Autogerenciamento: Uma interpretação analítico-comportamental / Self-management: An analytical-behavioral Interpretation / Autogestión: una interpretación analítica conductual

Resumo Autogerenciamento é um fenômeno que, apesar de presente em várias dimensões da vida humana, carece ainda de definição precisa. É possível identificar variados conceitos e utilizações do termo em diferentes áreas do conhecimento. O presente estudo objetivou sistematizar o conceito de autogerenciamento a partir de literatura científica de diferentes áreas do conhecimento e, com base nisso, propor uma definição analítico-comportamental do fenômeno. Para isso, foi realizada busca bibliográfica em seis bases de dados, sendo selecionados 31 artigos de diferentes áreas de estudo que continham informações sobre a definição do conceito e comportamentos relacionados a autogerenciamento. Foram excluídos textos referentes a autogerenciamento em nível coletivo, de equipes ou grupos sociais. Nove categorias de definições de conceito e 26 categorias de comportamentos foram identificadas a partir dos estudos analisados. Observou-se que o autogerenciamento é um fenômeno complexo, que envolve uma série de comportamentos como autocontrolar, autoconhecer, autorreforçar e estabelecer objetivos. Caracteriza-se como um processo comportamental no qual o indivíduo manipula as variáveis das quais seu comportamento é função de forma a aumentar a probabilidade de se comportar de maneira a atingir seu comportamento-alvo e obter reforço subsequente. A sistematização do conceito possibilita melhor compreensão do fenômeno para futuras pesquisas em autogerenciamento.

Abstract Self-management is a phenomenon, that despite being involved in various dimensions of human life, is not well defined yet. It is possible to identify different concepts and uses of the term in different areas of knowledge. The present study aimed to systematize the concept of self-management from the scientific literature of different areas of knowledge to propose a behavior analytic definition of the phenomenon. For this purpose, a bibliographic search was carried out in six national and international databases and it was selected 31 articles related to self-management definition in different areas of knowledge. Texts referring to self-management at the collective, team or social group level were excluded. After analyzing the information, nine categories of definitions of concepts and 26 categories of behavior were identified. It was observed that self-management is a complex phenomenon that involves a series of behavioral classes such as self-control, self-knowledge, self-reinforcement, and goal setting. Furthermore, it is a behavioral process in which the individual manipulates the variables of which his behavior is a function to increase the probability of behaving to reach his target behavior and obtain subsequent reinforcement. The systematization of the concept allows a better understanding of the phenomenon for future research on self-management.

Resumen La autogestión es un fenómeno que, aunque está presente en varias dimensiones de la vida humana, aún carece de una definición precisa. Es posible identificar diferentes conceptos y usos del término en diferentes áreas del conocimiento. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo sistematizar el concepto de autogestión basado en la literatura científica de diferentes áreas del conocimiento y, a partir de eso, proponer una definición analítica conductual del fenómeno. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en seis bases de datos, se seleccionaron 31 artículos de diferentes áreas que contenían información sobre la definición del concepto y los comportamientos relacionados con la autogestión. Se excluyeron los textos referentes a la autogestión a nivel colectivo, de equipo o de grupo social. A partir de los artículos analizados se identificaron nueve categorías de definiciones de conceptos y 26 categorías de comportamientos. La autogestión es un fenómeno complejo que involucra una serie de comportamientos como el autocontrol, el autoconocimiento, el refuerzo personal y el establecimiento de objetivos. Se caracteriza por ser un proceso conductual en el que el individuo manipula las variables, de las cuales su comportamiento es una función, para aumentar la probabilidad de lograr el comportamiento deseado y obtener un refuerzo posterior. La sistematización del concepto permite una mejor comprensión del fenómeno para futuras investigaciones sobre autogestión.

Understanding intimate partner violence (IPV) from the perspective of Caviteñas

OBJECTIVES: This grounded theory study was conceptualized primarily, to describe the processes Caviteña participants go through in order to arrive at a decision about how to optimize intimate relationships and ultimately, to generate a conceptual framework arising from the core concepts that evolved from the collected data.METHODOLOGY: Using theoretical and purposive sampling, 11 Caviteña participants from District 1 & 7 were identified based on predetermined criteria. The experiences of these participants were gathered through informal/ unstructured interviews and observation of participants' nonverbal cues; and validated against field notations,viewpoints from experts and audit trail. The main interview question was stated as: What are the processes (cognitive, affective and behavioral) that you went through in deciding whether to maintain or terminate the abusive intimate relationship that you are engaged in?RESULTS: From the vantage point of the participants, the dominant themes established in relation to intimate partner violence (IPV) revolved around: IPV, gender differences, processes, consequences and interventions. These themes offered several implications to the different helping professionals-psychologists, social workers, nurses in such a way that they are able to understand the dynamics of intimate partner violence as they partake in the prevention of this pervasive societal phenomenon.CONCLUSION: Intimate Partner Violence is a by-product of the interaction of men's dominance (machismo) and the women's subservience (marianismo). It is prominently caused by infidelity of the husband and dependence of his biologic family, which cause significant marital conflicts. IPV is perpetuated by the society's indifference and the women's selfless regard for familial welfare. All these create extreme pain, penetrating all the way to the woman's emotional core. However, the woman is able to protect herself from such pain because of her spiritual submissiveness and emotional toughness in favor of her love for family.