Relación de los niveles plasmáticos de homocisteína y apolipoproteína b-100 con el riesgo cardiovascular / Relationship of plasma levels of homocysteine and apolipoprotein b-100 with cardiovascular risk

INTRODUCCION: las enfermedades cardiovasculares son responsables del 31% de la mortalidad mundial, existen parámetros como la homocisteína y la Apolipoproteína B-100 que podrían tener utilidad en la predicción del riesgo. OBJETIVO: relacionar los niveles plasmáticos de Homocisteína y Apolipoproteína B-100 con el riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes que acuden a consulta externa del Hospital Univalle, durante julio-agosto del 2018 METODOLOGIA: el presente estudio es no experimental observacional, tipo prospectivo, transversal, con un enfoque de análisis positivista cuantitativo, con un universo de (N=133) que se redujo a una unidad de análisis de 81, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión con un 6.83% de error máximo aceptable. RESULTADOS: el 52% de los pacientes fueron mujeres. La edad media de fue de 49,8 (Rango 25 a 83), el grupo etario predominante fueron los adultos mayores. Según el IMC los sujetos de estudio presentan sobre peso (n=31) y grado de obesidad 1 (n=24) más frecuentemente. Los niveles plasmáticos elevados de Apolipoproteína B en ambos sexos no muestran una diferencia significativa, mientras en que los de homocisteína la diferencia fue de 8:1. Se constato que los niveles séricos de la Apolipoproteína B-100 tienen una sensibilidad y especificidad bajas del 19.40% y 28.42%, mientas los de la homocisteína fueron del 14.29% y 27.27% respectivamente en comparación con la técnica convencional. CONCLUSIONES: los niveles plasmáticos de homocisteína y Apolipoproteína B-100 no son parámetros predictores de padecer riesgo cardiovascular

INTRODUCTION: cardiovascular diseases are responsible for 31% of world mortality, there are parameters such as homocysteine and Apolipoprotein B-100 that could be useful in predicting risk. OBJECTIVE: to relate the plasma levels of Homocysteine and Apolipoprotein B-100 with cardiovascular risk in patients who attend the outpatient clinic of the Univalle Hospital, during July-August 2018. METHODOLOGY: this study is non-experimental, observational, prospective, cross-sectional, with a quantitative positivist analysis approach, with a universe of (N=133) that was reduced to an analysis unit of 81, who met the inclusion criteria. and exclusion with a 6.83% maximum acceptable error. RESULTS: 52% of the patients were women. The mean age was 49.8 (range 25 to 83), the predominant age group was the elderly. According to the BMI, the study subjects are overweight (n=31) and obesity grade 1 (n=24) more frequently. The elevated plasmatic levels of Apolipoprotein B in both sexes do not show a significant difference, while in those of homocysteine the difference was 8:1. It was found that the serum levels of Apolipoprotein B-100 have a low sensitivity and specificity of 19.40% and 28.42%, while those of homocysteine were 14.29% and 27.27% respectively compared to the conventional technique. CONCLUSIONS: plasma levels of homocysteine and Apolipoprotein B-100 are not predictors of cardiovascular risk.

A potent multivalent vaccine for modulation of immune system in atherosclerosis: an in silico approach

PURPOSE: Atherosclerosis is classically defined as an immune-mediated disease characterized by accumulation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol over intima in medium sized and large arteries. Recent studies have demonstrated that both innate and adaptive immune responses are involved in atherosclerosis. In addition, experimental and human models have recognized many autoantigens in pathophysiology of this disease. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins, beta2 glycoprotein I (beta-2-GPI), and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) are the best studied of them which can represent promising approach to design worthwhile vaccines for modulation of atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In silico approaches are the best tools for design and evaluation of the vaccines before initiating the experimental study. In this study, we identified immunogenic epitopes of HSP60, ApoB-100, and beta-2-GPI as major antigens to construct a chimeric protein through bioinformatics tools. Additionally, we have evaluated physico-chemical properties, structures, stability, MHC binding properties, humoral and cellular immune responses, and allergenicity of this chimeric protein by means of bioinformatics tools and servers. RESULTS: Validation results indicated that 89.1% residues locate in favorite or additional allowed region of Ramachandran plot. Also, based on Ramachandran plot analysis this protein could be classified as a stable fusion protein. In addition, the epitopes in the chimeric protein had strong potential to induce both the B-cell and T-cell mediated immune responses. CONCLUSION: Our results supported that this chimeric vaccine could be effectively utilized as a multivalent vaccine for prevention and modulation of atherosclerosis.

