Study on gene therapy for DPOAE and ABR threshold changes in adult Otof-/- mice / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:This study aims to analyze the threshold changes in distortion product otoacoustic emissions（DPOAE） and auditory brainstem response（ABR） in adult Otof-/- mice before and after gene therapy, evaluating its effectiveness and exploring methods for assessing hearing recovery post-treatment. Methods:At the age of 4 weeks, adult Otof-/- mice received an inner ear injection of a therapeutic agent containing intein-mediated recombination of the OTOF gene, delivered via dual AAV vectors through the round window membrane（RWM）. Immunofluorescence staining assessed the proportion of inner ear hair cells with restored otoferlin expression and the number of synapses.Statistical analysis was performed to compare the DPOAE and ABR thresholds before and after the treatment. Results:AAV-PHP. eB demonstrates high transduction efficiency in inner ear hair cells. The therapeutic regimen corrected hearing loss in adult Otof-/- mice without impacting auditory function in wild-type mice. The changes in DPOAE and ABR thresholds after gene therapy are significantly correlated at 16 kHz. Post-treatment,a slight increase in DPOAE was observeds,followed by a recovery trend at 2 months post-treatment. Conclusion:Gene therapy significantly restored hearing in adult Otof-/- mice, though the surgical delivery may cause transient hearing damage. Precise and gentle surgical techniques are essential to maximize gene therapy's efficacy.

A comparison of the human voice (“Baah”) test and the automated auditory brainstem response in detecting neonates with hearing loss in a community setting

Objective@#To assess the usage of the “Baah” Test compared to the AABR (Automated Auditory Brainstem Response) in detecting hearing loss of neonates in the community setting. @*Methods@#This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. The targeted sample population are infants less than a month old who underwent screening at a testing facility in Malolos, Bulacan spanning the years 2011 and 2012. @*Results@#A total of 201 infants were included in the study, with a mean age of 10.77 days with a standard deviation of 7.79. The ratio of males to females was almost equal at 1:1.01. For infants who passed hearing screening on at least one ear, 96% (193 infants) correlated with the results of “Baah” testing. For those with bilateral refer results on AABR, 4 out of the 6 correlated with the “Baah” Test. @*Conclusion@#There is potential in using the “Baah” Test as a tool for hearing loss assessment of infants in situations wherein the usual hearing screening tests are inaccessible. It makes use of little resources, and though it does have its limitations in assessing for unilateral hearing loss (as the test cannot test ears in isolation), it would be able to identify infants likely to have bilateral hearing loss.

Assessment of Wave V latency and Wave I-V Interpeak latency in preterm babies by Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry

Background: Early screening of hearing impairment optimizes communication, social, academic, and vocational outcomes for each child with hearing loss measurement of the auditory brain stem response which is considered the most sensitive method of assessing the auditory activity of neonates. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to compare wave V latency and interpeak I-V latency by brainstem auditory evoked response in preterm babies (32 weeks–36 weeks) with age-specific normal response and intergroup comparison (Group 1–32 weeks, Group 2–34 weeks, and Group 3–36 weeks) for the identification of hearing impairment if any. Materials and Methods: The present study was done on 50 preterm newborn, and after satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria, preterm babies were subdivided into three groups on the basis of gestational age (Group A: 32 weeks [n = 12], Group B: 34 weeks [n = 18], and Group C: 36 weeks [n = 20]). Babies were subjected to brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) test on RMS EMG EP MARK-II machine in the neurophysiology unit of the Department of Physiology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal. Interpretation of the data as compared to normal values was done. Results: A trend toward decrease in absolute peak latencies of wave V with advancing gestational age was observed indicating progressive maturation, but the values recorded in all the three groups were longer as compared to the normal term values suggesting impairment in the maturation process. Wave I-V interpeak latencies values showed appreciable prolongation in all groups as compared to normal term values. Conclusion: The present study has shown that the preterm babies had altered BERA findings signifying hearing impairment.

