Medical Ethics of Ancient Traditional Chinese Medicine and Its Contemporary Value from the Perspective of Pre-Qin Confucian Benevolence / 中国医学伦理学

Ancient traditional Chinese medical ethics thought is a value system with Pre-Qin Confucian benevolence thought as the core. Under the cultivation and regulations of Pre-Qin Confucian benevolence, such as "benevolent love", "taking life as morality" and "self-denial and ritual", ancient Chinese medicine gradually formed the medical ethics ideal of "helping the world and saving people", the medical ethics goal of "life is the most important" and emotion towards patient of "considering others in one’s own place". Learn from the past, cultivate the professional emotion of "saving people and helping the world" of medical staff through example education; using recessive education to guide both doctors and patients to respect their lives, thus creating a social atmosphere of mutual respect between doctors and patients, and advocating doctor-patient communication that apply oneself to others with the help of carrier education; the essence of ancient traditional Chinese medical ethics thought is integrated into the construction of contemporary medical ethics, so as to overcome the problem of medical ethics anomie that life is technicalized and medical services are materialized in today’s medical development, make contemporary medical ethics thought meet the needs of today’s medical development, make medical development return to benevolence and promote the healthy development of medicine.

Effect of social trust on health information exchange in social network sites

Background: The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review of the role of social trust in health information exchange on social network sites (SNSs). In the light of the confusion and panic about health information leading to and during the worldwide lockdown, in an attempt to control the spread and symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although the sharing of health information on SNS did not start during the COVID-19 lockdown, the concerns about health information interchange were highlighted during the lockdown. Objectives: This study investigates the nature of the association between health information exchange and social trust and how social trust has influenced health information exchange from 2005 to 2021. Method: In line with the purpose of the study, the researcher applied a systematic literature review to review conference articles, accredited journal articles and book chapters. The review process involved a rigorous procedure towards a definition of review protocol, extraction of articles, formulation of selection criteria and the review itself. Results: This study reveals a transactional interplay between the constructs of social trust (benevolence, integrity and competence) and social network site user roles (information seeker, information passer and information giver). Conclusion: In summary, the researcher argues that public health officials would benefit from setting up an SNS that proactively provides health information. The health information exchange experience should be designed in a way that takes into account how social trust can be used to moderate health information exchange in the SNS by different types.

Benevolence Toward Schizophrenia Scale: Construction and evidence of validation / Escala de benevolência frente à esquizofrenia: construção e evidências de validação

The aim of this study was to construct and seek evidence for the validity of the Escala de Benevolência frente à Esquizofrenia (Benevolence Toward Schizophrenia Scale). Two studies were conducted in Joao Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Study 1 describes the development and evidence of the factor validity of the Benevolence Toward Schizophrenia Scale with a sample composed of 200 university students aged 16 to 51 years old (M = 25.31; SD = 7.21). The data were subjected to exploratory factor analysis, which revealed one single seven-item factor that explained 37.74% of the variance and a satisfactory Cronbach's alpha (0.77). The aim of Study 2 was to test the goodness-of-fit of the Benevolence Toward Schizophrenia Scale factor structure with a sample composed of 200 university students aged 16 to 52 years old (M = 24.82; SD = 6.97). The one-factor structure exhibited adequate goodness-of-fit; the composite reliability value was 0.83, which indicates scale stability and satisfactory psychometric parameters for assessing benevolent prejudice toward schizophrenia.

Esta pesquisa objetivou construir e buscar evidências de validade da Escala de Benevolência frente à Esquizofrenia. Foram realizados dois estudos na cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba: o Estudo 1 descreve a construção e busca evidências de validade fatorial da Escala de Benevolência frente à Esquizofrenia com uma amostra de 200 estudantes universitários, idades entre 16 e 50 anos (M = 21,2; DP = 5,23). Os dados foram submetidos à análise fatorial exploratória revelando um único fator, com 07 itens que explicou 34,74% da variância, alfa de Cronbach satisfatório (0,77). O Estudo 2 objetivou testar o modelo de ajuste aos dados da estrutura fatorial da Escala de Benevolência frente à Esquizofrenia com uma amostra de 200 universitários, com idades entre 16 e 68 anos (M = 25,75; DP = 10,34). Foi demonstrado ajuste a estrutura unifatorial com índice de confiabilidade composta de 0,83, indicando estabilidade na escala e parâmetros psicométricos satisfatórios para avaliação do preconceito benevolente frente à esquizofrenia

Logical starting point of nursing care behavior --design of the cultivation scheme of traditional benevolence belief from the perspective of " Field Theory" / 中国实用护理杂志

In the context of "big health, big medicine and big medicine", the relationship of medical and humanities have drawn the attention of the medical world again. For the present, how to develop humanistic care and nursing care behavior is the key point of this study. Nursing care behavior acts as an integral part of nursing work, need spiritual implantation, deepen understanding, continuous training and pragmatic practice. Therefore, the designation of "Benevolence and Faith" in the process of nursing should integrate the "Field Theory" of psychology, which focus on the benevolence and faith cultivation during the practice of nursing care behavior. It is necessary to identify the similar cultivation meaning of "benevolence" and "field" behind different manifestations. Consequently, the logical starting point of nursing care behavior could be identified.

