Libras no contexto escolar: instrumento ilustrado de avaliação de narrativas sinalizadas1 / Libras in the school context: illustrated instrument for evaluation of signed narratives

RESUMO O contato inicial com uma língua acessível ocorre, para os estudantes surdos brasileiros, frequentemente no ambiente escolar, ao entrar em contato com outras crianças surdas e com interlocutores adultos fluentes em Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras). Esse acesso tardio pode ocasionar um certo atraso na aquisição e no desenvolvimento da linguagem. Assim, a educação bilíngue de surdos coloca os professores frente ao desafio de como avaliar a Libras no contexto escolar. Diante das propostas educacionais, ainda há poucos instrumentos que contribuam para avaliar os conhecimentos em Libras dos estudantes surdos. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo é, por meio de um instrumento ilustrado de investigação de narrativas sinalizadas, contribuir com a avaliação da Libras e com o trabalho pedagógico de professores que atuam na educação bilíngue de surdos. O instrumento de avaliação de textos narrativos mostra-se bastante sensível para detectar o desenvolvimento linguístico dos discursos narrativos sinalizados, contribuindo intrinsicamente para a observação de funções/necessidades comunicativas.

ABSTRACT The initial contact with an accessible language occurs, for Brazilian deaf students, often in the school environment, when they encounter other deaf children and with adult interlocutors who are fluent in Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS). This late access can cause a certain delay in language acquisition and development. Thus, bilingual education for the deaf place's teachers in the face of the challenge of how to evaluate LIBRAS in the school context. In view of the educational proposals, there are still few instruments that contribute to assessing deaf students' knowledge in LIBRAS. Therefore, the objective of this study is, through an illustrated instrument for investigating signaled narratives, to contribute to the evaluation of LIBRAS and to the pedagogical work of teachers who work in bilingual education for the deaf. The instrument for evaluating narrative texts proves to be quite sensitive to detect the linguistic development of signaled narrative discourses, intrinsically contributing to the observation of communicative functions/needs.

PRAGMATIC DEVELOPMENT IN MONOLINGUAL (KANNADA) AND BILINGUAL (KANNADA-KODAVA) SPEAKING CHILDREN

Pragmatics is a branch of linguistics concerned with the use of language in social interaction. Pragmatic development in children is heavily in?uenced by the environment to which the child is exposed. Pragmatics develop over time, and they differ between monolinguals and bilinguals. The current study looked at pragmatic development in monolinguals and bilinguals between the ages of 2.5 and 4.5 years old, with the primary goal of comparing results within and across two groups. To elicit the response, a test of pragmatic skills (TOPS) was used, and tasks were provided. The ?ndings revealed that bilingual children exhibited more pragmatic skills than monolingual speakers. This study shows that some pragmatic skills, such as labelling and greeting, emerge much earlier and are more signi?cant in bilinguals than in monolinguals, demonstrating that multilinguals have better pragmatic skills than monolinguals. As a result, because some of the skills are prominent at that age, the obtained data can be used to evaluate both children with delayed pragmatic development and typically developing bilingual speaking children.

La educación bilingüe en la enseñanza médica superior, actualidad y necesidades / Bilingual education in higher medical education, current affairs and needs

La educación médica superior se enfrenta a un proceso de constantes transformaciones dada por los adelantos científico-técnicos que vienen sucediendo en el campo de la salud. Estos adelantos concluyen en un volumen gigantesco de información en forma de publicaciones científicas que reúnen información valiosa sobre nuevos avances, esquemas terapéuticos y otros elementos relacionados con la enfermedad. La academia y práctica de la medicina se orienta al uso de la medicina basada en evidencia, por lo que los docentes y estudiantes tendrán una preparación y formación con elevado rigor científico, según las exigencias del contexto médico actual. Sin embargo, uno de los mayores problemas a los que se enfrenta la docencia médica universitaria se relaciona directamente con el dominio del idioma inglés, ya que una parte importante de estos documentos se publica en ese idioma. La educación bilingüe, a pesar de estar incluida dentro del proceso docente educativo como uno de los requisitos a vencer por los estudiantes, continúa siendo un desafío para poder lograr una mayor actualización científica que resulte en una mejor preparación profesional. El objetivo de esta investigación es exponer la situación actual de la educación bilingüe en la educación médica superior y cuáles son las necesidades actuales en este sentido(AU)

Higher medical education faces a process of constant transformations given by the scientific-technical advances that have been taking place in the field of health. These advances conclude in a gigantic volume of information that is expressed in the form of scientific publications that gather valuable information on new advances, therapeutic schemes and other elements related to the disease. The academy and practice of medicine is oriented towards the use of Evidence-Based Medicine; Therefore, teachers and students will have preparation and training with a high level of scientific rigor, according to the demands of the current medical context. However, one of the biggest problems faced by university medical teaching is directly related to the command of the English language, since a significant part of these documents are published in English. Bilingual education, despite being included within the educational teaching process as one of the requirements to be met by students, is presented as a current need in order to achieve a greater scientific update that results in better professional preparation. The objective of this research is to expose the current situation of bilingual education in higher medical education and what are the current needs in this regard(AU)

Práticas Pedagógicas Inclusivas Bilíngues de Letramento para Estudantes Surdos / Inclusive Bilingual Pedagogical Practices of Literacy for Deaf Students

