Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 5 de 5
Filtrar
Adicionar filtros








Intervalo de ano
1.
Agora USB ; 23(1)jun. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533560

RESUMO

Las representaciones sociales en torno a los hechos históricos del conflicto armado, están marcada por un sesgo cognitivo y mnémico, acompañado de olvidos y silencios y por procesos de atribución de responsabilidad en los que se asume como principal responsable y enemigo absoluto a las guerrillas, especialmente a las FARC-EP. Esto invisibiliza la responsabilidad de los otros actores (Paramilitares, Fuerza Pública y Estado), generando olvidos convenientes e inducidos que son funcionales a los intereses de ciertos sectores sociales que ostentan el poder político, económico y mediático, que promueven impunidad y contribuyen al mantenimiento de la violencia política para detentar su poder. Estos procesos de memoria hegemónica se constituyen en barrera psicosocial para la construcción de la paz, la democracia y la reconciliación en Colombia.


Social representations around the historical facts of the armed conflict are marked by a cognitive and mnemic bias, accompanied by forgetfulness and silences, and by processes of attribution of responsibility in which the guerrillas, especially the FARC-EP, are assumed as the main responsible and absolute enemy. This makes the responsibility of the other stakeholders (paramilitaries, security forces, and the State) invisible, by generating a convenient and induced oblivion, which is functional to the interests of certain social sectors that hold political, economic, and media power, which promote impunity and contribute to the maintenance of political violence in order to maintain their power. These hegemonic memory processes constitute a psychosocial barrier to the construction of peace, democracy, and reconciliation in Colombia.

2.
Rev. latinoam. psicol ; 52: 169-175, June 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1180944

RESUMO

Abstract The Cognitive Telephone Screening Instrument (COGTEL) has shown to be a brief, reliable, and valid instrument to assess cognitive functioning in adults in face-to-face procedures as well as over the phone. So far, no psychometric evaluation exists on its use in adolescents. The present study set out to evaluate the psychometric properties of the face-to-face application of the COGTEL in adolescents in the school context and to analyse the association with school grades. We assessed cognitive performance using COGTEL in face-to-face assessments of 170 adolescents, with retests after 6 months for test-retest reliability. Predictive validity was assessed using school grades. Test-retest reliability for the COGTEL was good (ICC = .77; p < .001). The partial correlation controlling for age between COGTEL and school grades was medium and positive (r = .40; p < .001). School grades alone explained 42% and 36% of the variance in the COGTEL total score in elementary and secondary students, respectively. The present study suggests that COGTEL is a reliable and valid instrument to assess cognitive functioning in adolescents, with the advantage of feasibility in multiple contexts.


Resumo O Instrumento de Rastreio Cognitivo por Telefone (COGTEL) tem demostrado ser um instrumento fiável, válido e breve para avaliar o funcionamento cognitivo em adultos, quer por telefone, quer de forma presencial. Até à data, não foram estudadas as suas características psicométricas para uso em adolescentes. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do COGTEL em adolescentes no contexto escolar, através da aplicação presencial, e analisar a associação dos scores com as notas escolares. O desempenho cognitivo foi avaliado em 170 adolescentes, usando o COGTEL em entrevistas presenciais, com um reteste após 6 meses para avaliar a fiabilidade teste-reteste. A validade preditiva foi avaliada com base nas notas escolares. A fiabilidade teste-reteste para o COGTEL foi boa (ICC = 0.77; p < .001). As correlações parciais, controlando pelo efeito da idade, entre o score total do COGTEL e as notas escolares foram moderadas e positivas (r = .40; p < .001). As notas escolares, individualmente, explicaram 42% e 36% da variância total no score total do COGTEL, em alunos do ensino básico e secundário, respetivamente. O presente estudo sugere que o COGTEL é um instrumento fiável e válido para avaliar o funcionamento cognitivo em adolescentes, com a vantagem de ser aplicável em múltiplos contextos.


Assuntos
Inteligência Emocional , Autoimagem , Responsabilidade Social , Adaptação Psicológica , Adolescente , Ensino Fundamental e Médio , Desempenho Acadêmico
3.
Rev. latinoam. psicol ; 52: 160-168, June 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1180943

RESUMO

Resumen Con el objetivo de conocer si los déficits en las destrezas cognitivas son una característica común de los menores infractores y de protección (en riesgo de desviación) y diferencial de la población de menores normalizada, se diseñó un estudio de campo. Para ello, se evaluaron la inteligencia emocional, el afrontamiento, la atribución de responsabilidad y el autoconcepto, a 450 menores colombianos entre 14 y 19 años: 150 menores infractores, 150 menores de protección y 150 de población normalizada. Los resultados mostraron que los menores infractores y los de protección tenían un déficit en atención a las emociones (inteligencia emocional), recurren más a estrategias desadaptativas para la resolución de problemas y comparten una definición negativa de sí mismos, y están menos satisfechos consigo mismos y de su comportamiento. No obstante, no se observa un sesgo hacia la atribución externa de la responsabilidad. Finalmente, se cuantifica porcentualmente la magnitud de los daños en las destrezas cognitivas. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para la intervención con menores infractores y el diseño de programas de prevención con menores de protección.


