RESUMO
En junio de 2005 se cumplió el primer centenario de la introducción de la palabra hormona para definir al mensajero químico que originado en un tejido viaja a través de la circulación para alcanzar otro tejido distante y ejercer un efecto específico. Ernest H. Starling presentó en junio de 1905 las Conferencias Croone en las que desarrolló la teoría del control químico del organismo como una culminación de sus previas investigaciones que había realizado en colaboración con el fisiólogo William M. Bayliss sobre la fisiología del corazón, el intercambio capilar, la reabsorción tubular del glomérulo renal y el peristaltismo intestinal. La primera hormona recibió el nombre de secretina y su descubrimiento desencadenó un incontable número de investigaciones multidisciplinarías que han permitido el avance en el conocimiento de la biología molecular y particularmente en el área de la endocrinología.
Ernest H. Starling introduced the term hormone 100 years ago in his Croonian Lectures to the Royal College of Physicians in June 1905. It was demonstrated for the first time that one part of the body could influence the function of another distant part. Starling for the first time suggested the word hormone. This review attempts to trace the development of studies in endocrinology, beginning in the middle of the nineteenth century. Starling discovered secretin, the first hormone, in collaboration with William M. Bayliss, and they introduced the hormone concept with recognition of chemical regulation. Thus the name hormone sparked multidisciplinary research in endocrinology and molecular biology, which shed light on the chemical communication within the organism.
Assuntos
História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Endocrinologia/história , Hormônios/história , InglaterraRESUMO
The effect of changes in vascular transmural pressure upon differential digital plethysmogram (delta DPG) was studied in seven normal subjects. Changes in vascular transmural pressure were produced by the gravitational potential energy change (GPEC method) of an extremity from the heart level. Delta DPG which was characteristic of stability, discrimination and low speed record by modified devices was applied for the experiments including postural, static and dynamic exercises. Room temperature during experiments was kept constant. The Delta DPG-P wave amplitude in maximal elevation of upper and lower extremities (mean±S. D., n) increased to 162.3±33.5% (38) and 176.7±33.4% (12), respectively, and that in maximal lowering of upper and lower extremities decreased to 36.9±10.5% (35) and 37.5±12.6% (15), respectively. These data reveal that the GPEC method may be useful for the determination of arteriolar sensitivity in humans.