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El análisis de los orificios de entrada por proyectil de arma de fuego en una autopsia médico legal representa un importante papel en la determinación de la forma y causa de muerte en casos relacionados con armas de fuego. Su valoración puede proporcionar información valiosa sobre las características del arma utilizada, la distancia entre el arma de fuego y la víctima, entre otros factores que contribuyen a la investigación. El fenómeno de ''cola de cometa" observado en ciertos orificios de entrada es poco frecuente y conocido. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este artículo es investigar las características y mecanismos de producción de los orificios de entrada con este fenómeno, proporcionando información sobre su formación, las posibles implicaciones y consideraciones médico legales a tomar en cuenta para su diagnóstico de esta causa de muerte. Se presenta un reporte de caso que destaca la descripción del fenómeno de ''cola de cometa" en una investigación forense de la vida real, proporcionando información valiosa sobre su utilidad y potencial para mejorar la precisión del análisis de heridas de bala. Se realizó revisión de artículos científicos, sobre orificios de entrada en heridas por proyectil de arma de fuego con el fenómeno de ''cola de cometa".
The analysis of firearm projectile entry holes in a medicolegal autopsy plays an important role in determining the manner and cause of death in cases involving firearms. The assessment can provide valuable information about the characteristics of the weapon used, the distance between the firearm and the victim, among other factors that contribute to the investigation. The ''comet tail" phenomenon observed in certain entry holes is rare and well known. Therefore, the objective of this article is to investigate the characteristics and mechanisms of production of the entrance orifices with this phenomenon, providing information about their formation, the possible implications, and medical-legal considerations to be taken into account for the diagnosis of this cause of death. A case report is presented highlighting the description of the ''comet tail" phenomenon in a real-life forensic investigation, providing valuable insight into its utility and potential to improve the accuracy of gunshot wound analysis. A review of scientific articles was carried out on entry holes in gunshot wounds with the "comet tail" phenomenon.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/diagnóstico por imagem , Balística Forense , Costa RicaRESUMO
Atrophic vaginitis is a common condition that occurs in post menopause due to the deficiency of estrogen. The condition Atrophic vaginitis is defined as atrophy of the vaginal epithelium due to decreased estrogen levels. This common menopausal condition which is often underreported and under diagnosed is caused by estrogen related changes to the vaginal epithelium and can adversely affect quality of life. Atrophic vaginitis is a common condition in postmenopausal women experience due to estrogen deficiency that causes involution of the vaginal tissue, leading to vaginal dryness, burning sensation in vagina and dyspareunia, the atrophy of the vulvovaginal structures occurs due to estrogen deficiency. Among them Sushka yoniroga can be most suitably correlated with Atrophic vaginitis. The management principle of Atrophic vaginitis includes Vathika yoniroga chikitsa, along with Sthanika chikitsa. Treatment mainly aims at Vatapittasamana, Brimhana, Balya and natural supplementation of estrogen containing drugs. Sthanika chikitsa like Yonipooranam, Pichu dharanam, etc can be done in Atrophic vaginitis. Sthanika chikitsa which is of prime importance in the management of Streeroga facilitates absorption of drugs through the vagina as the walls and adjacent tissues are highly vascular, where the medicines are administered intra vaginally. In the present case, Yonipoorana as Sthanika chikitsa as tried. A 54 year old lady was presented with complaints of burning sensation in vagina and pain during sexual intercourse. The vaginal examination was painful and the walls are found inflamed, she was diagnosed with Atrophic vaginitis. She was sent to cytological screening. The reports revealed high grade parabasal cells and low grade superficial cells. The maturation index was found 60/25/5 vaginal pH was 5.3. Pap smear was done which was negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy. Dasapaka Bala tailam was administered intravaginally for 7 days in 3 consecutive months. During follow up she was relieved from the symptoms like burning sensation in vagina and pain during sexual intercourse. From this case report, it shows that Yonipoorana with Dasapaka Bala tailam is effective for the management of Atrophic vaginitis.