Abstract A field study was designed with the aim of knowing if deficits in cognitive skills a common characteristic of the juvenile offenders and protection youngsters are i.e., children under social services protection (in risk of deviation), and a differential from normalized population. As for these 450 Colombian youngsters (150 juvenile offenders, 150 protection youngsters, and 150 from the normal population), aged from 14 to 19 years, were assessed in emotional intelligence, coping, responsivity attribution, and self-concept. The results showed that juvenile offenders and youngsters under protection had deficit in attention to the emotions (emotional intelligence), used more maladaptive strategies for problems solving, and shared a negative definition of their selves, were less satisfied with their sleeves and with their behaviour. Nonetheless, the expected bias to external responsivity attribution was not observed. Finally, the magnitude of the damages in cognitive skills was quantified. The implications of the results for the intervention with juvenile offenders and the design and implementation of prevention programs with protection youngsters are discussed.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adolescente , Inteligência Emocional , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Autoimagem , Responsabilidade Social , Adaptação Psicológica
4.
Univ. psychol ; 16(3): 152-164, jul.-set. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-963284

RESUMO

Resumen La presente investigación analiza la relación entre las actitudes sexistas y el uso de estrategias de justificación y negación del daño, así como la capacidad predictiva de esta variable en la atribución de responsabilidad de 129 agresores condenados a prisión en España por delitos relacionados con la violencia de género. Se aplicó la Escala de Atribución de Responsabilidad y Minimización y el Inventario de Sexismo Ambivalente (ASI). Los resultados señalan que un porcentaje elevado de agresores tiende a asumir la responsabilidad por la violencia ejercida y no justifica la agresión. Asimismo, se ha constatado que los condenados no presentan un número elevado de actitudes sexistas. No obstante, las actitudes sexistas permiten predecir la minimización del daño por parte de los agresores. Las conclusiones redundan en la importancia de intervención con esta población, dada la eficacia de los programas en la asunción de responsabilidad y en la disminución de actitudes sexistas.


Abstract This paper analyzes how the sexist attitudes are related to the assumption of responsibility, as well as the predictive capacity of this variable with respect to the aggressors' minimization of the harm and a lack of attributing responsibility of 129 aggressors convicted in Spain for gender violence. There was applied the Scale of Attribution of Responsibility and Minimization and the Inventory of Ambivalent Sexism (ASI). The results indicate that a high percentage of aggressors tends to assume the responsibility for the violence exercised and do not justify the aggression. Likewise, there has been stated that the aggressors do not present a high number of sexist attitudes. Nevertheless, sexist attitudes allow to predict the minimization of hurt of the aggressors. The conclusions redound to the importance of intervention with this population, given the efficiency of the programs in the assumption of responsibility and in the decrease of sexist attitudes.


Assuntos
Humanos , Violência de Gênero , Delitos Sexuais , Espanha , Sexismo
5.
Univ. psychol ; 16(1): 40-49, Jan.-Mar. 2017. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-904614

RESUMO

ABSTRACT The goal of the present research was to investigate if individual differences in empathy and personal distress were stable predictors of compassionate emotions and whether these emotions, in turn, mediate the effect of attribution on prosocial propensity. We formulated four hypotheses to be tested concerning direct and indirect effects between the variables in our model. 627 participants, mainly female (N = 408), were randomly assigned to one of two conditions in which we manipulated the attribution of responsibility of a target person (uncontrollability x controllability). Our results corroborated totally or partially all four hypotheses, indicating that empathy was a stable predictor of compassionate emotions and that these emotions mediated the effect of attribution on prosocial propensity. Notably, we found that empathy was an even stronger predictor of compassionate emotions compared to the attribution that participants made. We found evidence corroborating the assumption that these prosocial individual differences measures can predict the tendency to actually experience compassionate emotions in different situations. Thus, we conclude that the comprehension of prosocial decision-making and attribution processes underlying prosocial situations must take into account individual differences as antecedents of compassionate emotions.


RESUMEN El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar si las diferencias individuales en empatía y angustia personal eran predictores estables de emociones compasivas y si estas emociones a su vez median el efecto de la atribución sobre la propensión prosocial. Hemos formulado cuatro hipótesis que se someterán a prueba por medio de los efectos directos e indirectos entre las variables del modelo. 627 participantes, principalmente mujeres (N = 408), fueron asignados aleatoriamente a una de las condiciones en las que manipulamos la atribución de responsabilidad (incontrolabilidad x controlabilidad). Nuestros resultados corroboraron total o parcialmente las cuatro hipótesis, indicando que la empatia es un predictor estable de emociones compasivas y que estas emociones mediaron el efecto de la atribución sobre la propensión prosocial. Es importante destacar que encontramos que la empatia fue un predictor aún más fuerte de emociones compasivas en comparación con la atribución que los participantes hicieron. Encontramos evidencias que corroboran el supuesto de que estas medidas de las diferencias individuales prosociales pueden predecir la tendencia a experimentar emociones compasivas en diferentes situaciones y concluimos que la comprensión de los procesos de toma de decisiones y de atribución prosociales subyacentes a las situaciones prosociales debe tener en cuenta las diferencias individuales como antecedentes de emociones compasivas.


Assuntos
Emoções , Empatia/classificação , Individualidade
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA