The Total Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Atriplex Nummularia Leaves’ Extract

Background and Objective: Tapak Liman leaves have been long used traditionally for anemia. The dried powder form ofElephantropus scaber was extracted to produce ethanol. This study aimed to prove the hematopoietic effect of tapak limanleaf. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted for 28 days. The samples consisted of one non-anemic group andfour anemic groups induced by 130 mg/kgBW chloramphenicol given every day for 14 days. In the last day, group 2, 3 and 4were given the extract of tapak liman leaves for 10, 30 and 100 mg/kgBW; respectively. Group 5 (as a positive control) wasgiven physiological NaCl 0.9%. The testing doses were given once a day for 14 days, and the effects were observed on day1st , 14th, 21st, and 28th. Results: The parameters used in this study were erythrocyte, hemoglobin, reticulocyte andhematocrit counts in white mice that were analyzed by two-way ANOVA showing a significant value of (p<0.05).Conclusions: The extract of tapak liman leaves could increase hematopoietic activities; hence, it could be used as analternative therapy for anemia.

In vitro rumen fermentation kinetics of diets containing oldman saltbush hay and forage cactus, using a cattle inoculum / Cinética de fermentação ruminal in vitro de dietas contendo feno de erva-sal e palma forrageira, utilizando inóculo bovino

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate, by means of the semi-automated in vitro gas production technique, fermentation kinetics of carbohydrates and degradability of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) of diets containing oldman saltbush hay levels (8.4; 18.8; 31.2 and 48.3%) associated to forage cactus in natura. Pressure readings of the gases were done with a pressure transducer at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 17, 20, 24, 28, 34, 48, 72 and 96h post-inoculation. The rumen kinetics was described by the following parameters: maximum potential of gas production, lag time and production rates of gas (k), fibrous carbohydrates (FC) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC). It could be observed that the addition of oldman saltbush hay to the diets promoted a quadratic effect in the production of gases originated from NFC. However, there was no significant effect on the production of gases originated from FC and on production rates of gases from NFC and FC. The degradability of DM and OM did not differ due to the addition of oldman saltbush hay. The use of 8.4% hay and 74.9% forage cactus promoted the maximum potential of production of gases from the fibrous fraction of diets containing cactus and oldman saltbush hay.

O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar, por meio da técnica in vitro semiautomática de produção de gases, a cinética de fermentação dos carboidratos e a degradabilidade da matéria seca (MS) e da orgânica (MO) de dietas contendo níveis de feno de erva-sal (8,4; 18,8; 31,2 e 48,3%) associado à palma forrageira in natura. As leituras de pressão dos gases foram feitas com transdutor de pressão às 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 17, 20, 24, 28, 34, 48, 72, 96 horas pós-inoculação. A cinética ruminal foi descrita pelos parâmetros: potencial máximo de produção de gases, "lag time" e taxa de produção de gases (k) dos carboidratos fibrosos (CF) e não fibrosos (CNF). Verificou-se que a adição de feno de erva-sal às dietas promoveu efeito quadrático na produção de gases provenientes dos CNF, em que o menor valor observado (136,48mL) foi encontrado com a adição de 38,25% de feno, e o maior valor, com a adição de 8,4% de feno e 74,9% de palma forrageira. O tempo de latência teve comportamento quadrático em função da adição de feno. No entanto não houve efeito significativo na produção de gases provenientes dos CF (média de 111,6mL) e nas taxas de produção de gases dos CNF e CF que apresentaram média de 0,090h-1 e 0,028h-1, respectivamente. A degradabilidade da MS e MO não diferiram em função da adição de feno de erva-sal e apresentaram médias de 85,8 e 90,9%, respectivamente. O uso de 8,4% de feno e 74,9 de palma forrageira propiciou o máximo potencial de produção de gases da fração fibrosa de dietas contendo palma e feno de erva-sal.

Características fermentativas de silagens de cana-de-açúcar com erva-sal / Fermentation characteristics of sugarcane silages with saltbush

Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar diferentes níveis (0, 20, 40 e 60%) de inclusão de erva-sal na dinâmica fermentativa da silagem de cana-de-açúcar. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições. Após 90 dias, com a abertura dos silos, determinou-se os teores de carboidratos solúveis (CHO-Sol), etanol, ácidos orgânicos (lático, acético, propiônico, butírico), proteína bruta (PB), matéria mineral (MM), matéria seca (MS), fibra em detergente neutro livre de cinzas (FDNc), pH e poder tampão (PT); estimou-se a perda total de MS, perdas por efluente e gases, densidade e a recuperação da MS. Os níveis crescentes de erva-sal propiciaram diminuição das perdas totais de MS e por efluente, aumento de seu teor e recuperação desta. As silagens apresentaram pH adequado à conservação (≤3,70) e concentração de minerais acrescidos. As concentrações de etanol foram influenciadas (P<0,05) pelo incremento de erva-sal, em que se observou redução de 51,84%, com 40% de erva-sal na silagem de cana. A adição de erva-sal reduz as perdas de MS e a produção de etanol e, melhora a qualidade fermentativa da silagem de cana-de-açúcar.

The objective of this study was to evaluate different inclusion levels (0, 20, 40 and 60%) of old man saltbush in the fermentation dynamics of sugarcane silages. The experiment was carried out as a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replicates. After 90 days, with the opening of the silos, the levels of water soluble carbohydrates, ethanol, organic acids (lactic, acetic, propionic, butyric acid), crude protein (CP), mineral matter (MM), dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber ash free (NDFa), pH and buffer capacity were determined; and, the losses by gas, effluent and total of dry mater, density and dry matter recovery were estimated. Increasing levels of saltbush propitiated reduction in losses: by effluent and total dry matter, it also increased the concentration and recovery. The silages showed pH suitable for conservation (≤3.70) and mineral concentration increased. The ethanol concentrations were influenced (P<0.05) by the increase of saltbush, where reduction of 51.84% was observed, with 40% saltbush in sugarcane silage. The addition of saltbush reduces dry matter losses and ethanol production and, improves the quality of sugarcane silage.