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We are spiritual beings with human experience, but how can we realize that we are spiritual beings is a tedious task for which the whole world is trying for ages. Spiritual world starts from Kundalini, Chakras, 5 Tatva etc origin of all connects us with our spiritual self but it's very complicated and needs lot of hand holding from an enlightened Guru. We have created a structure where a simple analogy when connected to few breathing exercises and touching the point again and again with Beejmantra invokes the spiritual being inside. Thus the spiritual being outside the body can be identified and thus can be connected. While studying neuroscience several micro networks were observed in the human body by scientists, human health has deep connection with immunity, inner peace, justice and happiness. Behavior has become increasingly prominent in psychological theory of biological models, especially in neuro-imaging tools development. Thus one can realize that every particle bears intelligence and there is a cumulative intelligence which governs the course of action of one single particle, creator of Intelligence is the spiritual being who created the cosmos. This thought when applied time and again connected everyone on a divine knowledge path where everything starts connecting and the person becomes a master of all traits. Connecting soul seat increased conversion of air, fire & water to Pran, Tej & Oaj and reduced Vaat, Pitta & Kapha thus Bala increased and body attained strong immunity against diseases and longevity. Resistance against disease increased on physical, mental, emotional & spiritual level. Thus connecting with soul seat, its understanding and how and where it influences the society is the scope of the study.
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OBJECTIVE@#To establish an animal model of acute B lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with minimal residual disease.@*METHODS@#The transplanted tumor was formed by subcutaneous injection of 2×107 Nalm-6 cells, and the body weight, activity status and tumor formation status of nude mice were observed. Peripheral blood, bone marrow, liver and spleen and other tissues of nude mice were taken for pathological examination to understand whether the success of subcutaneous modeling was accompanied by systemic metastasis.@*RESULTS@#There were 2×107 Nalm-6 cells injected subcutaneously in nude mice, (11.0±2.5) days later, the tumors of (3-4) × (3-4) mm were observed, the body weight of the nude mice was reduced and activity showed no limited. Infiltration of tumor cells in liver, spleen and bone marrow were observed in pathological sections.@*CONCLUSION@#The animal model of subcutaneous tumor of B-ALL was successfully established in nude mice.
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Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Peso Corporal , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Camundongos Nus , Transplante de Neoplasias , Neoplasia Residual , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células PrecursorasRESUMO
RESUMEN La estabilidad de la pelvis y el tronco, dada por la actividad de los músculos de la región, representa un factor importante para la correcta ejecución de la técnica deportiva y la prevención de lesiones en lanzadores paralímpicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar a través de electromiografía de superficie, la actividad muscular del recto abdominal, oblicuo externo del abdomen y erector de la columna, vientres longuísimo e iliocostal, durante el lanzamiento de bala desde silla, en 4 atletas paralímpicos (2 con lesión en miembros inferiores y 2 con lesión medular). La electromiografía evidenció variaciones en los patrones de activación, el tiempo de ejecución y la amplitud de la señal, acorde a la condición de discapacidad y el grado de afectación del tronco. Esto permitió tener un panorama más real de las acciones musculares durante el gesto deportivo y la detección de opciones de mejora para los deportistas.
ABSTRACT The stability of the pelvis and trunk, given by the activity of the muscles in the region, represents an important factor for the correct execution of the sports technique and the prevention of injuries in Paralympic throwers. The objective of this study was to analyze, through surface electromyography the muscular activity of the rectus abdominis, external oblique of the abdomen and erector spinae, longuissimus and iliocostal bellies, during the shot put from a chair; in 4 Paralympic athletes (2 with lower limb injury and 2 with spinal cord injury). Electromyography showed variations in activation patterns, execution time and amplitude of the signal, according to the disability condition and the degree of trunk involvement. This allowed to have a more realistic panorama of the muscular actions during the sport gesture and the detection of improvement options for the athletes.
