The Effect of Balance Exercise Training on Balance Status, and Quality of Life in Elderly Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

@#Introduction: Balance disorder is one of the huge risk factors for falling in elderly population. Falling leads to loss of independence of their functioning and activities of daily living. Preventing falls still exists as a challenge in public health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of balance exercise training on balance status, and quality of life in elderly women. Methods: In the study, 60 elderly women with dizziness and history of falling over the past 6-12 months were randomized allocated into experimental and control group. Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Romberg tests, Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Fall Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), and Leiden-Padua (LEIPAD) questionnaires were performed before and after training period in experimental group and compared to control group. Experimental group attended Cawthorne-cooksey (CC) and strengthening the sensory-motor system training in two-hour sessions twice in a week for 8 weeks. The repeated measure (one way and two way) ANOVA, independent-samples t-test, Bayesian Model, and ROC curve were applied to analysis the data using SPSS v.25. Results: Compared with the control group, BBS test result in 97% percent of the experimental group obtained normal. Experimental group improved significantly in the mean scores (ps<0.001) of BBS, Romberg, DHI, FES-I and some dimensions of life quality in LEIPAD. Conclusion: Balance exercises training (CC & strengthening the sensory-motor system) may induce significant improvements in balance and can be used for prevention or treatment in elderly people; further research is required to assess the long-term consequences of such interventions in elderly

Clinical Observation of Acupuncture plus Rehabilitation for Lower-limb Dysfunction Due to Different Types of Ataxia After Stroke / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy ofXing Nao Kai Qiao(brain-awakening orifice-opening) needling method plus Frenkel's balance rehabilitation exercise in treating lower-limb dysfunction due to different types of ataxia after stroke.MethodA total of 115 eligible patients were randomized into two groups. Fifty-seven cases in the treatment group were intervened by Xing Nao Kai Qiaoneedling plus rehabilitation training; 58 cases in the control group were intervened byXing Nao Kai Qiaoneedling method alone. Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was adopted to evaluate the symptoms, balance function, and therapeutic efficacy before and after the treatment.Result In the treatment group, the markedly effective rate was respectively 72.2%, 83.3% and 61.1% in the cerebella subtype, brainstem subtype and basal ganglia subtype, and the total effectiverate was respectively 100.0%, 94.4% and 94.4%; in the control group, the markedly effective rate was respectively 21.1%, 35.0% and 58.8%, and the total effective rate was respectively 94.7%, 85.0% and 82.4%, and the between-group differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After the treatment, the BBS score showed significant intra-group differences in both groups (P<0.01); the between-group comparisons showed that there were significant differences in comparing the scores of cerebella and brainstem subtypes after the treatment (P<0.05).ConclusionXing Nao Kai Qiaoneedling method plus Frenkel's rehabilitation exercise can effectively improve the symptoms of poststroke lower-limb ataxia, especially for cerebella and brainstem subtypes.

The effect of supervised and home based exercises on balance in elderly subjects: a randomized controlled trial to prevent falls / O efeito do exercício físico supervisionado e domiciliar sobre o equilíbrio de indivíduos idosos: ensaio clínico randomizado para prevenção de quedas

Abstract Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of a balance training program on the semi-static balance of elderly persons by comparing a supervised group with individual home-based application. Method: A blinded randomized controlled multi-arm trial was conducted. The elderly individuals were randomized into: Supervised Group (SG; n=18); Domiciliary Group (DG; n=20) and Control Group (CG; n=18). The SG and DG participated in twice weekly training sessions for 10 weeks. A posturography evaluation was performed based on velocity, anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) medial amplitude variables in firm surface with eyes open (FSEO) and closed (FSEC), tandem stance with eyes open (Tandem EO) and closed (Tandem EC), and single-leg stance (SL) situations. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc were used for parametric data, the Friedman and Wilcoxon post-hoc tests were used for intragroup analysis and the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney post-hoc tests were used for intergroup analysis. Results: In intergroup analysis, the DG group showed improvement in body sway in the Tandem EC (velocity and medial amplitude AP) and single-leg stance (medial amplitude ML) situations. The SG showed a decline in the Tandem EO situation in all the variables. In intergroup analysis, the DG showed improvement in the FSEO position (medial amplitude ML), in the Tandem EC position (medial velocity ML), and the single-leg stance position (medial amplitude AP and ML). The SG showed improvement in the FSEO position (medial amplitude ML) and the single-leg stance position (medial amplitude AP), but showed a decline in the FSEO (variable medial velocity AP) and Tandem EO position (medial amplitude AP). Conclusion: The exercises were beneficial for the balance of the elderly individuals, with the DG presenting the best results. REBEC: RBR-3S9M65.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de um programa de treinamento sobre o equilíbrio semiestático de idosos, comparando a forma de aplicação supervisionada em grupo e individual domiciliar. Método: Ensaio clínico cego randomizado controlado com múltiplos braços. Idosos randomizados em Grupo Supervisionado (GS; n=18); Grupo Domiciliar (GD; n=20) e Grupo Controle (GC; n=18). O GS e o GD participaram do treinamento por 10 semanas, duas vezes por semana. O equilíbrio foi avaliado pela posturografia [variáveis velocidade e amplitude média antero-posterior (AP) e médio-lateral (ML)] nas situações: plataforma fixa olhos abertos (PFOA), plataforma fixa olhos fechados (PFOF), tandem olhos abertos (Tandem OA), tandem olhos fechados (Tandem OF) e Unipodal. ANOVA two-way e post-hoc de Tukey foram utilizados nos dados paramétricos, teste de Friedman e post-hoc de Wilcoxon para análise intragrupos e teste de Kruskal-Wallis e post-hoc de Mann-Whitney para análise intergrupos. Resultados: Na análise intragrupo, o GD apresentou melhora na oscilação corporal pós-treinamento nas posições Tandem OF (velocidade e amplitude média AP) e Unipodal (amplitude média ML). O GS apresentou piora na posição Tandem OA em todas as variáveis. Na análise intergrupo, o GD apresentou melhora na posição PFOA (amplitude média ML), Tandem OF (velocidade média ML) e Unipodal (amplitude média AP e ML). Já o GS apresentou melhora na posição PFOA (amplitude média ML) e Unipodal (amplitude média AP), contudo apresentou piora na posição PFOA (variável velocidade média AP) e na Tandem OA (amplitude média AP). Conclusão: Os exercícios proporcionaram benefícios para o equilíbrio dos idosos investigados, embora o GD tenha apresentado os melhores resultados. REBEC: RBR-3S9M65.