Research on the effect of nursing benevolence behavior cultivation based on field theory / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective On the basis of theory research, tostrengthen the motivation of benevolence effectively and take the initiative to practice the behavior of benevolence among nursing baccalaureate students, combining with the law of behavior transformation, the author designed and applied "nursing benevolence behavior cultivation program based on field theory". Methods The questionnaire of nursing undergraduates' benevolence behavior based on field theory , interview, observation, interview and reflective journal were designed by our team. Results Of the five dimensionality evaluation indexes, there was no significant difference in the scores between the five dimensions except the field theory (P > 0.05). The"cognitive field theory","belief field theory","self field theory"and"group field theory"were (24.74 ± 2.36), (40.34 ± 4.32), (44.84 ± 4.17), (81.30 ± 8.15) points before cultivation, (25.74 ± 3.37), (42.46 ± 4.19), (46.26 ± 3.97), (82.64 ± 9.60) points during cultivation, (26.65 ± 3.93), (44.47 ± 4.46), (47.78 ± 5.20), (85.78 ± 7.20) points after cultivation, and there were significant differences (F=5.597-16.928, P<0.01). Conclusions The nursing benevolence behavior cultivation scheme based on the field theory is beneficial to the nursing baccalaureate students' benevolence behavior development.

"Discussion on the ""Four Mental Attitudes"" of Medical Practitioners" / 中国医学伦理学

The construction of a harmonious hospital-patient relationship requires a sound medical system as a basis,but also the quality of both doctors and patients.For the medical practitioners,the following four medical attitudes is of great significance.The first is equanimity,which is taking the patient-doctor exchanges as equal relationship with choice and being chosen,providing services and accepting services.The second is responsibility,that is able to understand the dialectical relationship between rights and obligations correctly,and take the obligation they should take initiatively.The third is benevolence,that is full of mercy or sympathy towards the patients.The fourth is the heart of fear,that is able to respect their patients and treat the disease with fearand cautiousness because of knowing its ignorance.

The Medical Ethics in Chinese Traditional Medical Culture / 中国医学伦理学

This paper analyzed the thoughts of Chinese traditional medical ethics through discussing the four aspects: philanthropy and salvation, incorruptibility and uphold justice, proficient in medicine, scholarly and re-fined. It proposed that moral cultivation is very important, which is the basic premise of medical profession.

Discussion on the Value of Confucian Benevolence Thought in Physician Professionalism Construction / 中国医学伦理学

This paper discussed the connotation of Confucian benevolence and analyzed the Chinese traditional physician professionalism in view of the six aspects, which containedmedicine being humane artloyalty and for-bearancerespect for lifepractice medicine to save people, and compassion. Combining with the current situation of the development of the physicians, it analyzed the research values of Chinese traditional benevolence thought in the current physician professionalism construction:researching medicine painstakingly and making ardu-ous efforts to conquer medical problems;deeply understanding the philosophy ofloyalty and forbearance and re-garding patients as relatives;precious human life is priceless and establishing the lofty life values ofpeople-o-riented;practice medicine to save people and strengthening the social moral sense of responsibility;being con-siderate to patients and practicing medicine honestly.

Should Japanese physicians' professionalism be based on "bushido" , a business philosophy, or benevolence? / 医学教育

<p>　Professionalism was featured in this scientific journal the other day, and a paper on whether or not bushido, or Japanese chivalry, could serve as a model of professionalism required for Japanese physicians was published in it. Following this, the issue was also discussed in a paper written by Iwata. From my point of view, Japanese physicians should learn professionalism from Confucianism including the teachings of Confucius, the basis of Japanese chivalry, rather than bushido itself, as recommended in a paper written by Nishigori.</p><p></p><p>　On the other hand, Sanpo-yoshi (benefits for all three sides), or a business philosophy, introduced by Nomura in his paper, is family profit-oriented and irrelevant to the above-mentioned "not-for-profit" professionalism. It has been said that "medicine is benevolent art" , and the basis of education on professionalism for Japanese physicians will be developed by learning about "benevolence" from the Analects of Confucius.</p>

