Efecto del número de interrupciones en el patrón de conducta sedentaria sobre el gasto energético / Effect of the number of interruptions in the pattern of sedentary behavior on energy expenditure

Resumen: El papel de la conducta sedentaria sobre el deterioro del estado de salud ha sido ampliamente documentado como factor promotor de patologías. La evidencia científica demuestra que el porcentaje de personas que mantienen una actividad sedentaria aumenta en las grandes ciudades, y con ello el sobrepeso, la obesidad, la diabetes, la hipertensión, etc. Recientemente se ha evaluado el efecto de interrumpir los periodos de conducta sedentaria con actividad física, demostrando que con ello se aumenta el gasto energético. El objetivo del presente experimento fue comparar el efecto de 2 programas de interrupción del patrón de conducta sedentaria sobre el gasto calórico. Ocho alumnos universitarios se expusieron a 2 programas de interrupción de la conducta sedentaria. Para obtener el gasto energético se utilizaron monitores cardiacos de la marca Beurer modelo pm18. El primer programa consistió en periodos de 15 min de conducta sedentaria seguidos de una interrupción de 2.5 min de caminata como actividad física. El segundo presentó periodos de 30 min de conducta sedentaria seguidos de una interrupción de 5 min de actividad física. El análisis utilizando t de Student para muestras pareadas mostró que existe una diferencia significativa en el gasto calórico durante la conducta sedentaria entre el programa 1 y el 2. Se concluye que aumentar el número de interrupciones en los periodos de conducta sedentaria tiene un efecto directo sobre el gasto calórico.

Abstract: Sedentary behavior's role on health damage has been documented as a promoting factor of pathologies. Scientific evidence shows an increasing percentage of people with sedentary activity especially in large cities causing overweight, obesity, diabetes, hypertension etc. Effects of interrupting sedentary behavior periods with physical activity have been recently evaluated, demonstrating increases on energy expenditure. The objective of this experiment was to compare the effect of two interruption programs of sedentary behavior pattern on caloric expenditure. Participants were exposed to two interruption programs of sedentary behavior. For energy expenditure, heart monitors brand Beurer PM18 model used. First program consisted on 15-minutes periods of sedentary behavior followed by a 2.5 minutes walking break as physical activity. Second program consisted on periods of 30 minutes of sedentary behavior followed by a 5 minutes break of physical activity. Analysis used Student t test for paired samples showed a significant difference in caloric expenditure during sedentary behavior between program 1 and 2. Concluding that increasing the number of interruptions of periods of sedentary behavior has a direct effect on caloric expenditure.

Relationship between type A behavior patterns and risk of temporomandibulardisorder in Japanese undergraduate students / Journal of Rural Medicine

<p><b>Objective:</b> Several studies have demonstrated the relationship betweentemporomandibular disorder (TMD) and emotional stress. Nonetheless, few surveys haveexamined the relationship between type A behavior patterns and TMD. The aim of this studywas to clarify the relationships among TMD, type A behavior patterns, bruxism, andemotional stress in Japanese undergraduate students.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> This study was undertaken in Nayoro City, Japan, in 2015, amongstudents of Nayoro City University. The survey was conducted through an anonymous,self-administered, multiple-choice questionnaire. Information was gathered on itemsevaluating the extent of TMD symptoms, bruxism, type A behavior patterns, and pronenessand sensitivity to emotional stress.</p><p><b>Results:</b> The questionnaire recovery rate was 31.8% (175/551). There was ahigh likelihood of TMD in 16.1% of respondents, which is comparable to the findings ofprevious surveys on Japanese high school students. In keeping with previous studies, weconfirmed significant relationships between TMD and both emotional stress and bruxism. Aweak but statistically significant association was found between TMD and type A behaviorpatterns.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> We propose that TMD may be one of the diseases related to thetype A behavior pattern.</p>

Atrasos nos encaminhamentos de pacientes com câncer bucal: avaliação qualitativa da percepção dos cirurgiões-dentistas / Delayed referrals of oral cancer patients: the perception of dental surgeons