Marcha e equilíbrio em idosos institucionalizados: avaliação prée pós-exercícios físicos / March and balance in institucionalized elderly: evaluation pre and post exercises program

O envelhecimento humano deve ser compreendido em toda a sua amplitude e totalidade, uma vez que é um fenômeno biológico universal com consequências psicológicas e sociais das mais diversas, o que caracteriza uma etapa da vida. Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar e comparar a marcha e o equilíbrio de idosos institucionalizados pré- e pós-programa de exercícios físicos. Trata-se de um estudo quase experimental, realizado com 15 idosos residentes em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos localizada no município de Passo Fundo (RS). Os idosos foram avaliados por meio do Índice de Tinetti. Para a comparação das variáveis, foi utilizado o teste de Wilcoxon, adotando-se nível de significância de 5% (p ≤ 0,05).

Human aging must be understood in all its breadth and totality, since it is a universal biological phenomenon with psychological and social consequences of the most diverse, featuring a stage of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the gait and balance pre institutionalized elderly and post exercise program. This is a quasi-experimental study involving 15 elderly residents in a long-stay institution for the Elderly located in Passo Fundo/RS. The elderly were assessed using the Tinetti Index. To compare the variables we used the Wilcoxon test, adopting a significance level of 5% (p ≤ 0,05).

Fall related self-efficacy among elderly: a comparison of resistance training with balance exercise.

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of individualized progressive resistance strength training (PRT) program in improving the confidence level among the institutionalized elderly with balance impairment, in comparison with traditional balance exercise (TBE), and combination of both (COMBI). Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted between June 2008 and December 2012 in the geriatric care homes, Mangalore, India. Methodology: The eligible subjects were assigned to 3 groups (TBE, PRT and COMBI) using block randomization technique and allocation concealment was done. PRT group received strength training for the key muscles (hip flexors, extensors and abductors, knee flexors and extensors, ankle dorsiflexors and plantar flexors) essential for maintenance of balance. TBE group received conventional balance training and the participants of the COMBI group received TBE and PRT interventions alternately. All the three groups received their respective interventions 4 times a week for 6 months. The data was collected at baseline, 3rd and 6th month and the analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15. Both per-protocol and intention to treat methods of analyses were used. Results: Mean age of the 54 elderly participants (18 in each group) was 75.17 years and the comparison of the baseline variables revealed homogeneity between the groups. Between the baseline and six months, all the three groups showed notable reduction in Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) scores. The change scores (pre-post intervention) of FES were notable for all the three groups, but the statistical test did not reveal any significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: Individualized structured PRT intervention targeting the key muscles of lower limbs for balance maintenance, for a period of 6 months, is comparable to TBE in improving the falls efficacy. This in turn reduces self-induced functional restrictions among the non-frail elderly people living in geriatric homes.

Effect of Exercise Practice on Balance Ability of Elder / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To study the factors related with balance ability of the elder.Methods 37 persons above 60 years were assessed with the balanced function reflectoscope reflector,grouped according to their exercise practice.Results The length of locus and length/envelope area as eyes closed increased significantly compared with that as eyes opened in the less exercise group(P<0.05),while they were increased significantly compared with those in the more exercise group either when eyes closed or opened(P<0.05).Conclusion The exercise practice can improve the balances function of the old persons.