Significados e imaginarios de las mentiras piadosas en estudiantes universitarios / Meanings and imaginaries about white lies in university students

Esta experiencia investigativa tuvo como propósito poder comprender los imaginarios que permiten que se mantengan las mentiras piadosas en algunos estudiantes de educación superior, para determinar las simbologías y las creencias que se desarrollan en el proceso de interacción frente a estas. Se circunscribe bajo un paradigma cualitativo siguiendo el método del interaccionismo simbólico. Se llevó a cabo en una institución de educación superior (Bogotá) mediante la conformación de grupos de discusión con la participación de seis estudiantes de dos facultades distintas realizados en el primer semestre del año 2016. A partir de la sistematización de los relatos surgieron como categorías centrales los significados y las creencias de las mentiras, la intención y las consecuencias de estas. Se estableció como conclusiones que la moralidad de las personas influye en la toma de decisión entre decir una mentira o no. Esta puede tener una connotación negativa si hace daño a otros o si genera desconfianza en las relaciones o, ser benevolente si no busca lastimar a alguien, además, puede ser entendida como necesaria. Así mismo, la religión parece ser un factor que juzga el hecho de la mentira dependiendo su intención. Por otro lado, la aceptación cultural es un componente predominante en el manteniendo de las mentiras. Se concluyó que a pesar de que las mentiras son un hecho constante en el diario vivir de las personas, no es muy cuestionable en el ámbito investigativo. Finalmente, dada la variabilidad de terminología asignada blancas, dulces, piadosas), la connotación que se le establece es menos negativa o dañina.

This investigative experience had as purpose to understand the imaginaries that can keep the white lies in some students in higher education, to determine the symbologies and beliefs that are developed in the process of interaction. Is it confined under a qualitative paradigm, following the method of symbolic interactionism. It was realized at an institution of higher education (Bogota) through the conformation of discussion groups with the participation of six students from two different faculties in the first half of the year 2016. the systematization of the stories have emerged as central categories: meanings and beliefs of lies, the intention and the consequences of these. It was established as the conclusions that the morality of individuals influences decision making between tell a lie or not. This can have a negative connotation if it harms others or if it generates distrust in relations or, be benevolent if you are not looking to hurt someone, it can also be understood as necessary. Likewise, religion seems to be a factor that judges the fact lie depending on its intention. On the other hand, cultural acceptance is a predominant factor in the keeping of the lies. It was concluded that while lies are a constant in the daily lives of people fact, it is not very questionable. Finally, despite the variability of assigned terminology, the connotation that takes is less negative or harmful.

Chinese ethics and medical science and technology / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Chinese ethics is a science which takes a wide range of knowledge as the goal of life and changes benevolence,uprightness,ceremony,wisdom and faith into methods to achieve the goal.Advanced medical science and technology is wisdom crystallization of research worker.

Clima ético en una entidad del estado / Ethical climate in a state institution

Esta investigación identificó el clima ético en una Institución del estado relacionado con los factores de egoísmo, benevolencia y principios. El clima corresponde a las percepciones compartidas sobre lo que es una acción éticamente correcta y cómo los temas éticos son desarrollados en una Institución (Cullen y Víctor, 1988). Participaron en el estudio 63 funcionarios. Los resultados evidencian la presencia en la Institución del factor de benevolencia relacionado con las ideas de grupo y equipo, y el factor de principios por la tendencia a cumplir con normas y leyes establecidas en el cargo. Estos resultados confirman las prácticas de la Institución sobre los funcionarios y la coherencia con la formación impartida que se evalúa en el desempeño en el cargo.

The present investigation identifies ethics in the organizational environment of a government institution, related to factors such as: egocentrism, kindness or benevolence and principles. The organizational environment refers to the shared perception of an ethical action and how ethical situations are carried out in an institution (Cullen & Víctor, 1988). Participants included 63 workers in the institution. The results showed evidence that confirms the presence of benevolence, related to: team- group ideas and principles that are related to norms and laws carried out in the role. These results confirm the practices carried out by the institution, its workers, and its relevance with the formation evaluated by the performance in a role.

La responsabilidad moral y política: una mirada juvenil / A responsabilidade moral e política: uma olhada juvenil / Moral and political responsibility: a juvenile look

El presente artículo se deriva de la investigación "Responsabilidad moral y política en la construcción de sociedad de un grupo de jóvenes del colegio Sagrada Familia del municipio de Palestina", en la cual pretendimos indagar por los sentidos morales y políticos que a juicio de las jóvenes y los jóvenes implicaba construir una sociedad democrática, incluyente y plural. Fue un estudio cualitativo en el que combinamos diversas técnicas de recolección de información tales como la entrevista a profundidad, el análisis de situaciones, y el análisis fotográfico. Los resultados del estudio muestran, en primer lugar, que para las jóvenes y los jóvenes las acciones responsables se originan en la percepción del sufrimiento humano y, por consiguiente, se evidencian en acciones solidarias y benevolentes; de igual manera, revelan que para superar las condiciones de sufrimiento se requiere de la participación de las ciudadanas y los ciudadanos en los procesos de exigibilidad del cumplimiento de la ley; en segunda instancia, las acciones responsables configuran sentimientos de identidad con el país, con sus principios democráticos y con la preservación del acuerdo normativo estipulado en la Constitución colombiana.