Frequency-Following Response and Auditory Behavior in Children with Prenatal Exposure to the Zika Virus

Abstract Introduction Prenatal exposure to the Zika virus can impair neurodevelopment and cause auditory damage. Objective To analyze the frequency-following response (FFR) and the auditory behavior (with the LittlEars® questionnaire) of children with and without prenatal exposure to Zika virus infection. Methods A total of 30 children participated in the present study, divided into 3 groups: 10 children with microcephaly and prenatal exposure to the Zika virus; 10 normocephalic children with prenatal exposure to the Zika virus; and 10 children with no evidence of prenatal exposure to the virus. The FFR test was performed with the /da/ syllable. The LittlEars® questionnaire was used with parents/guardians. Results For the FFR measurements, there was no difference between the groups. The children with exposure to the Zika virus presented a final score in the questionnaire below what is expected from children with normal hearing. A significant difference was observed for the final, semantic, and expressive scores between the group with microcephaly and the other groups. A strong negative correlation was seen between the LittlEars® questionnaire final score and the FFR measurements for the group with microcephaly when compared with the other groups. Conclusion Children exposed to the Zika virus, with and without microcephaly, presented FFR patterns similar to what was seen in children with no evidence of virus exposure. However, they showed signs of immature auditory behavior, suggesting auditory development delay.

Inhibiting DNA methylation alleviates cisplatin-induced hearing loss by decreasing oxidative stress-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis via the LRP1-PI3K/AKT pathway

Cisplatin-related ototoxicity is a critical side effect of chemotherapy and can lead to irreversible hearing loss. This study aimed to assess the potential effect of the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor RG108 on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Immunohistochemistry, apoptosis assay, and auditory brainstem response (ABR) were employed to determine the impacts of RG108 on cisplatin-induced injury in murine hair cells (HCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Rhodamine 123 and TMRM were utilized for mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assessment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) amounts were evaluated by Cellrox green and Mitosox-red probes. Mitochondrial respiratory function evaluation was performed by determining oxygen consumption rates (OCRs). The results showed that RG108 can markedly reduce cisplatin induced damage in HCs and SGNs, and alleviate apoptotic rate by protecting mitochondrial function through preventing ROS accumulation. Furthermore, RG108 upregulated BCL-2 and downregulated APAF1, BAX, and BAD in HEI-OC1 cells, and triggered the PI3K/AKT pathway. Decreased expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) and high methylation of the LRP1 promoter were observed after cisplatin treatment. RG108 treatment can increase LRP1 expression and decrease LRP1 promoter methylation. In conclusion, RG108 might represent a new potential agent for preventing hearing loss induced by cisplatin via activating the LRP1-PI3K/AKT pathway.

Comparison of ASSR, ABR and 40 Hz AERP Response Thresholds at Different Frequencies and Their Forensic Applications / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the relationship between the frequency characteristics and response threshold of auditory steady-state response (ASSR), auditory brainstem response (ABR) and 40 Hz auditory event related potential (40 Hz AERP), and their application values in forensic medicine.@*METHODS@#Thirty volunteers with normal hearing (60 ears) were selected to perform pure tone audiometry (PTA) threshold and ASSR, ABR and 40 Hz AERP response threshold tests in the standard sound insulation shielding room, and the results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software.@*RESULTS@#At 0.5 kHz and 1.0 kHz frequencies, the correlation between 40 Hz AERP response threshold and PTA threshold was good, which was better than that of ASSR and ABR response threshold. At 2.0 kHz and 4.0 kHz frequencies, the correlation between ASSR and ABR response thresholds and PTA threshold was good, which was better than that of 40 Hz AERP response threshold.@*CONCLUSIONS@#To evaluate the hearing at 0.5 kHz and 1.0 kHz frequencies, it is recommended to use 40 Hz AERP and ASSR to comprehensively assess the PTA threshold of the subjects. To evaluate the hearing at 2.0 kHz and 4.0 kHz frequencies, ABR and ASSR are recommended to assess the PTA threshold of subjects comprehensively. The combination of ASSR, ABR and 40 Hz AERP can improve the accuracy of hearing function evaluation.

