Describing physical activity in public open spaces in Brazil: Active City, Healthy City Program / Descrevendo a atividade física em espaços públicos abertos no Brasil: Programa Cidade Ativa, Cidade Saudável

This study aimed to describe the physical activity (PA) in public open spaces (POS) in a medi-um-sized city in Brazil. The System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) was applied to evaluate a representative sample of users in 10 POS which received actions from the Active City, Healthy City Program. The places were evaluated four days a week (Tuesday, Wednes-day, Saturday, and Sunday) at four times (8 am, 10 am, 2 pm, and 4 pm). The proportion of users by gender, age group, skin color, and PA level was compared between the POS using the chi-square test for heterogeneity in the STATA software (p<0.05). As main results, 32,768 scans were performed in 64 target areas and identified 8,634 individuals. The highest proportion of people were males (58%), adults (38%), with white skin color (97%), and in light or moderate PA (76%). Except for skin color, there was a significant difference in the proportion of all other variables between the POS (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the POS was more commonly used by men, adults, and people of white skin color for light and moderate PA. Based on the results, program managers could reallocate resources to increase utilization and PA at each place

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a atividade física (AF) em espaços públicos abertos (EPA) em uma cidade de médio porte do Brasil. O System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) foi utilizado para avaliar uma amostra representativa de frequentadores de 10 EPA que receberam ações do programa Cidade Ativa, Cidade Saudável. Os locais foram avaliados quatro dias da semana (terça-feira, quarta-feira, sábado, domingo) em quatro horários (8h, 10h, 14h, 16h). A proporção de frequentadores por sexo, faixa etária, cor de pele e nível de AF foi comparada entre os EPA pelo teste do qui-quadrado para heterogeneidade no software STATA (p < 0,05). Como resultados principais, foram realizados 32.768 scans em 64 áreas-alvo e 8.634 frequentadores foram identificados. Foi observada maior proporção de pessoas do sexo masculino (58%), adultos (38%), de cor de pele branca (97%) e em AF de intensidade leve ou moderada (76%). Com exceção da cor da pele, houve diferença significante na proporção das demais variáveis entre os EPA (p < 0,05). Em conclusão, os EPA são mais comumente utilizados por homens, pessoas adultas, de cor de pele branca e para a prática de AF de intensidade leve e moderada. Com base nos resultados, os gestores do programa poderiam realocar recursos para aumentar a utilização e a AF em cada local

Does Virtual Reality Affect Children's Dental Anxiety, Pain, And Behaviour? A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Trial

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of virtual reality (VR) on dental anxiety, pain, and behaviour at different time points among children undergoing dental treatment under local anaesthesia. Material and Methods: This randomised, two‐armed, within-subject, cross-over, placebo-controlled trial included 76 children. Eligible participants were treated in two dental visits using the following methods: with protective glasses only, without distraction (attention placebo-controlled - APC); and with the treatment condition (i.e., VR). Primary outcomes were dental anxiety and pain; secondary outcome was dental visit behaviour. Heart rate scores were recorded as an objective measure to evaluate dental anxiety and pain. Subjective measurements for each variable were also performed. Results: Significant reduction in dental pain and anxiety was observed in the VR group, according to the heart rate scores; however, no statistical differences were observed according to the self-reported measures. Decreased dental anxiety and pain were associated with the first visit sequence with VR. Dental pain and anxiety scores were lower during local anaesthesia in the VR group than in the APC group. Conclusion: Virtual reality significantly reduced pain and anxiety during local anaesthesia in children undergoing dental treatment; therefore, it may be recommended during dental treatment in school-age children.

Padrão de utilização de espaços públicos abertos e nível de atividade física em São José dos Pinhais, Paraná / Pattern of use of public open spaces and physical activity levels in São José dos Pinhais, Brazil / Patrón de uso de espacios públicos abiertos y niveles de actividade física en São José dos Pinhais, Brasil