RESUMO A estabilidade da pélvis e do tronco, dada pela actividade dos músculos da região, representa um factor importante para a correcta execução da técnica desportiva e a prevenção de lesões nos lançadores paraolímpicos. O objectivo deste estudo foi analisar; através da electromiografía de superfície, a actividade muscular do recto abdominal, oblíquo externo do abdómen e erector da coluna vertebral, barriga muito comprida e iliocostal, durante o tiroteio em 4 atletas paraolímpicos (2 com lesão nos membros inferiores e 2 com lesão na medula espinal). A electromiografía mostrou variações nos padrões de activação, tempo de execução e amplitude do sinal, de acordo com a condição de incapacidade e o grau de envolvimento do tronco. Isto permitiu-nos ter uma imagem mais real das acções musculares durante o gesto desportivo e a detecção de opções de melhoria para os atletas.
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In essential hypertension, mainly Vata prakopa occurs, particularly Vyana vata as it is responsible for Rasa- rakta samvahana. By virtue of its Ruksha, Sheeta and Khara guna, Rasa-rakta vahini dhamanis are constricted, also its Ruksha guna dries the Malarupa kapha at the inner side of the vessels making them more rigid (Kathin). Vascular lumen may be reduced further leading to obstruction in it. So, for normal circulatory function, increased force of Vyana vayu is required resulting into Vyana bala Vaishamya and hence leading to the development of hypertension. The WHO rates hypertension as one of the most important causes of premature death worldwide. Worldwide, approximately 1 billion people have hypertension, contributing to more than 7.1 million deaths per year. The number of adults with hypertension in 2025 is predicted to increase by about 60% to a total of around 1.56 billion. In India, Cardiovascular diseases caused 2.3 million deaths in the year 1990; this is projected to double by the year 2020. Numbers of drugs are available in modern medicine to treat the disease in its symptomatically active state but still are unable to cure the hypertension. Hyper function of Vyana is considered under Vyana Bala Vaishamya which produces increased force in the wall of the channels (blood vessels) to produce the disease hypertension. In the present clinical trial ‘Punarnava Churna’ is orally administered for 1 month twice a day after food. 30 clinically diagnosed patients of hypertension were randomly selected and divided into two groups. BP, CBC, RBS, ECG, Blood urea, Serum creatinine and Lipid profile were done before and after the clinical trial. After completion of study signs and symptoms were controlled significantly and also there were significant changes in laboratory findings.
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Arthritis is a form of joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints. It is very common condition especially in women and older people. Ayurveda has contributed a lot for the management of arthritic conditions. The plant Bala, identified as Sida cordifolia Linn. is a widely used drug in many of the Ayurvedic formulations especially in those for arthritic conditions. Kashaya (decoction) is one of the commonly prescribed preparations in Ayurveda. Present study was aimed to assess the anti-arthritic activity of Kashaya (decoction) of root of Sida cordifolia Linn. by inhibition of protein denaturation method and Inhibition of proteinase enzyme activity. Kashaya of roots of Bala was prepared as per standard procedure and was used to induce protein denaturation in Bovine serum albumin and to inhibit the activity of proteinase enzyme, trypsin. The absorbance was read by spectrophotometer to evaluate the percentage of inhibition in both the procedures. Each experiment was done in triplicates. The results were compared with standard drug Diclofenac sodium. Sida cordifolia Linn. showed dose dependent inhibitory activity and highest activity was seen in 500µg/ml concentration in both the experiments. The result showed that root of Sida cordifolia Linn. is having anti-arthritic property. Further studies can be carried out with other formulations of Bala like Choorna (powder), Swarasa (juice) etc. to compare their anti-arthritic activity. The study supports the classical use of plant Bala in various formulations in the treatment of arthritis.