Esketamine may be an ideal substitute for ketamine during cochlear function measurement

The mixture of ketamine and xylazine is widely used for the auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurement. Esketamine is twice as potent as ketamine. Our objective was to assess the influence of esketamine in mice undergoing cochlear function measurement including ABR and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) measurement. C57Bl/6J mice were treated with an equivalent dose of analgesia and received either a single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of 100 mg/kg ketamine and 25 mg/kg xylazine or 50 mg/kg esketamine and 25 mg/kg xylazine. Hearing thresholds, peak latencies of waves I and V, and DPOAE thresholds were recorded. Time to loss of righting and time to regain righting were also assessed. We found that hearing thresholds, the peak latencies of waves I and V, and DPOAE thresholds were similar between the two groups (all P>0.05). Time to regain righting was significantly shorter in the esketamine group (P<0.001) than in the ketamine group. We concluded that when using equivalent doses of analgesia, esketamine may be an ideal substitute for ketamine during cochlear function test.

Frequency Characteristics of AEPs in Normal Young Adults and Comparison of Their Response Threshold and Pure Tone Audiometry Threshold / 法医学杂志

Objective The tests of three types of auditory evoked potentials （AEPs） were performed on normal young adults, to understand the frequency characteristics of different testing methods and the relationship between response threshold and pure tone audiometry threshold of different methods, and to discuss the forensic value of 3 types of AEPs to evaluate hearing function. Methods Twenty normal young adults were selected, their standard pure tone audiometry threshold, short-term pure tone audiometry threshold and the response threshold of 3 types of AEPs （tone burst-auditory brainstem response, 40 Hz auditory event-related potential and slow vertex response） at 0.5 kHz, 1.0 kHz, 2.0 kHz and 4.0 kHz were recorded. The relationship between the response threshold and standard pure tone audiometry threshold, short-term pure tone audiometry threshold of 3 types of AEPs at different frequencies as well as the differences between different types of AEPs were analyzed. Results The short-term pure tone audiometry threshold was higher than the standard pure tone audiometry threshold at each frequency. The response threshold and standard pure tone audiometry threshold of the 3 types of AEPs all had a certain correlation, and the response threshold of the 3 types of AEPs was higher than short-term pure tone audiometry threshold and standard pure tone audiometry threshold at each frequency. The differences in the differences between the response threshold and standard pure tone audiometry threshold of the 3 types of AEPs at different frequencies had statistical significance. Linear regression mathematical models were established to infer the standard pure tone audiometry threshold （hearing level） from response threshold （sound pressure level） of 3 types of AEPs of normal young adults. Conclusion When using response threshold of different types of AEPs to estimate pure tone audiometry threshold, conversion and correction are needed. Combined use of different types of AEPs could improve the accuracy of hearing function evaluation.

The Effects of Riluzole on Cisplatin-induced Ototoxicity

Abstract Introduction Riluzole (2-amino-6-trifluoromethoxy benzothiazole) is known as a neuroprotective, antioxidant, antiapoptotic agent. It may have beneficial effects on neuronal cell death due to cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Objective To evaluate the effect of riluzole on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in guinea pigs. Methods Twenty-four guinea pigs, studied in three groups, underwent auditory brainstem response evaluation using click and 8 kHz tone burst stimuli. Subsequently, 5 mg/kg of cisplatin were administered to all animals for 3 days intraperitoneally (i.p.) to induce ototoxicity. Half an hour prior to cisplatin, groups 1, 2 and 3 received 2 ml of saline i.p., 6 mg/kg of riluzole hydrochloride i.p., and 8 mg/kg of riluzole hydrochloride i.p., respectively, for 3 days. The auditory brainstem responses were repeated 24 hours after the last drug administration. The cochleae were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results After drug administiration, for 8,000 Hz stimulus, group 1 had significantly higher threshold shifts when compared with groups 2 (p < 0.05) and 3 (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in threshold shifts between groups 2 and 3 (p > 0.05). Transmission electron microscopy findings demonstrated the protective effect of riluzole on the hair cells and the stria vascularis, especially in the group treated with 8 mg/kg of riluzole hydrochloride. Conclusion We can say that riluzolemay have a protective effect on cisplatin- induced ototoxicity. However, additional studies are needed to confirm these results and the mechanisms of action of riluzole.