Experimental study of Apobec-1 recombinant adenovirus in treatment of renal hyperlipemia / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective To explore the effect of the liver acquired expression of apolipoprotein B editing catalytic polypeptide-1 (Apobec-1) on hyperlipidemia of renal disease. Methods Thirty healthy ordinary level male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group, nephropathy group, and Apobec-1 treatment group (Each group has 10 rabbits). Adapt feeding for one week, nephropathy group and Apobec-1 treat-ment group underwent left nephrectomy, and one week later, adriamycin (4 mg / kg) was used to construct the ne-phropathy model by ear vein injection. The eleventh week after operation, apobec-1 recombinant adenovirus (1 × 1013 Virus/ kg) was injected by ear vein in apobec-1 treatment group. The twelfth week after operation, all rabbits were sacrificed. Right kidney, liver, blood and 24h urine were left. In three groups, 24 hour urinary protein (24UPr), albumin (Alb), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), blood lipid were detected. Renal pa-thology was observed by HE staining. Expressions of liver apobec-1, apolipoprotein B48(ApoB48)were observed by Western blot. Results ① Compared with the sham operation group, nephropathy group showed that 24UPr, BUN, Cr, total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) were increased(P < 0. 05), but Alb was decreased(P <0. 05). ② Compared with the nephropathy group, Apobec-1 treatment group showed that TC, TG, VLDL-C, LDL-C, ApoB100, ApoB48 were decreased(P < 0. 05). ③ Compared with the sham operation group, Apobec-1 treat-ment group showed that 24UPr, BUN, Cr were increased( P < 0. 05), but Alb, ApoB48 were decreased( P <0. 05). ④ Compared with the sham operation group and nephropathy group, Apobec-1 treatment group showed that the expression of Apobec-1 and ApoB48 were up-regulated (P < 0. 01). Conclusion When liver aquires expres-sion of Apobec-1 in hyperlipidemia of renal disease, it can reconstruct ApoB mRNA, increase the synthesis of ApoB48-lipoprotein, and play a certain lipid-lowering effect.

Age-Dependent Effect of Cyclic Feeding Regimen on the Level of Serum Apolipoproteins in Young and Old Rats.

the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of intermittent fasting (IF) on the content of blood serum apolipoproteins in young and old animals and to ascertain whether there exist adaptation mechanisms to this dietary regimen. Study design: young (3-month) and old (20-month) rats were individually housed and randomly assigned to one of five groups (with 10 rats per group): (AL) - fed ad libitum; (IF1) - provided access to a limited amount of food (4g/100g and 2g/100g of food/body weight for young and old rats, respectively) every other day for 10 days; (R1) - refeeded ad libitum for 20 days after IF1; (IF2) - provided the same regimen as for IF1, but after successive IF1 and R1; (R2) - refeeded ad libitum for 10 days after IF2. Methodology: plasma proteins were separated by one dimensional SDS-PAGE using a 7.5-15% gradient separating gel. Results: IF1 with 30% weight loss resulted in ~28% and ~24% decrease and ~121% increase in serum apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100), and apolipoprotein E (apoE) levels of young rats, respectively, and after R1 the level of these proteins was characterized by ~37%, ~66%, ~22% increase in comparison with control. IF1 and R1 in old animals were followed by ~53% increase in apoE content and ~13% decrease in the amount of apoB. IF2 was coupled with ~32% decrease in apoA-I level and ~133% increase in apoE concentration in young animals and ~39% and ~38% decrease in apoA-I and apoB-100 level in old animals, respectively. R2 produced ~48% and ~49% increase in apoA-I and apoE levels of young rats, respectively, and to ~31% increase in apoA-I content of old rats. Conclusion: the main outcome reached is the identification of differences in the effects of the dietary regimen during reapplication on apoE and apoB-100 serum levels in old animals and on apoA-I level in the case of young animals.

Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Low Density Lipoprotein Subfraction, Adiponectin and Apolipoprotein B in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

BACKGROUND: Omega-3 fatty acids derived from fish oil have been reported to exert a beneficial effect on reducing cardiovascular disease. Reports about their mechanism have generated several interesting findings, including a change in small dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL) cholesterol proportion, adiponectin, and apolipoprotein B (apoB), in addition to changes in the lipid profile. The principal objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on plasma sdLDL, adiponectin, apoB100, and B48 in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertriglyceridemia. METHODS: We randomized 28 type 2 diabetic patients in a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to receive either omega-3 fatty acids or placebo, both administered at a dose of 4 g daily for 12 weeks. LDL subfractions prior to and after treatment were separated via low-speed ultracentrifugation and analyzed via immunoelectrophoresis. Adiponectin, apoB100, and B48 levels were measured using an ELISA kit. RESULTS: sdLDL proportions were reduced in the omega-3 fatty acids group by 11% after 12 weeks of treatment (n = 17, P = 0.001), and were reduced by 4% in the control group (n = 11, P = 0.096). The patients receiving the omega-3 fatty acids evidenced a significant reduction in the levels of triglyceride (P = 0.001), apoB100, and B48 after 12 weeks (P = 0.038 and P = 0.009, respectively) relative to the baseline. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation increased fasting blood glucose (P = 0.011), but the levels of HbA1c in each group did not change to a statistically significance degree. The adiponectin value was not reduced in the omega-3 fatty acids group (P = 0.133); by way of contrast, the placebo group evidenced a significant reduction in adiponectin value after 12 weeks (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Omega-3 fatty acid treatment proved effective in the reduction of atherogenic sdLDL and apoB in type 2 diabetic patients (Clinical trials reg. no. NCT 00758927, clinicaltrials.gov).

Relación entre tipo y cantidad de carbohidratos dietarios con el perfil lipídico y ApoB100 en adultos / Relationship between the type and quantity of dietary carbohydrates, and the lipid profile and ApoB100 in adults / Relação entre o tipo e a quantidade de carboidratos na dieta e o perfil lipídico e ApoB100 em adultos

Objetivo. Establecer si existe relación entre el tipo y la cantidad de carbohidratos dietarios consumidos habitualmente con los niveles plasmáticos de lípidos, lipoproteínas y apolipoproteína B100 (ApoB100) Materiales y métodos. La muestra estuvo conformada por la base de datos de 144 de profesores de la Universidad Javeriana que previamente hicieron parte de otra investigación y de la cual se empleo la información sobre su alimentación, niveles plasmáticos de lípidos, lipoproteínas y ApoB100. Para determinar la relación entre las variables dependientes e independientes se realizó análisis de correlación simple y múltiple, en los casos de no correlación, se aplicó la prueba Chi² de independencia para relacionar el consumo de carbohidratos totales, azúcares y fibra total. Adicionalmente el análisis de varianza de un factor comparó los niveles de lípidos, lipoproteínas y ApoB100 con el consumo de carbohidratos totales, azúcares y fibra. Resultados. 76 hombres y 68 mujeres. La mayor parte de la población consume por encima de la recomendación diaria de carbohidratos totales, los hombres presentaron mayor consumo de carbohidratos tipo azúcares y más elevados los niveles plasmáticos de triglicéridos y lipoproteínas de muy baja densidad (VLDL), mientras que mujeres presentaron niveles más elevados en sus lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL). Al relacionar gramos de cada tipo de carbohidratos, con los niveles de lípidos, lipoproteínas y ApoB100 no se encontró correlación significativa para ninguno de los casos (p>0,05). Conclusión. No se encontró relación significativa entre el tipo y la cantidad de carbohidratos consumidos con los niveles plasmáticos de lípidos, lipoproteínas y ApoB100.