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Antecedentes: En los últimos años las heri-das por arma de fuego (HPAF) se han incre-mentado a nivel mundial; son la segunda causa de muerte traumática en adolescentes en los Estados Unidos. En Honduras se ha incrementado esta patología probablemente debido a factores de diversa índole tales como: desintegración familiar, desempleo, incorporación temprana a grupos delictivos, experiencias con drogas, difusión no contro-lada de actos violentos a través de medios de comunicación masivos y facilidad para adqui-sición de armas. Objetivo: Determinar los factores biológicos, sociales y económicos relacionados con HPAF en pacientes adoles-centes atendidos en la Emergencia de Pedia-tría del Hospital Mario Catarino Rivas (HMCR), en el período de julio 2015 -junio 2017. Pacientes y métodos: estudio des-criptivo, observacional, prospectivo, con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Resultados: la prevalencia fue de 4.1%. Entre los adolescentes con HPAF los factores biosocioeconómicos identificados a deser-ción escolar fueron: desintegración familiar, emancipación, pobreza, dependencia econó-mica familiar, asociación a grupos delictivos, uso de alcohol y tabaco. Conclusiones: En este estudio predomino el sexo masculino y el grupo etario mas afectado fueron los ado-lescentes. Una gran parte residían en San Pedro Sula y también hubo relación con el sitio geográfico del trauma el cual fue el mismo. Cabe señalar que no predominaron las complicaciones médicas, pero el principal móvil del trauma fueron los asaltos...(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Ferimentos e Lesões , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo , Delinquência Juvenil/legislação & jurisprudência , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Áreas de PobrezaRESUMO
Background: Sida L., is a medicinally important genus, the species of which are widely used in traditional systems of medicine in India. Pharmacologically, roots are known for anti‑tumor, anti‑HIV, hepatoprotective, and many other properties. Phenolic antioxidants help in reducing oxidative stress occurring during treatment of such diseases. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate and compare polyphenol contents and antioxidant properties of eight selected species of Sida from Western Ghats, India. Materials and Methods: Methanolic root extracts (10% w/v) of Sida species, viz., S. acuta, S. cordata, S. cordifolia, S. indica, S. mysorensis, S. retusa, S. rhombifolia, and S. spinosa were analyzed. Results: Sida cordifolia possessed highest total phenolic content (TPC: 1.92 ± 0.10 mg Caffeic Acid Equivalent/g and 2.13 ± 0.11 mg Tannic Acid Equivalant/g), total flavonoid content (TF: 2.60 ± 0.13 mg Quercetin Equivalent/g) and also possessed highest antioxidant activities in 2,2‑diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging (51.31 ± 2.57% Radical Scavenging Activity, (RSA); Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity: 566.25 ± 28.31μM; Ascorbic acid Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity: 477.80 ± 23.89 μM) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assays (TEAC: 590.67 ± 29.53 μM; AEAC: 600.67 ± 30.03 μM). Unlike DPPH and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) activity, 2, 2′‑Azinobis (3‑ethyl Benzo Thiazoline‑6‑Sulfonic acid) ABTS+ antioxidant activity was highest in S. indica (TEAC: 878.44 ± 43.92 μM; AEAC 968.44 ± 48.42 μM). It was significant to note that values of AEAC (μM) for all the antioxidant activities analyzed were higher than that of TEAC. Conclusion: The high contents of phenolic compounds in the root extracts of selected Sida species have direct correlation with their antioxidant properties. Conclusively, roots of S. cordifolia can be considered as the potential source of polyphenols and antioxidants.
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Medicinal and dietary substances have been used for various purposes including nutritional from time immemorial. Various activities such as immunomodulator, bulk promoting, nutritional, etc. that enhance strength, immunity, bulk of the body resulted by the use of medicinal or dietary substances are termed in total as Balya in Ayurveda. The term Balya originally stands for all those actions that enhance the “Bala”. The word “Bala” refers to the strength and ability of the body or part of the body to cope up with various physical stressors. This term “Bala” refers to various body components and functions as per the science of Ayurveda. Even in the presence of modern scientifi c knowledge regarding body strength, Ayurveda concepts add varied dimensions to provide detailed explanation of Balya term. The balya action is critically analyzed and discussed in this review.
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Resumen: Objetivos. Conocer las características epidemiológicas y radiológicas en TC, de las lesiones vasculares en pacientes que han sufrido heridas por arma de fuego (HAF), en el servicio de urgencia de un hospital público de Santiago-Chile, en un período de tres anos. Material y método. Revisión retrospectiva de 211 TC realizadas a pacientes ingresados al servicio de urgencia con diagnóstico de HAF entre 31/05/2009 y el 31/05/2012. Se incluyeron pacientes con TC dentro de las primeras 48 horas de ocurrido el evento, excluyendo los pacientes que por su condición clínica, fueron a intervención quirúrgica previa a la TC, obteniendo un N° final de 178. Se analizó la distribución según sexo, edad, tipo de lesión vascular, segmento topográfico afectado, tipo de proyectil y outcome de los pacientes. Resultados. El 96,8 por ciento (n°= 31) de los afectados fueron hombres, 71,8 por ciento menores de 36 años. El segmento más afectado correspondió a las EEII, con un 55,8 por ciento. El tipo de lesión que más frecuente fue el pseudoaneurisma y la hemorragia activa, con un 20,5 por ciento en cada caso. El tipo de proyectil que más frecuentemente se encontró, fueron las balas (65 por ciento) y en la gran mayoría de las veces, sin salida del proyectil. En nuestro grupo hubo un fallecido. Conclusión. Si bien el trauma vascular representa un bajo porcentaje dentro del total de las lesiones por trauma, su extrema gravedad, y por ende necesidad de diagnóstico certero y precoz, explica la importancia del conocimiento y familiarización que los radiólogos deberíamos tener con ese tipo de lesiones. Las extremidades son el principal sitio de lesiones vasculares por herida penetrante, alcanzando hasta el 70 por ciento en nuestro trabajo. En estos casos los exámenes imaginológicos muchas veces son sólo complementarios, porque clínicamente el diagnóstico está hecho, no así en las lesiones de vasos intratorácicos e intra-abdominales, donde las imágenes son indispensables para su...
Objectives. To determine the epidemiological and CT characteristics of vascular lesions in patients who have suffered gunshot wounds, in the emergency department of a public hospital in Santiago, Chile, over a period of three years. Material and Methods. Retrospective review of 211 CT performed on patients admitted to the emergency department with gunshot wounds, between 31/05/2009 and 31/05/2012. Patients with a CT within the first 48 hours after the event occurred were included, excluding patients who for their clinical condition, underwent surgery prior to the CT, obtaining a final number of 178. Distribution was analyzed by sex, age, type of vascular injury, topographic segment affected, projectile type and outcome of patients. Results. 96.8 percent (n° = 31) of those affected were men, 71.8 percent under 36 years. The most affected segment were to the lower extremities, with 55.8 percent. The most frequent type of injury was pseudoaneurysm and active hemorrhage, with 20.5 percent in each case. The type of projectile most frequently found were bullets (65 percent) and the majority, without projectile exit. In our group there was 1 death. Conclusion. Although vascular trauma represents a low percentage of total trauma injuries, their seriousness, and therefore the need for early and accurate diagnosis, explains the importance of the knowledge and familiarity that radiologists should have, with that kind of injury. Extremities are the main site of vascular injury caused by penetrating wounds, affecting up to 70 percent in our sample. In these cases CT examinations are often only complementary because the diagnosis is made clinically; this is not the case in intrathoracic and intraabdominal vessel injuries, where images are essential for diagnosis.
Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/epidemiologia , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/epidemiologia , Lesões do Sistema Vascular , Chile , Distribuição por Idade e Sexo , Estudos Retrospectivos , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/etiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Resistance to diseases or immunity against diseases is of two kinds i.e. the one which attenuate the manifested disease and other variety prevents the manifestation of diseases. During certain conditions, or due to certain factors, even unwholesome food does not produce diseases immediately. All unwholesome food articles are not equally harmful, all dosas are not equally powerful, and all persons are not capable of resisting diseases. Over obese individual; over emaciated person; whose muscles and blood are diminished markedly; debilitated person; one who consumes unwholesome food; one who consumes less amount of food; whose mental faculties are weak; on the other hand, individuals having opposite type of physical constitution are capable of resisting diseases. Factors which contribute for vyadhikshamatva are normal dosa, equilibrium state of dhatu, normal agni, patency of srotas etc. or factors which supports the equilibrium state of all physiological parameters. Innate immunity may be correlated to sahaja bala described in Ayurveda. Kalaja anad yuktikrita bala may be correlated to acquired immunity. Present article through light on the concept of immunity vis-a vis vyadhiksamatwa. Author has collected many references regarding how to enhance immunity and keep body disease free by adopting ayurvedic principles.