Comparison between chloral hydrate and propofol-ketamine as sedation regimens for pediatric auditory brainstem response testing / Comparação entre o uso de hidrato de cloral e propofol-quetamina como formas de sedação para exames de potenciais evocados auditivos de tronco encefálico

Abstract Introduction: The use of diagnostic auditory brainstem response testing under sedation is currently the "gold standard" in infants and young children who are not developmentally capable of completing the test. Objective: The aim of the study is to compare a propofol-ketamine regimen to an oral chloral hydrate regimen for sedating children undergoing auditory brainstem response testing. Methods: Patients between 4 months and 6 years who required sedation for auditory brainstem response testing were included in this retrospective study. Drugs doses, adverse effects, sedation times, and the effectiveness of the sedative regimens were reviewed. Results: 73 patients underwent oral chloral hydrate sedation, while 117 received propofol-ketamine sedation. 12% of the patients in the chloral hydrate group failed to achieve desired sedation level. The average procedure, recovery and total nursing times were significantly lower in the propofol-ketamine group. Propofol-ketamine group experienced higher incidence of transient hypoxemia. Conclusion: Both sedation regimens can be successfully used for sedating children undergoing auditory brainstem response testing. While deep sedation using propofol-ketamine regimen offers more efficiency than moderate sedation using chloral hydrate, it does carry a higher incidence of transient hypoxemia, which warrants the use of a highly skilled team trained in pediatric cardio-respiratory monitoring and airway management.

Resumo Introdução: O uso de testes diagnósticos de potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico sob sedação é atualmente o padrão-ouro em lactentes e crianças pequenas que não têm desenvolvimento suficiente para realizar o exame. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a sedação de crianças submetidas a testes de potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico com propofol-quetamina e com hidrato de cloral por via oral. Método: Pacientes entre 4 meses e 6 anos de idade que necessitaram de sedação para a realização do potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico foram incluídos nesse estudo retrospectivo. Foram revisadas as doses dos medicamentos, os efeitos adversos, os tempos de sedação e a eficácia das formas de sedação. Resultados: 73 pacientes foram submetidos à sedação oral com hidrato de cloral, enquanto 117 receberam sedação com propofol-quetamina; 12% dos pacientes do grupo hidrato de cloral não alcançaram o nível desejado de sedação. Os tempos médios de procedimento, recuperação e o tempo total de cuidados de enfermagem foram significativamente menores no grupo propofol-quetamina, entretanto este grupo experimentou maior incidência de hipoxemia transitória. Conclusão: Ambos os regimes de sedação podem ser utilizados com sucesso para sedar crianças para realização do exame de potencial evocado de tronco encefálico. Embora a sedação profunda com propofol e quetamina ofereça mais eficiência do que a sedação moderada com hidrato de cloral, ela apresenta maior incidência de hipoxemia transitória, o que requer uma equipe altamente qualificada, treinada em monitoramento cardiorrespiratório pediátrico e manejo de vias aéreas.

Analyses of audiological examination in children without auditory brainstem response / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate residual hearing of children severe and profound sensorineural deafness in whom wave V was not found in auditory brainstem response(ABR) testing, and to emphasize the importance of objective audiological tests.@*Methods@#Two hundred and fifty-two children who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January 2015 and April 2018, with an average age of 20 months from 72 days to 4 years, received a full battery of objective audiological tests consisting of distortion product otoacoustic emission(DPOAEs), tympanometry, auditory brainstem responses(ABRs), 40 Hz auditory event related potential(40 HzAERP) and auditory steady-state response(ASSRs).There were 159 males(318 ears) and 93 females(186 ears). Residual hearing obtained by 40 HzAERP、ASSR of 252 children with sensorineural deafness was studied in relation to the absence of wave V in click ABR. SPSS 16.0 software was used to analyze the data.@*Results@#Four hundred and forty-four ears of 504 ears have residual hearing of different degrees at different frequencies(88.1%),60 ears (11.9%) were found in whom responses was not found in 40 HzAERP、ASSR testing; Seventy-two ears(14.3%) in 38 patients were tested cochlear microphonic potentials (CMs).@*Conclusion@#In children hearing evaluations,a full battery of objective audiological tests could better investigate residual hearing; The CMs were tested could provide the Audiotery Neuropathy diagnosis in infants with OAEs and ABR absent.

