Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes vítimas de trauma torácico em um hospital de urgência e trauma / Epidemiological profile of patients victims of thoracic trauma in an emergency and trauma hospital

O trauma é responsável por significativos impactos na sociedade. De acordo com dados da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), mais de nove pessoas morrem por minuto, vítimas de trauma. Entre os principais tipos de trauma, o torácico representa na atualidade cerca de 25% dos mortos em politraumatizados, constituindo um problema complexo, tendo em vista os elevados índices de mortalidade e sequelas incapacitantes permanentes. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes atendidos em um hospital de urgências da região centro-oeste, vítimas de trauma torácico. Método: Estudo quantitativo, de caráter transversal e retrospectivo, realizado a partir de coleta de dados efetuada em prontuário eletrônico no período de março a maio de 2022. Resultados: Identificou-se 73 pacientes vítimas de trauma torácico, com maior acometimento de pessoas do sexo masculino, com idade entre 26 e 35 anos. Como causa mais frequente, se destacaram os acidentes motociclísticos, resultando principalmente em lesões do tipo hemopneumotórax. Conclusão: o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes vítimas de trauma torácico foi representado com maior frequência pelo sexo masculino, com idade entre 26 a 35 anos, causados predominantemente por acidentes motociclísticos, resultando na maioria das vezes em lesões do tipo hemopneumotórax

Trauma is responsible for significant impacts on society. According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), more than nine people die per minute victims of trauma. Among the main types of trauma, thoracic trauma currently represents about 25% of polytrauma deaths, constituting a complex problem, in view of the high rates of mortality and sequelae permanent disabling. Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of patients treated at an emergency hospital in the Midwest region, victims of thoracic trauma. Method: Quantitative, cross-sectional and retrospective study carried out from data collection of electronic medical records in the period from March to May of 2022. Results: We identified 73 patients who were victims of chest trauma with higher affecting males aged between 26 and 35 years. As the most frequent cause motorcycle accidents stood out, resulting mainly in lesions of the hemopneumothorax type. Conclusion: the profile epidemiology of patients victims of thoracic trauma was represented with greater frequency by males, aged between 26 and 35 years, caused predominantly by motorcycle accidents, often resulting in hemopneumothorax lesions

Derrame seroso de Morell-Lavalle en un anciano / Morell-Lavalle serous effusion in an elderly

Se describe el caso clínico de un paciente de 60 años de edad, que en 1984 sufrió lesiones traumáticas cerradas y sin fracturas, en la pelvis, caderas y ambos muslos, como consecuencia de un accidente de tránsito, el cual fue operado en el Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" de Santiago de Cuba por presentar derrame seroso de Morell-Lavalle, por esta causa. Se realizó exéresis total de una masa quística gigante recurrente en dos tiempos quirúrgicos. El anciano evolucionó satisfactoriamente y todavía en el 2010 se mantiene asintomático.

The case report of a 60 year-old patient who suffered from blunt traumatic injuries and no fractures in the pelvis, hips and both thighs, due to an automobile accident in 1984 is described. He was surgically treated in "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba as he presented a Morell-Lavalle serous effusion. He had the total exeresis of a giant recurrent cystic mass in two surgical times. The patient had a satisfactory clinical course and in 2010 he is still asymptomatic.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Caused by Automobile Accident

PURPOSE: Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) causes pain, paresthesia and muscle weakness in neck, upper back, and the upper limbs. The etiologic factor of TOS is associated with car accident. However, in many cases diagnosis of TOS is underdiagnosed and proper treatment was not performed, which consequently lead to chronic pain status. The authors report of cases diagnosed with TOS following car accidents in our hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrograde study was conducted on 12 subjects who reported of neck pain and numbness following car accidents from January 2006 to June 2009. The study was conducted through telephone interviews and surveys to investigate the mechanism of the accidents, clinical manifestation, duration of the symptoms from diagnosis to treatment, treatment course and prognosis. RESULTS: Of the 12 subjects diagnosed with TOS, 9 of them were caused by whiplash injuries, and 3 of them were due to lateral side injuries. l0 of the subjects complained of cervical pain and upper limb paresthesia, 4 of the subjects had upper limb pain and 3 of them had only cervical pain as chief complaint. All of the subjects were underwent anterior scalene injections. A total of 8 subjects who were diagnosed with TOS within 4 weeks of the causal event showed symptom improvements while in the group of subjects who were diagnosed after 4 weeks after the injury, only 2 of the subjects showed recovery, 2 recovered for only a brief period of time after the scalene injection and showed chronic pain status. In the 2 cases initially diagnosed as cervical whiplash injury, the diagnosis of TOS was done in 3months and 6months after the accident respectively and the treaatment was delayed. CONCLUSIONS: There is high possibility of TOS after car accidents if cervical pain and numbness on the upper extremity are observed. Better clinical course and prognosis is expected in subjects who were diagnosed and treated within 4 weeks.

A Case of Exophthalmos due to Traumatic Orbital Encephalocele

Exophthalmos after trauma may develop because of retrobulbar hemorrhage, carotid cavernous fistula and orbital roof fracture. The orbital roof is composed of two layers of strong bone that makes it the strongest among the orbital walls and reports of its case are hardly found. However, rarely strong impact such as in automobile accidents causes these fractures and exophthalmos may develop due to herniation of brain tissue through a traumatic defect in the roof of the orbit. The authors experienced gradually increasing exophthalmos in a 33-year old man who had developed a subdural hematoma, orbital roof fracture and anterior temporal skull fracture due to an automobile accident. We report a case of orbital roof fracture in which herniation of brain was shown in orbital computed tomography and exophthalmos disappeared after dural suture.

Acute cervical spine injury.

Ninety eight patients with cervical spine trauma were analysed. They were 78 males and 20 females ranging in age from 6 to 78 years with an average of 35.4 years. These patients were admitted into Siriraj Hospital during 1977 to 1984. The automobile accident appeared to be the most common cause of cervical spine injury, found in approximately 63% of the cases. The cases of cervical spine trauma were classified on the basis of mechanism of injury and all these patients had radiographic examinations which were studied in detail. Flexion type of injury was found in 42% of the patients had was the most common type of injury. Cervicocranial injuries were found in 29% of the patients and were the next most common occurrence. Vertebral body and vertebral arch were the most frequent sites of the injury while the distribution of the injuries by the level tended to occur quite commonly in lower cervical segments. Among these patients, there were 69 patients (70%) with neurological deficit. Radiographic feature of all types of cervical spine injuries is discussed in detail and the useful radiographic examination of the cervical spine in the emergency room is recommended.