O objetivo deste estudo é verificar, na percepção dos cirurgiões-dentistas atuantes em Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS) em Porto Alegre (RS), quais as possíveis razões que justifiquem o atraso da chegada do paciente com câncer bucal aos setores de atenção em saúde de maior complexidade. O presente estudo teve como público-alvo cirurgiões-dentistas atuantes em cinco diferentes realidades laborais em APS em Porto Alegre. Foram utilizados como critérios de inclusão profissionais com formação em APS e que estivessem atuando na Atenção Básica. O instrumento para coleta de dados foi a técnica de grupo focal com aplicação de questionário estruturado. Uma vez coletados os dados, foi realizada análise interpretativa e categorização das informações em quatro eixos centrais: profissional, equipe, comunidade e rede de serviços. Os resultados sugerem que os seguintes fatores estão associados ao atraso da chegada do paciente com câncer bucal aos setores de atenção em saúde de maior complexidade: falha na identificação precoce, ausência de trabalho multidisciplinar, desvalorização da necessidade de corresponsabilização pela própria saúde por parte da comunidade e a deficiência da rede de atenção no que tange a qualidade da comunicação entre profissionais de diferentes níveis de atenção.

The scope of this study was to verify the possible reasons to justify the delay in the referral of oral cancer patients to specialized health care sectors from the standpoint of the dental surgeons involved in Primary Health Care (PHC) in Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul. This target public of this study was dental surgeons working in five different labor environments in PHC in Porto Alegre. Criteria for inclusion was dental surgeons graduated in and working in PHC. The data collection instrument was the focus group technique and application of a structured questionnaire. After data collection, interpretative analysis was conducted with classification of the information under four main headings: professional, team, community and services network. The results suggest that there are several factors associated with delayed in referral of patients with oral cancer to specialized health care sectors. These include omission of early diagnosis, lack of multidisciplinary work and insufficient attention to the need for joint community responsibility with patients for their own health status. It is also due to deficiencies in the health service network, specifically regarding the quality of communication between professionals at different levels of the health services. .

Crenças e comportamentos de pessoas com doença arterial coronária / Beliefs and behavior patterns of individuals with coronary artery disease

O estudo descreveu crenças e comportamentos sobre causas e medidas de controle da doença arterial coronária (DAC). Cem adultos foram entrevistados em ambulatório público, em Salvador (BA). Os resultados foram analisados em percentuais, médias e por técnica de análise de dados qualitativos. Predominaram homens, idade < 60 anos, cor negra, baixas escolaridade e renda, casados e sem ocupação. A média de crenças para a causa da DAC foi de 1,53 por participante incluindo fatores comportamentais, biológicos, relacionais e religiosos e representaram sobretudo acúmulo de excessos quanto às tensões cotidianas e alimentação. A maioria dos participantes não considerou a enfermidade de caráter crônico acreditando que o tratamento não duraria a vida toda e na cura da doença. A média de crenças para medidas de controle foi de 1,45 prevalecendo seguimento do regime alimentar e uso das medicações. Predominou sedentarismo, redução do tabagismo e consumo de bebida alcoólica, preparo de alimentos com menos sal e gordura saturada, maior consumo de carnes brancas, alimentos cozidos e industrializados. Apenas 66% cumpriam a receita médica. O entendimento insatisfatório sobre causas e medidas de controle da DAC torna essencial a implementação de cuidados contemplando as distintas condições de vida e saúde e projetos para o cuidar de si.

The study described beliefs and behavior patterns related to causes and control measures of coronary artery disease (CAD). A hundred adults in an outpatient clinic in Salvador in the state of Bahia were interviewed. The results were analyzed via the qualitative analysis technique. It predominantly involved married and unemployed black men, aged <60 years, with low schooling and income. The average beliefs on the cause of CAD was 1.53 per participant and blamed behavioral, biological, relational and religious factors, and represented excesses related to day-to-day tensions and eating habits. Most of the participants did not consider the disease to be chronic and believed that treatment would be temporary and they would be cured. The average beliefs for control measures were of 1.45, with dietary measures and medication. A sedentary lifestyle was the norm and reducing smoking and alcohol, using less salt and saturated fat in the preparation of meals, consuming white meat, cooked and industrialized food was seen as the answer. Only 66% complied with medical prescriptions. Lack of understanding of the causes and control measures of CAD makes the implementation of medical care, better living and health conditions and self-care essential.