Characteristics of auditory brainstom response and auditory steady state evoked responses in noise-induced hearing loss population / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To explore the characteristics of auditory steady state evoked responses (ASSR) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) in noise-induced hearing loss population and the relationship between the response threshold of corresponding frequency and pure tone audiometry (PTA) .@*Methods@#Noise-induced hearing loss patients who completed subjective and objective audiometry in our hospital from October 2014 to October 2018 were collected. The results of PTA, ABR, ASSR and the correlation between subjective and objective audiometry were discussed.@*Results@#A total of 381 ears of 193 patients were enrolled. The difference of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 kHz between ASSR threshold and PTA was 5.9, 6.9, 11.8 and 1.8 dB, respectively. The correlation coefficients were 0.638, 0.680, 0.657 and 0.608. The difference of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 kHz between ABR threshold and PTA was 44.2, 35.0, 19.0 and 2.0 dB. With the increase of frequency, the threshold difference between ABRt V wave and PTA decreased gradually.@*Conclusion@#ASSR and ABR response thresholds are valuable in subjective assessment on noise-induced hearing loss. The thresholds of ASSR and ABR at 4 kHz are close to those of PTA.

Auditory Deficits in Patients With Mild and Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Speech Syllable Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response Study

OBJECTIVES: The energy consumption process of cochlea and neural signal transduction along the auditory pathway are highly dependent on blood oxygen supply. At present, it is under debate on whether the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) would affect the auditory function since the patients suffer from low oxygen saturation. Moreover, it is difficult to detect the functional state of auditory in less severe stage of OSAS. Recently, speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (speech-ABR) has been reported to be a new electrophysiological tool in characterizing the auditory dysfunction. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the auditory processes in adult patients with mild and moderate OSAS by speech-ABR. METHODS: An experimental group of 31 patients with mild to moderate OSAS, and a control group without OSAS diagnosed by apnea hypopnea index in polysomnogram were recruited. All participants underwent otologic examinations and tests of pure-tone audiogram, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, click-evoked auditory brainstem response (click-ABR) and speech-ABR, respectively. RESULTS: The results of pure-tone audiogram, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, and click-ABR in OSAS group showed no significant differences compared with the control group (P>0.05). Speech-ABRs for OSAS participants and controls showed similar morphological waveforms and typical peak structures. There were significant group differences for the onset and offset transient peaks (P < 0.05), where OSAS group had longer latencies for peak V (6.69± 0.33 ms vs. 6.39±0.23 ms), peak C (13.48±0.30 ms vs. 13.31±0.23 ms), and peak O (48.27±0.39 ms vs. 47.60± 0.40 ms) compared to the control group. The latency of these peaks showed significant correlations with apnea hypopnea index for peak V (r=0.37, P=0.040), peak C (r=0.36, P=0.045), as well as peak O (r=0.55, P=0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that some auditory dysfunctions may be present in patients with mild and moderate OSAS, and the damages were aggravated with the severity of OSAS, which suggests that speech-ABR may be a potential biomarker in the diagnosis and evaluation at early stage of OSAS.