Objective. To establish if there is any relationship between the type and amount of dietary carbohydrates commonly consumed and the plasmatic levels of lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100). Materials and methods. The final sample was conformed by the database of 144 lecturers of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana who had previously participated in another survey and from which we used information on their food habits, plasmatic lipid levels, lipoproteins and ApoB100. To determine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables, simple and multiple correlation analyses were done. In the cases of no correlation we applied the independence Chi² test to find the relationship with the consumption of total carbohydrates, sugars and total fiber. Additionally, with a one-factor analysis of variance we compared plasmatic levels of lipids, lipoproteins and ApoB100 with the consumption of total carbohydrates, sugars and fiber. Results. Most of the population consumes above the daily total carbohydrate recommendation, men presented greater carbohydrate consumption of the type of sugars and more elevated plasmatic levels of triglycerides and lipoproteins of investivery low density (VLDL), whereas women presented higher levels of their high density lipoproteins (HDL). When relating grams of each type of carbohydrates with the levels of lipids, lipoproteins and ApoB100, no significant correlation was found for any of the cases (p>0,05). Conclusion. There was no significant relationship between the type and amount of carbohydrates consumed with the plasmatic levels of lipids, lipoproteins and Apo B100.

Objetivo. Estabelecer a possível relação entre o tipo e a quantidade de carboidratos na dieta normalmente consumida com os níveis plasmáticos de lipídios, lipoproteínas e apolipoproteína B100 (ApoB100). Materiais e métodos. A amostra consistiu de um banco de dados de 144 professores da "Universidad Javeriana" que anteriormente fizeram parte de outra pesquisa, e da qual foi utilizada a informação sobre sua alimentação, os níveis plasmáticos de lipídios, lipoproteínas e ApoB100. Para determinar a relação entre as variáveis dependentes e independentes foi realizada uma análise de correlação simples e múltipla, em casos de ausência de correlação foi usado o teste do Chi² de independência para relacionar o consumo dos carboidratos totais, açúcares e fibra total. Além disso, a análise de variância de um fator comparou os níveis de lipídios, lipoproteínas e ApoB100 com o consumo de carboidratos totais, açúcares e fibras. Resultados. 76 homens e 68 mulheres. A maior parte da população consome acima da dose diária recomendada de carboidratos totais, os homens apresentaram maior consumo de carboidratos tipo açúcares, e mais elevados os níveis plasmáticos de triglicérides e lipoproteínas de muito baixa densidade (VLDL), enquanto que as mulheres apresentaram níveis mais elevados em lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL). Ao relacionar gramas de cada tipo de carboidratos com os níveis de lipídios, lipoproteínas e ApoB100, nenhuma correlação significativa foi encontrada para qualquer um dos casos (p> 0,05). Conclusão. Nenhuma relação significativa foi encontrada entre o tipo e a quantidade de carboidratos consumida com os níveis plasmáticos de lipídios, lipoproteínas e ApoB100.

STUDIES ON EPITOPES OF HUMAN PLASMA APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100 / 中国免疫学杂志

Competitive fluid phase radioimmu-noassay was conducted with eightanti-apoB-100 monoclonal antibodieswhich had been established in our laboratory.We found thatthere were at least three differenttypes of epitopes on the hydratedsurface of the lipoproteins-VLDL,IDL and LDL.These observations were of certainsignificance in studies on antigenicstructures of apoB,as well asassays for apoB in various fractionsof lipoproteins.