de arco aórtico tipo A, conducto arterioso y comunicación interventricular. De inicio se indicaron prostaglandinas. Posteriormente, el segundo ecocardiograma mostró la ausencia del conducto arterioso; el estudio de angiotomografía confirmó este hallazgo y también reveló flujo sanguíneo hacia aorta descendente a través de pequeños vasos sanguíneos intercostales. Se consideró la posibilidad de atresia del segmento distal (istmo) de arco aórtico y se confirmó al momento del acto quirúrgico. Conclusiones: La atresia aórtica debe ser considerada como posibilidad diagnóstica en presencia de interrupción de arco aórtico tipo A, ya que el comportamiento hemodinámico entre ellos es similar. El tratamiento médico quirúrgico debe individualizarse, ya que es frecuente que sea una urgencia en el periodo neonatal. Sin embargo, no sucede así siempre, ya que se han reportado casos en escolares y adultos.
RESUMO
Estudar a síndrome de hipoplasia do coraçäo esquerdo (SHCE), enfatizando aspectos clínicos e conduta terapêutica. Quarenta pacientes, 24 do sexo masculino, com idades entre um e 120 (média seis) dias. O diagnóstico foi baseado no quadro clínico, eletrocardiograma. Oito pacientes foram submetidos a caterismo cardíaco. Em 21 casos houve confirmaçäo por estudo necroscópico. Vinte e dois (55%) pacientes evoluiram para o óbito apesar das medidas clínicas instituídas. Em 16 (40%) realizou-se cirurgia paliativa, técnica de Norwood em 14 e bandagem do tronco pulmonar com interposiçäo de tubo de dacron entre este e o tronco braquiocefálico em dois. Dos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de Norwood, três tiveram resultados imediatos favoráveis. Os pacientes submetidos ao outro procedimento citado, faleceram nos 12§ e 30§ dias de pós-operatório, em conseqüência de infecçäo. A SHCE é cardiopatia grave, com insuficiência cardíaca de manifestaçäo precoce (geralmente na primeira semana de vida) e de evoluçäo inexorável para o óbito quando se utilizam apenas as medidas clínicas habituais. O sucesso das técnicas cirúrgicas paliativas depende basicamente do diagnóstico precoce e do manuseio clínico adequado
Purpose: To study the hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) emphasizing clinical aspects and therapeutic measures. Patients and Methods: Forty patients, 24 male, ages ranging between one to 120 days (mean six days). Diagnosis was established by clinical elements, eletrocardiogram, chest X-ray and Doppler echocardiogram. Eight patients underwent cardiac catheterization. In 21 patients anatomical diagnosis was confirmed by necropsy. Results: Twenty-two patients (55%) died, in spite of all possible clinical measures. In 16 (40% ) palliative surgery was performed, Norwood technique in 14 and pulmonary artery banding with Dacron graft interposition between pulmonary trunk and brachiocephalic trunk in two. Immediate postoperative results were favorable in three patients (Norwood technique). Both patients underwent the other described technique died at 12th and 30th postoperative day due to infection. Conclusion: HLHS is a severe cardiac anomaly with a fast downhill evolution mostly at first week of life. The good results depend basically of early diagnosis as well as of an adequate clinical management for an appropriate time in indication of the palliative surgical technique.