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a associação entre o padrão de utilização de espaços públicos abertos (EPA) e o nível de atividade física (AF) de intensidade moderada a vigorosa (AFMV) em São José dos Pinhais, Paraná. Sexo, faixa etária e AF foram identificados com o System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC). A AFMV foi analisada considerando as categorias de sexo, local, dia da semana, horário e período. Foram realizadas 2.591 observações de pessoas e a proporção de AFMV foi de 35%. O sexo feminino apresentou associação positiva com a AFMV (OR: 1,57; IC95%: 1,32-1,86), enquanto a utilização dos EPA no final de semana (OR: 0,55; IC95%: 0,46-0,65) e no período da tarde apresentou associação inversa com o desfecho (OR: 0,57; IC95%: 0,48-0,67). Conclui-se que mulheres e aqueles que utilizam os locais durante a semana ou pela manhã apresentam maiores chances de praticarem AFMV.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the association between the pattern of use of public open spaces (POS) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in São José dos Pinhais, Brazil. Sex, age group, and physical activity intensity level (PA) were identified through the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC). MVPA was analyzed by sex, place, day of the week, and time. We conducted 2,591 person observations, and the proportion of MVPA was 35%. The female sex was positively associated with MVPA (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.32-1.86), while the use of POS on weekend (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.46 -0.65) and in the afternoon showed an inverse association with outcome (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.48-0.67). In conclusion, women and the people who use POS during the week or in the morning are more likely to practice MVPA.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la asociación entre el patrón de uso de los espacios públicos abiertos (EPA) y el nivel de actividad física moderada a vigorosa (AFMV) en São José dos Pinhais, Brasil. Sexo, edad y AF fueron evaluados con el System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC). La AFMV se analizó según sexo, ubicación, día de la semana, hora y período del día. Se hicieron 2.591 observaciones de personas y la proporción de AFMV fue de 35%. El sexo femenino se asoció positivamente con AFMV (OR: 1,57; IC 95%: 1,32-1,86), mientras que el uso de EPA en lo fine de semana (OR: 0,55; IC 95%: 0,46-0,65) y por la tarde mostró una asociación inversa con el desfecho (OR: 0,57; IC 95%: 0,48-0,67). Se concluye que mujeres, las personas que utilizan los lugares durante la semana o por la mañana, tienen más probabilidades de practicar AFMV. Palabras-clave Actividad motora; Ejercicio físico; Parques recreativos; Área urbana; Planificación ambiental; Entorno construido; Técnicas de observación conductual.

Measures in organizational behavior: why dont we use big data and analytics? / Medidas do comportamento organizacional: por que não usamos big data e analytics?

Tradeoff analysis, between generalizability, precision, and realism, guides methodological choices in organizational behavior. These methodological choices were systematically reviewed in Brazilian articles and books (1996-2017) to answer the following question: why are there no Brazilian studies on organizational behavior that use big data or analytics? Among 1062 research articles on organizational behavior, published in 19 psychology and business journals, 68% used scales, and only 10% used observation. Observation was often unstructured and supported other methods. The focus was on "saying," instead of "doing". Big data and analytics have the potential to simultaneously reach generalizability, precision, and realism and may pave the way for new conclusions. Additionally, these methods could transform research in organizational behavior.

A análise de custo-benefício entre generalidade, precisão e realismo guia escolhas metodológicas em comportamento organizacional. Estas foram sistematicamente revistas em artigos e livros (1996-2017) brasileiros com o objetivo de responder à pergunta: por que não há estudos em comportamento organizacional no Brasil que usem big data ou analytics? Dentre 1.062 artigos com relatos de pesquisa sobre comportamento organizacional publicados em 19 periódicos de Psicologia e Administração, 68% empregaram escalas e apenas 10% a observação. A observação foi muito frequentemente adotada de forma não estruturada e servindo de suporte a outros métodos. O foco foi no "falar" e não no "fazer". Big data e analytics têm o potencial para atingir ao mesmo tempo a generalidade, a precisão e o realismo e podem abrir o caminho para novas conclusões, sendo talvez capaz de transformar a investigação em comportamento organizacional.

Parental Acceptance of Various Behaviour Management Techniques used in Pediatric Dentistry: A Pilot Study in Odisha, India

Objective: To assess the parents' acceptance towards the behavior management techniques commonly used in the pediatric dentistry. Materials and Methods: Fifty parents participated in the study. Parents were asked to view a power-point presentation on 10 behavior management techniques: 1) Voice control, 2) Tell-Show-Do, 3) Positive reinforcement, 4) Mouth prop, 5) Modelling, 6) HOME, 7) Physical restraint, 8) Oral premedication 9) N2O-O2 sedation and 10) General anesthesia. Parents were asked to arrange various behavior management techniques from most accepted technique to least accepted technique. Results: In the present study population, the preferred behavior management technique was Tell-Show-Do followed by positive reinforcement and the least preferred behavior management technique was HOME followed by voice control and physical restraint. Conclusion: The parental acceptance of various behaviour management techniques have changed. Tell-show-do technique is still the most acceptable technique; however, sedation and general anesthesia acceptance has increased as shown in this study.