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Objectives: To know the pelvicalyceal anatomy by radiological method that helps in localizing the calculi or tumors in kidneys. Materials and method: The study was conducted in Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar from 2011 to 2013. Forty four adult, formalin embalmed cadaveric kidneys (20 right and 24 left) were injected with 8 to 10 ml of 10% radio opaque barium sulphate solution into the renal pelvis and calyces and radiographs were taken in anteroposterior view. Results: The observations were statistically analyzed. There were 14 extra renal pelves and 30 intra renal pelves. The major calyces were classified into three categories [Double (D), Three (T) and Multiple (M) divisions]. Out of 44 kidneys 20 were right and 24 left.. 23 kidneys presented multiple (more than 4) calyces, 12 had two major calyces and only 9 presented with three major calyces). Typical ‘Y’ arrangement in 03 out of 12 and typical multiple in 03 out of 23 kidneys. There were 14 kidneys (31.8%) presented with extra renal pelvis whereas 30 kidneys (68.2%) presented intrarenal formation of the renal pelvis. Conclusion: Due to the variation in the number of major and minor calyces, position of renal pelvis (intrarenal and extra renal), the knowledge of pelvicalyceal anatomy will help the urologist and nephrologists to pin point the position of renal calyceal calculi or malignant growth for the surgery to be carried out.
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Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a polyphenol, is an active principle of the perennial herb Curcuma longa commonly known as turmeric. Turmeric (CURCUMA LONGA L.) is a medicinal plant extensively used in Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha medicine as a home remedy for various diseases including biliary diseases, cough, hepatic diseases, wound healing. However studies on the effect of curcumin on the gastric emptying are nearly nonexistent. It is hypothesized that curcumin may have an effect on gastric emptying. For this reason the present study was aimed to study the effect of curcumin on gastric emptying. Rats were divided into 5 groups (Group I – Group V), based on the time interval between administration of curcumin/vehicular fluid to administration of barium sulphate (Group I – 1 hr, Group II – 8 hrs, Group III – 16 hrs, Group IV – 24 hrs, Group V – 48 hrs). Each group was further divided into two subgroups, Group A (control) and Group B (experimental), containing 6 rats each. Rats in experimental group were administered curcumin intragastrically, in the dose of 1 gm/kg body weight, suspended in normal saline (0.9% NaCl). The controls were given vehicular fluid intragastrically, in volume equal to the experimental animals. It was observed that there was a decrease in the gastric emptying in all the experimental groups.
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Objective To compare 76% meglucamine diatrizoate solution with 60%barium sulphate suspen-sion for use in videofluoroscopic swallowing studies(VFSSs).Methods Forty-nine cases of dysphagia caused by brain injury.brainstem lesion ir nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)were recruited for this study.They were divided into a meglucamine diatrizoate group of 22 patients who were administered 76% meglucamine diatrizoate solution as a contrast agent,and a barium sulphate group of 27 patients with whom 70%barium sulphate suspension was used.All the Datients were treated by balloon dilatation and other routine dysphagia rehabilitation procedures.The treatment end point was either the patient's resuming an oral diet or after 4 weeks of treatment. All cases were evaluated by VFSS pre-and post-treatment.Results The patients in the meglucamine diatrizoate group showed significant pre-and post-treatment differences in terms of the pharynx transit times of brain injury and brainstem lesion victims.NPC patients showed no significant differences.In the barium sulphate group there were significant pre-and post-treatment differences in Dharynx transit time for patients with all three conditions. Conclusions Using 76%meglucamine di-atrizoate solution as a contrast agent decreases the sensitivity of VFSS. Using 60% barium sulphate suspension in VFSS is recommended.