Evaluation of peripheral auditory pathways and brainstem in obstructive sleep apnea / Avaliação da via auditiva periférica e do tronco encefálico na apneia obstrutiva do sono

Abstract Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea causes changes in normal sleep architecture, fragmenting it chronically with intermittent hypoxia, leading to serious health consequences in the long term. It is believed that the occurrence of respiratory events during sleep, such as apnea and hypopnea, can impair the transmission of nerve impulses along the auditory pathway that are highly dependent on the supply of oxygen. However, this association is not well established in the literature. Objective To compare the evaluation of peripheral auditory pathway and brainstem among individuals with and without obstructive sleep apnea. Methods The sample consisted of 38 adult males, mean age of 35.8 (±7.2), divided into four groups matched for age and Body Mass Index. The groups were classified based on polysomnography in: control (n = 10), mild obstructive sleep apnea (n = 11) moderate obstructive sleep apnea (n = 8) and severe obstructive sleep apnea (n = 9). All study subjects denied a history of risk for hearing loss and underwent audiometry, tympanometry, acoustic reflex and Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response. Statistical analyses were performed using three-factor ANOVA, 2-factor ANOVA, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. The significance level for all tests was 5%. Results There was no difference between the groups for hearing thresholds, tympanometry and evaluated Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response parameters. An association was observed between the presence of obstructive sleep apnea and changes in absolute latency of wave V (p = 0.03). There was an association between moderate obstructive sleep apnea and change of the latency of wave V (p = 0.01). Conclusion The presence of obstructive sleep apnea is associated with changes in nerve conduction of acoustic stimuli in the auditory pathway in the brainstem. The increase in obstructive sleep apnea severity does not promote worsening of responses assessed by audiometry, tympanometry and Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response.

Resumo Introdução A Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono provoca modificações na arquitetura normal do sono, fragmentando-o de forma crônica com hipóxias intermitentes levando, a longo prazo, a sérias consequências na saúde. Acredita-se que a ocorrência de eventos respiratórios durante o sono como apneia e hipopneia pode prejudicar a transmissão de impulsos nervosos ao longo da via auditiva que são altamente dependentes do fornecimento do oxigênio. Contudo, essa associação não se encontra bem estabelecida na literatura. Objetivo Comparar os achados da avaliação da via auditiva periférica e no tronco encefálico entre indivíduos portadores e não portadores de apneia obstrutiva do sono. Método A casuística foi composta por 38 adultos do sexo masculino, média de idade de 35,8 (±7,2); divididos em quatro grupos experimentais pareados por idade e índice da massa corpórea. Os grupos foram classificados com base na polissonografia em: controle (n = 10), apneia obstrutiva do sono leve (n = 11), apneia obstrutiva do sono moderada (n = 8) e apneia obstrutiva do sono grave (n = 9). Todos os sujeitos do estudo negaram história pregressa de risco para perda auditiva e foram submetidos à audiometria, timpanometria, pesquisa dos reflexos acústicos e Potenciais Evocados Auditivos de Tronco Encefálico. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas por meio de ANOVA 3-fatores, ANOVA 2-fatores, teste de Qui-quadrado e teste exato de Fisher. O nível de significância adotado para todos os testes foi de 5%. Resultados Não houve diferença entre os grupos para os limiares auditivos, timpanometria e parâmetros avaliados do Peate. Observou-se associação entre a presença da apneia obstrutiva do sono e alteração da latência absoluta da onda V (p = 0,03). Observou-se associação entre apneia obstrutiva do sono de grau moderado e alteração da latência da onda V (p = 0,01). Conclusão A presença de apneia obstrutiva do sono está associada à presença de alteração na condução nervosa do estímulo acústico na via auditiva em tronco encefálico. O aumento do grau de severidade da apneia obstrutiva do sono não promove piora das respostas avaliadas pela audiometria, timpanometria e Potenciais Evocados Auditivos de Tronco Encefálico.

Relationship between Laterality of Auditory Brainstem Response and Speech Comprehension in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders : A Preliminary Retrospective Controlled Study / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective] To explore the relationship between laterality of auditory brainstem response and speech comprehension in children with autism spectrum disorders preliminarily.[Method] Review hearing diagnosis data in clinical audiology center from September 2013 to August 2015.We compare auditory brainstem responses in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD group) and with other disorders (control group),and we further divide children with autism spectrum disorders into two groups (high ability group and low ability group) in terms of their speech comprehension and compare their auditory brainstem responses.[Result] The latencies of waves Ⅲ and Ⅴ,and interpeak latencies Ⅰ to Ⅲ and Ⅰ to Ⅴ of the ASD were significantly prolonged than the control group.And the laterality of waves Ⅲ and Ⅴ,and interpeak latencies Ⅰ to Ⅲ and Ⅰ to Ⅴ present in the ASD group,but not in the control group.Meanwhile,the laterality of waves Ⅲ and Ⅴ,and interpeak latencies Ⅰ to Ⅲ and Ⅰ to Ⅴ present in the high ability group,but not in the low ability group.[Conclusion] Laterality was not a common phenomenon in auditory brainstem response,and it may be associated with the development of speech comprehension in children with autism spectrum disorders.

Changes of Auditory Brainstem Response and Expression of Parvalbumin , Calretinin and Calbindin D-28K in the Inferior Colliculus in Rats Following Noise Exposure / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To study the possible mechanism of hearing impairment after noise exposure .Methods Adult SD rats (n=14) were monaurally exposed to a loud noise (16 kHz ,one octave band pass (116 dB SPL)) for 1-hour ,or left as non-exposed controls (n=8) .The ABR was measured before and on the 7th day following unilateral noise exposure .All the Animals were euthanased at 7th day following acoustic trauma .We used Western blots to quantify protein levels of PV ,CR and CB in the inferior colliculus .Results The auditory thresholds in 8 , 12 ,16 ,20 ,24 ,and 32 kHz of all the ears exposed to noise showed a significant increase (P<0 .001) .Compared to the sham -exposed controls ,noise-exposed animals had significantly higher levels of PV and CR and lower levels of CB in both the ipsilateral and contralateral IC than controls (P<0 .05) .Respectively ,all the noise-exposed ani-mals had higher levels of PV and CR in the ipsilateral IC than ipsilateral side (P<0 .05) .Conclusion These studies display a significant threshold shift and changes on the expressions of PV ,CR and CB in IC following acoustic trau-ma ,which may be related to noise deafness ,tinnitus and other series of auditory dysfunction .

The Pure Tone Audiometry and Auditory Brainstem Response in Patients with Small Acoustic Neuroma's / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To understand the characteristics of the hearing loss in patients with small acoustic neuroma .Methods A retrospective analysis was used to analyze the results of pure tone audiometry (PTA) and au-ditory brainstem response (ABR) in 35 patients (35 ears) diagnosed with small acoustic neuroma .The types of au-diometric curves ,degrees and frequencies of hearing loss and latent periods of ABR were analyzed .Results Moder-ate deafness was the most common type in this study ,with a total of 13 ears (37 .14％ ,13/35) .In addition ,8 ears were profound deafness (22 .86％ ,8/35) ,7 ears of binaural severe deafness (20 .00％ ,7/35) ,6 ears of mild deafness (17 .14％ ,6/35) ,and 1 normal ear (2 .86％ .1/35) ,respectively .The types of audiometric curves were mainly U -shaped and sloping .15 audiometric curves were U -shaped (42 .86％ ,15/35) ,15 sloping (42 .86％ ,15/35) ,3 flat (8 .57％ ,3/35) ,and 1 tent-shaped (2 .86％ .1/35％ ) .The main frequencies of hearing loss were 1 kHz ,2 kHz ,4 kHz ,and 8 kHz .The mean thresholds had statistically significant differences (P<0 .05) compared with the other frequencies by S -N -K test .ABR was abnormal in 32 ears(91 .43％ ,32/35) .20 of the ears'I - V waves were prolonged or the inter-aural latency difference of V wave was>0 .4 ms .Five ears failed to show any ABR wave , but their 4 kHz pure tone threshold was < 80 dB HL .25 (71 .43％ ,25/35)ears'ABR results indicated a retroco-chlear nature of ear disease .Conclusion Moderate deafness is the most common type of hearing loss in small acous-tic neuroma patients ,but only 71 .43％ of the patients'ABR indicate a retrocochlear disease ,so an analysis of PTA together with ABR will help to diagnose .

Auditory brainstem response may predict behavior threshold of children with hearing loss / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the impact of degree of hearing loss on auditory brainstem response predictions of behavioral thresholds. Methods A total of 179 patients with different hearing loss degree ( a total of 311 ears) patients from January 2012 to January 2016 in the affiliated hospital of Yan’an university were treated with auditory brainstem response (ABR), performed threshold behavior test, analyed the auditory brainstem electric response and behavioral threshold correlation, the factors that affect the ABR thresholds and behavioral threshold value and threshold of ABR and correction factor as well as linear regression equation for different frequency stimulation. Results ABR threshold was positively related to threshold behavior for the different frequencies stimulation, ABR threshold may predicte threshold behavior( P＜0.05) ; ABR threshold value can predicte behavioral threshold differ-ence error and the degree of hearing loss( P＜0.05) , through the relevant correction factors can reduce the predic-tion error. Conclusions Auditory brainstem responses may effectively predicte the hearing loss in children with be-havioural thresholds, differences in degree of hearing loss influence auditory brainstem response and behavioral threshold value, constant correction coefficient is conducive to auditory brainstem electric response and facilitates accuracy of the behavior threshold.

The effect of ERS on the auditory cortex injury after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in RATS / 重庆医学

Objective To study the effect and mechanism of endoplamic reticulum stress on the auditory cortex injury after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods 30 healthy male adult SD rats were chosen and randomly divided into 2 groups,ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) group and sham operated control,with each group 15 rats.The rats in I/R group were operated for suture-occluded method to establish middle cerebral artery occlusionmodel(MCAO),with ischemia for 60 mins followed by reperfusion for 24 h.And the control group was only to be isolated cervical vessels,with no thread embolism inserted.The auditory brainstem response (ABR) was tested before operation and at 24 h post-operation respectively.The neurological deficits,ratio of infarct volume were evaluated.The pathological changes were observed by HE.Neurocyte apoptosis were observed by Tunel,and the AI were determined.The expression of GRP78,Caspase-12 were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Results Compared with the sham group,the neurological function scores,the infarct volume of brain of I/R group increased significantly.The threshold of ABR elevated significantly and AI rised in I/R group.HE staining showed that the neurons in the sham group were arranged in order,the shape was normal,but in the I/R group the normal structure disappeared,the nuclei were condensed.The expression of GRP78,Caspase-12 protein were significantly up-regulated.All of the differences above have statistical significance(P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism of hearing loss after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats is perhaps related to endoplamic reticulum stress,and GRP78,Caspase-12 participate in the process of neuron apoptosis on auditory cortex caused by ERS.

Is the Auditory Brainstem Response Diagnostic for Vestibular Paroxysmia? / 대한평형의학회지

OBJECTIVES: Vestibular paroxysmia (VP) of the eighth cranial nerve is characterized by recurrent auditory and vestibular disturbances when a proximal part of the eighth cranial nerve is continuously pressed by a vessel. A detailed history and several ancillary diagnostic tools, such as tinnitogram, caloric test, auditory brainstem response (ABR) and magnetic resonance imaging, are used for diagnosis of VP. Among them, although Møller criteria using ABR is a simple method, the previous study is insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate ABR's diagnostic value of VP. METHODS: ABR records of the 14 patients (patient group) who were diagnosed with VP and 45 patients (as control) who were diagnosed with only tinnitus were reviewed retrospectively. We analyzed the differences in Møller criteria between 2 groups. RESULTS: Mean age of the patient group was 52.9 years old and the control group was 55.4 years old. As compared with the control group, there were no significant differences of Møller 3 criteria contents (peak II wave amplitude < 33% [35.7% vs. 15.5%, p=0.133], interpeak latency I–III ≥2.3 msec [42.8% vs. 35.5%, p=0.622]), Contralateral interpeak latency III–V ≥2.2 msec (0% vs. 4.4%, p=1.000) in patient group. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference of ABR parameters according to the Møller criteria between patient and control groups.