Efecto de medios de cultivo preparados con agua de mar sobre indicadores sanitarios en aguas marinas de balnearios de Chichiriviche, estado Falcón, Venezuela / Effect of culture media prepared with sea water over health indicators in sea water of the Chichiriviche resort, Falcon State, Venezuela

Debido a su uso por humanos y para preservar la salud pública, los ambientes marinos recreacionales, deberían cumplir requisitos de calidad fisico-química y microbiológica. Sin embargo, actividades antropogénicas, tales como agricultura, ganadería, industriales, turísticas y domésticas, pueden descargar aguas servidas en playas marinas. La metodología vigente para evaluar la carga bacteriana de aguas recreacionales, no pareciera satisfactoria, particularmente en la detección de microorganismos patógenos debido a la presencia, en aguas marinas, de bacterias viables pero no cultivables (VBNC). Este estudio evaluó la carga bacteriana de aerobios mesófilos, coliformes totales/fecales y enterococos, en playas de Chichiriviche, Falcón, Venezuela y el efecto de concentraciones de agua marina sobre las densidades bacterianas. Las determinaciones se efectuaron en agar nutritivo, Mac Conkey y KF, preparados con agua destilada (MAD) o con agua de mar 10% v/v, (MAM). La carga bacteriana se incrementó entre 20 y 47 veces cuando los medios de cultivo se suplementaron con agua de mar. Las diferencias en las cargas bacterianas entre MAD y MAM, para aerobios mesófilos, coliformes totales y fecales fueron estadísticamente significativas (p≤0,05). El oxígeno disuelto y pH, en ambos medios presentaron valores permisibles.

Due to their use by humans and to preserve public health, recreational marine environments should fulfill physico-chemical and microbiological quality prerequisites. Nevertheless, anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, cattle raising, industrial, touristic and domestic, can discharge contaminated water at marine beaches. The present methods for evaluating the bacterial load of recreational waters does not appear satisfactory, especially concerning the detection of pathogenic microorganisms due to the presence, in marine waters, of viable but not cultivable bacteria (VNCB). This study evaluated the bacterial load of mesophilic aerobials, total and fecal coliforms, and enterococci at the Chichiriviche beaches, Falcon State, Venezuela, and the effect of marine water concentrations over the bacterial densities. The determinations were done in nutrient, Mac Conkey and KF agar prepared with distilled water (MAD) or with sea water (MSW). The bacterial load increased between 27 and 47 times when the culture media were supplement with sea water. The differences of the bacterial loads between MAD and MSW for mesophilic aerobials, total and fecal coliforms were statistically significant (p≤0.05). Dissolved oxygen and pH presented permissible values in both media.

Diagnóstico ambiental do balneário Curva São Paulo no rio Poti em Teresina, Piauí / Environmental diagnosis of Curva São Paulo bathing place at Poti river in Teresina city, Piauí, Brazil

Este trabalho avaliou as condições ambientais do balneário Curva São Paulo, localizado no rio Poti em Teresina, Piauí. Realizou-se o monitoramento da qualidade da água utilizando os parâmetros coliformes termotolerantes, turbidez, pH e temperatura durante o período de julho de 2009 a outubro de 2010. Os resultados indicaram que o local apresentou condições satisfatórias de balneabilidade em 90% do período monitorado. Este cenário favorável decorre do baixo nível de ocupação urbana amontante do balneário. Restrições ao uso recreativo ocorrem durante o período chuvoso (dezembro a maio), fato atribuído à poluição difusa. Visando oferecer maior segurança sanitária aos banhistas e estimular o lazer na área de estudo, propõem-se a implantação de um programa de monitoramento da balneabilidade.

This study evaluated the environmental conditions of the Curva São Paulo bathing place, located in Poti river, at Teresina city, Piauí, Brazil. A monitoring program of water quality was carried out between June 2009 to October 2010, through the faecal coliform, turbidity, pH, and temperature. The results indicated that the place presented a satisfactory condition for bathing in 90% of the monitored period. This favorable scenario is due to the low level of urban occupation at the upstream of the resort. Restrictions on recreational use occur during the rainy season (December-May), which was attributed to diffuse pollution. In order to provide greater health security to the swimmers and encourage recreation in the study area, it is proposed to the establishment a monitoring program of balneability.