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OBJETIVO - Avaliar os resultados da valvoplastia percutânea por cateter baläo (VPCB) na estenose sub-aórtica em membrana (ESAM). MÉTODOS - Sete pacientes com diagnóstico de ESAM foram submetidos a VPCB por via retrógada. Estudos hemdinâmicos e angiográficos foram realizados antes e após o procedimento. A relaçäo baläo/anel variou de 0,9 a 1,05. RESULTADOS - O gradiente sistólico (GS) entre o ventrículo esquerdo (VE) e a aorta foi reduzido de 57,8ñ 11,6 para 22,0ñ8,6mmHg (p<0,001) e a pressäo sistólicaem VE de 154,5ñ30,3 para 118,7ñ18,4mmHG(p<0,001). Um paciente paresentou oclusäo arterial necessitando de embolectomia cirúrgica e um outro apresentou insuficiência mitral severa aliada a insuficiência aórtica (IAo), requerendo plastia cirúrgica. Näo tivemos mortalidade. Quatro pacientes tiveram seguimento de 11ñ10 meses: o GS pelo ecocardiograma foi de 34ñ7mmHG e näo houve progressäo de o. CONCLUSÄO: A VPCB é um procedimento eficaz na reduçäo imediata de gradiente subaórtico, com morbidade aceitável e com manutençäo dos resultados a curto prazo. Consideramos como uma alternativa válida na abordagem inicial dos pacientes com ESAM.
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Humanos , Cateterismo , Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Seguimentos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Objetivo - Mostrar a experiência inicial do Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundaçäo Universitária de Cardiologia no tratamento da estenose aórtica congênita através da valvuloplastia percutânea com baläo. Métodos - Vinte e quatro pacientes foram submetidos ao procedimento, sendo 14 do sexo masculino e 10 do feminino. A idade variou de 4 dias a 17 anos, com média de 7 anos. Quatro pacientes tinham idade inferior a 30 dias e três pacientes tinham valvotomia cirúrgica prévia. A técnica retrógrada da valvuloplastia aórtica percutânea foi empregada em todos os pacientes. Resultados - O gradiente transvalvular sistólico pico a pico foi reduzido de 65,96 ñ 22,68mmHg para 27,08 ñ 18,74mmHg. O procedimento resultou em insuficiência aórtica em sete pacientes e aumento do grau em dois pacientes. Um paciente apresentou parada cárdio-respiratória que respondeu às manobras de ressuscitaçäo cardiopulmonar, tendo alta hospitalar sem qualquer seqüela. Trombose femoral aguda ocorreu em cinco pacientes e hemorragia no local da punçäo em um único paciente. Conclusäo - A valvuloplastia por cateter-baläo produz uma efetiva reduçäo do gradiente sistólico constituindo-se numa terapia efetiva e segura em pacientes com estenose valvular aórtica congênita, porém avaliaçäo dos resultados a longo prazo é necessária para conclusäo mais definitiva
Purpose - To show the initial experience of Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul in the treatment of congenital valvular aortic stenosis with percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty. Methods - Twenty four patients were submitted to the procedure, 14 mules and 10 females. The mean age 7 years (4 days - 17 years). Four patients were aged below 30 days and three patients had previous surgical valvuloplasty. The percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty were made the retrograde approach in all patients. Results - The peak systolic pressure gradient was reducted from 65,96 ± 22,68 to 27,08 ± 18,74 mmHg The procedure resulted in aortic regurgitation in seven patients and worsened aortic regurgitation in two patients. One patient had cardiac arrest that was reverted by cardiopulmonary ressuscitation, this patient had hospital discharge without sequel. Five patients had acute femural artery thrombosis, and hemorrhage in the site of puncture happened in one patient. Conclusion - The percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty results in effective reduction of the peak systolic pressure gradient, it is a save and effective therapy in patients with congenital valvular aortic stenosis. Further evaluation of the long term results are necessary for definitive conclusions