RESUMO
Objective To explore whether inhibiting autophagy can enhance the sensitivity of photothermal treatment under mild photothermal conditions. Methods CQ@PLGA@PDA NPs were prepared by an improved double emulsification method and a PDA-based surface modification method. After basic characterization, CCK-8 method was used to detect the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles; the near-infrared laser irradiation nanoparticle solution was used to detect the heating effect; CCK-8 method and live-dead cell staining were used to detect the killing effect of tumor cells; Western blot was used to detect the expression of autophagy-related proteins. Results The CQ@PLGA@PDA NPs were successfully prepared, with a particle size of 253.10±2.39 nm, a zeta potential of -22.57±0.80 mV, uniform particle size and good dispersion. The temperature of nanoparticle solution increased to 45℃ after the near-infrared laser irradiation for 10 min. CQ@PLGA@PDA NPs had no obvious toxicity to cells. The survival rates of breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH-3T3 cell were above 95%. The inhibition of autophagy under mild photothermal conditions could improve the sensitivity of photothermal therapy. Conclusion The prepared CQ@PLGA@PDA NPs have good photothermal performance and high biological safety; by inhibiting autophagy, they can effectively kill tumor cells under mild photothermal conditions(< 50℃).
RESUMO
A autofagia é uma via metabólica essencial para a manutenção da homeostase celular, e pode desempenhar diferentes papéis dentro do contexto fisiológico e patológico. Por este motivo tem sido foco de muitos estudos por ser um alvo terapêutico promissor, principalmente contra o câncer, onde atua de maneira ambígua, podendo suprimir ou promover o tumor de acordo com o contexto. Compreender a base molecular desse mecanismo é de interesse emergente para se alcançar terapias eficazes utilizando a modulação da autofagia. Neste trabalho, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura para abordar o papel da autofagia na biologia do câncer e como ela pode ser usada como estratégia terapêutica antitumoral através de sua ativação ou inibição no tratamento de vários tipos e estágios do câncer.
Autophagy is an essential metabolic pathway for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and may play different roles within the physiological and pathological context. For this reason, it has been the focus of many studies because it is a promising therapeutic target, especially against cancer, in which plays a duo role, and it may suppress or promote the tumor according to the context. Understanding the molecular basis of this mechanism is an emerging interest to provide effective therapies using autophagy modulation. In this paper, we performed a literature review to address the role of autophagy in cancer biology and how it can be used as an antitumoral therapeutic strategy through its activation or inhibition to treat various types and stages of cancer.