A Study on the Correlation among Occupational Stress, Depression, Health-Related Behavior and Type A Behavior Patterns of Male Workers at a Steel Factory / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study investigates the relationship between job stress, depression, health-related behavior and type A behavior patterns among male workers at a steel factory. METHODS: The study was done on 171 male workers, using the structured questionnaire. The data were collected in April, 2009 and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The results showed that 65.5% of workers were under moderate stress, 25.7% high stress and 0.6% extremely high stress. The overall score of these workers' occupational stress was 41.9, lower than the Korean workers' average. Occupational stress was correlated with depression, type A behavior patterns, a very poor physical condition without sufficient sleep. CONCLUSION: Stress management program is strongly needed for these subjects working over 45 hours a week, with a very poor subjective physical condition, insufficient sleep, type A behavior patterns and signs of severe depression. Further longitudinal study is recommended to show the effect of such worker's stress management program to mitigate job-related stress.

Correlation between alcohol use and juvenile criminal behavior patterns in Korea / 간호학회지

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between juvenile alcohol use and their criminal patterns. The data were collected through questionnaire surveys. Subjects serving for this study were 971 delinquent adolescents in Korea, sampled from 6 juvenile corrective institutions and 2 classification judging institutions, using a census method. Their age range was between 12 and 21. Data were analysed by IBM PC using SAS program. Statistical methods employed were Chi-square and frequency analysis. 1. Of 877 respondents, the number of adolescents committed criminal behaviors while the intoxicated were 230(26.2%), and 647(73.8%) were in a non-intoxicated state. 2. Adolescent under intoxication showed a higher rate of aggressive crimes and assault crimes, whereas adolescents under the non-influence of liquor tended to commit property crimes and Violations of criminal special law. Drunken under intoxication showed the higher rate of aggressive crimes and assault crimes, whereas adolescents under the non drunken state. Most crimes have happened without any tools in both group. 3. In comparison of the alcohol user and the non-user, most alcohol-related crimes among adolescents were committed at AM 0:00 to AM 4:00 during the weekend in the dark, cloudy, and stormy rainy day, while non-alcohol related crimes were at a afternoon of weekday in the clear day. The places that the criminal activities occurred were streets, amusement places such as disco-theque, fields and their own house among alcohol users, whereas victim's house, another person's house and restaurant were chosen among non-alcohol users. 4. The victims assaulted by juvenile offenders in both drunken and non-drunken state were mostly passer-by(65.4%), followed by their friends(25.1%). And the conditions of victims showed a significant differences between the drunken adolescents and the non-drunken adolescents. The victim's conditions assaulted by intoxicated delinquent adolescents were in quarreling or drunken state, whereas non-alcohol related crimes were directed against victims in a sleeping or irresistible state. 5. Almost over the half of delinquent adolescents perceived their delinquency as wrong behaviors, and alcohol non-user tended to more significantly perceive their criminal acts as wrong conducts. About the half of respondents answered that they committed their criminal acts in spite of having a very good judgement while doing crimes, the author did not found a significant difference between the two groups. The reasons given for crimes were manifested as follows: it can be seen that to get money for amusements'(30.4% of all motives) were most common. followed by to commit accidentally the offences'(23.8%). curiosity or heroism'(18.9%). alcohol related crimes tended to be accidental and impulsively without any clear planning, while non-alcohol related crimes tended to be purposeful, directed to make money, motivated by curiosity or a desire to live heroically. In Conclusions, the correlation between alcohol use and juvenile criminal behaviors has been examined in this study. Generally, alcohol use had been found to be highly correlated with aggressive assault crimes including robbery, burglary and rape etc.