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OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do sulfato de bário na cavidade pleural de ratos. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados, experimentalmente, os efeitos do sulfato de bário a 100 por cento na cavidade pleural de 43 ratos. Sob anestesia inalatória com éter, foi realizada injeção de contraste radiológico (1ml) na cavidade pleural direita após punção com agulha romba pela via subxifóide. Os ratos, divididos em três grupos, foram mortos em câmara fechada com éter, após 24h (13 ratos), 48h (16 ratos) e 21 dias (14 ratos), respectivamente. Através de esternotomia longitudinal e laparotomia alta, foram retiradas a pleura parietal e visceral, juntas com o gradil costal e o pulmão direito. No grupo-controle, de 22 ratos, foi injetado 1ml de soro fisiológico a 0,9 por cento na cavidade pleural direita. RESULTADOS: Não houve mortes entre os 43 ratos em que foi injetado sulfato de bário e no grupo-controle. As alterações encontradas na cavidade pleural dos grupos injetados com sulfato de bário e mortos com 24h e 48h foram semelhantes: leve e difusa hiperemia na pleura parietal, sulfato de bário livre, derrame pleural inflamatório com predomínio de polimorfonucleares; macrófagos na pleura fagocitando sulfato de bário e pleura com infiltrado predominantemente polimorfonuclear. Com 21 dias, o sulfato de bário estava localizado e bloqueado na região retroesternal e havia formação de sínfises pleurais intensas. No exame histopatológico das pleuras havia grande quantidade de macrófagos repletos de sulfato de bário, raros pigmentos de sulfato de bário no meio extracelular, importante proliferação fibroblástica em 13/14 (92 por cento) casos e não ocorreu formação de granulomas. No grupo-controle (22 ratos), o exame histopatológico foi normal em todas as fases do experimento. CONCLUSÕES: a) o sulfato de bário causou derrame pleural inflamatório em todos os casos; b) com 21 dias ocorreu formação de sínfises pleurais em 100 por cento dos casos; c) não houve formação de granuloma...
BACKGROUND: Evaluate the effects of barium sulphate in rats pleural cavity. METHOD: The effects due to the presence of 100 percent barium sulphate in the pleural cavity of 43 rats were experimentally assessed. After inhaled ether anesthesia, 1 ml of radiological contrast was injected via subxiphoid through a blunt needle into the right pleural cavity. The animals were divided into 3 groups and were killed with in a closed chamber with ether after 24 hs (13 rats), 48 hs (16 rats) and 21 days (14 rats), respectively. Through a longitudinal sternotomy and laparatomy, both parietal and visceral pleura were extracted along with the rib cage and right lung. Control group was composed of 22 rats which underwent an injection of 1 ml saline 0,9 percent into the right pleural cavity. RESULTS: No death occurred in 43 rats injected with barium sulphate nor in the control group. There were similar findings in the pleural cavity of animals (barium sulphate) killed at 24h and 48h such as diffuse mild hyperemia in right pleura, free barium sulphate, inflammatory pleural effusion with polymorphonuclears predominating, macrophages phagocyting barium sulphate in the pleura, which presented a polymorphonuclear predominant infiltrate. At 21 days, barium sulphate was found localized and blocked in the retrosternal region with, intense formation of pleural symphises. Pleural histopathology revealed large numbers of barium sulphate filled macrophages, scant extra-cellular barium sulphate pigments, important fibroelastic proliferation in 13/14(92 percent) cases, without granuloma formation. Histopathology of 22 rats of the control group was considered normal throughout the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: Barium sulphate caused inflammatory pleural effusion in all cases; with no granuloma formation; and no deaths troughout the experiment.
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The authours reviewed 9 cases of giant cell tumors around the knee joint which were treated by curettage and barium sulphate mixed cementation at Catholic Medical Center, between Jaunary 1979 and December 1983. Among the 9 patients, 7 patients could be followed more than 2 years, ranging from 24 months to 42 months, averaging 31 months. The result obtained were as follows; 1. No local recurrence or distant metastasis have been observed among these 7 cases. 2. Radiological assesment of the lesion after radiopaque cementation is believed to be a good method for detecting local recurrence. 3. Filling the curetted cavity with bone cement permits early joint mobility and weight bearing. Curettage and bone cementation may turn out to be the mothod of choice for the giant cell tumor located at the very end of the weight bearing joint when a simple curettage or resection is no longer possible without loss of function. Also it is suggested that the heat generation during polymerization of the bone cement and cytotoxic effect of non-polymerized monomer might have some cidal effect on the tumor cell.