Este artigo deriva-se da pesquisa "Responsabilidade moral e política na construção de sociedade de um grupo de jovens do colégio Sagrada Familia da Municipalidade de Palestina, Colômbia", na qual se pretende indagar pelos sentidos morais e políticos que, segundo os jovens e as jovens, implicava construir uma sociedade democrática, inclusiva e plural. Foi um estudo qualitativo onde combinam-se técnicas diferentes de coleta de dados tais como a entrevista em profundidade, a analise de situações e a analise fotográfica. Os resultados do estudo amostram, primeiramente, que para os jovens e as jovens as ações responsáveis originam-se na percepção do sofrimento humano e, por conseguinte, evidenciam-se em ações solidarias e benevolentes. Igualmente, estes resultados revelam que para superar as condições de sofrimento se precisa da participação das cidadãs e dos cidadãos nos processos de exigibilidade no cumprimento da lei. Na segunda instancia, as ações responsáveis configuram sentimentos de identidade com o país, com seus princípios democráticos e com a preservação do acordo normativo estipulado na Constituição da Colômbia.

This article results from the research study entitled "Moral and political responsibility in the society construction of a group of youths at Sagrada Familia high school in the Municipality of Palestina, Colombia", which aims at finding out about moral and political meanings that, according to the youths' judgment, implied to construct a plural, including and democratic society. It was a qualitative study where various data gathering techniques such as the in-depth interview, the situation analysis and the photographic analysis were combined. The results from this study show, first, that for both male and female youths, responsible actions are born in the perception of human suffering and that they evidence themselves through solidarity and benevolence actions. At the same time, these studies reveal that for overcoming suffering conditions, the participation of both male and female citizens in the law compliance processes is required. Second, responsible actions configure identity feelings with the country, with its democratic principles and with the preservation of the normative agreement defined in the Colombian Constitution.

Reflections on the Ethical Virtue of Traditional Chinese Medical Ethics——On Strengthening Education of Traditional Chinese Medical Ethics / 中国医学伦理学

Chinese traditional medical ethics is the behavioral regulations of medical staff accumulated by ancient Chinese medical scientist in the long-term medical assistance of exploration and practice.This paper analyzes the ethical virtue of traditional Chinese medical ethics,providing modern medical staff with the essence of traditional medical ethics and revelation for modern medical ethics education,in order to reflect the value pursuit for the long-expansion of Chinese spiritual world.

Discussion about Nurses and Enthusiasm / 中国医学伦理学

Enthusiasm is an intrinsic motive that drives the ethical and moral aspects of nursing practice.Love is the source of enthusiasm.An enthusiastic nurse loves life,work and patients.Loving patients is essential to inflame passion for patient care.A desire for and pursuits of benevolence is the key to enthusiasm.Only the element of benevolence integrated into enthusiasm can nurses arouse a sense of compassion,responsibility and honour,which is then advanced to the realm of humanitarian-Heal the Wounded,Rescue the Dying.The essence of enthusiasm is sincerity,that is,providing patients wholehearted care rather than hypocritical act.Caring for patients is based on goodwill and altruism.Enthusiasm is also the driving force for nurses' creativity.It inspires a positive life,pushes to pursue self-actualization and propels continuous creation.

The Confucian Ethical Thoughts and Hospital Management Philosophy / 中国医学伦理学

Ethical factors serve as the foundation of harmonious hospital construction,the inherent requirement of clinical practice,the consistent goal and means of modern hospital management,and the promotion of the traditional management thought as well.The Confucian doctrines of benevolence,uprightness,politeness,wisdom and integrity all have greatly affected and supported the moral management of hospital.

Medicine Is a Benevolence: On Confucian Ethics and the Construction of Medical Professionalism / 中国医学伦理学

The Confucian culture is rich in ethical thoughts which have great influence on the construction of medical professionalism.There is an internal coherence between Confucian ethics of benevolence and modern view of medical humanity.Shining doctrines in Confucian culture include "benevolent ones are true human beings" and "benevolent ones should be kind to others",etc,all of which have a direct guiding value for the construction of current medical professionalism.