RESUMO: A preocupação sobre o ensino da Língua Portuguesa para surdos permeou a história com diferentes interfaces e concepções. Como uma forma de apresentar proposições sobre o tema, este artigo é um recorte do relato de pesquisa descrito na tese intitulada Análise sobre ensino de Língua Portuguesa para surdos: um estudo em dois Municípios Fluminenses (Castro, 2021), que teve como objetivo geral descrever e analisar as práticas pedagógicas bilíngues utilizadas para ensinar Língua Portuguesa para surdos, em turmas bilíngues inclusivas, no 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental II, em escolas-polo bilíngues do Rio de Janeiro e de Duque de Caxias. Os objetivos específicos foram: demonstrar práticas pedagógicas bilíngues de ensino de Língua Portuguesa para surdos realizadas em turmas bilíngues inclusivas de alunos surdos de escolas-polo dos municípios pesquisados; e destacar elementos que favorecem ou não a aprendizagem de Língua Portuguesa. A realização dessa investigação baseou-se em uma metodologia de abordagem qualitativa (Bauer & Gaskell, 2003), na matriz histórico-cultural com viés multicultural, do tipo estudo de caso (Gil, 2008). A análise dos dados foi realizada na perspectiva microgenética. Como resultado, observou-se que a forma como todos os envolvidos no processo de ensino aos alunos surdos e ouvintes medeiam o conhecimento da Língua Portuguesa, utilizando artefatos da metacognição ou da comunicação inter/multimodal por meio da Língua Brasileira de Sinais - Libras (Kelman, 2015), fazendo positivamente a diferença no ensino e na aprendizagem de todos os alunos. Enfim, considera-se que a qualidade da mediação semiótica utilizada por todos no processo ensino-aprendizagem dos surdos traz resultados positivos sobre a aprendizagem em Língua Portuguesa e sobre seu próprio desenvolvimento.

ABSTRACT: The concern about teaching Portuguese Language to the deaf has permeated history with different interfaces and conceptions. As a way of presenting propositions on the subject, this paper is a cutoff of the research report described in the thesis entitled Análise sobre ensino de Língua Portuguesa para surdos: um estudo em dois Municípios Fluminenses (Castro, 2021) [Analysis on Portuguese Language Teaching for the deaf: a study in two municipalities of Baixada Fluminense), whose main objective was to describe and analyze the bilingual pedagogical practices used to teach Portuguese language for the deaf in inclusive bilingual classes, in the 6th grade of Elementary School II, in bilingual schools of Rio de Janeiro and Duque de Caxias. The specific objectives were: to demonstrate bilingual pedagogical practices of Portuguese Language teaching for the deaf carried out in inclusive bilingual classes of deaf students from schools in the municipalities surveyed, and to highlight elements that favor or not the learning of Portuguese Language. The realization of this investigation was based on a qualitative approach methodology (Bauer & Gaskell, 2003), in the historical-cultural matrix with multicultural perspective, of the case study type (Gil, 2008). The data analysis was performed from the microgenetic perspective. As a result, it was observed that the way everyone who were involved in the process of teaching deaf and hearing students mediate the knowledge of the Portuguese language, using artifacts of metacognition or inter/multimodal communication through the Brazilian Sign Language (Kelman, 2015), making a positive difference in the teaching and learning of all students. In summary, it is considered that the quality of semiotic mediation used by everyone in the teaching-learning process of the deaf brings positive results on their learning of Portuguese language and on their own development.

A Aprendizagem da Língua de Sinais por Crianças Surdas / Learning Sign Language By Deaf Children

RESUMO: Atender às necessidades linguísticas e de escolarização de crianças surdas impõe desafos às famílias e à escola. Assim sendo, este artigo está alicerçado nos estudos realizados em uma pesquisa de Mestrado em Educação, a qual teve por objetivo compreender como acontece a aprendizagem da língua de sinais por crianças surdas, desde os primeiros anos de vida, até a aquisição do português escrito nos anos iniciais da Educação Básica. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa e para o seu desenvolvimento foram adotadas entrevistas narrativas com famílias de crianças surdas e professores atuantes com esses estudantes. As materialidades empíricas oriundas das entrevistas foram organizadas em agrupamentos temáticos e analisadas pela perspectiva da Análise do Discurso com base em Foucault. As narrativas dos familiares evidenciaram que as crianças surdas passam a ter acesso tardiamente à língua de sinais, somente quando frequentam a escola. Nesse espaço, os docentes seguem um currículo escolar homogêneo, com práticas escolares que são elaboradas de forma independente, sem articulação com os intérpretes ou os professores da Língua Brasileira de Sinais do Atendimento Educacional Especializado. O texto evidencia os desafos das famílias e dos docentes infuenciados pela falta de conhecimento da especificidade de comunicação de crianças surdas e da língua de sinais.

ABSTRACT: Fulfilling language and schooling needs of deaf children challenge families and school. Thus, this article is based on studies carried out in a Master's research in Education, which aimed to understand how deaf children learn sign language, from the first years of life, to the acquisition of written Portuguese in the early grades of Basic Education. The research is characterized as qualitative and for its development narrative interviews were adopted with families of deaf children and teachers working with these students. The empirical materialities arising from the interviews were organized into thematic groups and analyzed from the perspective of Discourse Analysis based on Foucault. The family members' narratives showed that deaf children have late access to sign language, only when they attend school. In this space, the teachers follow a homogeneous school syllabus, with school practices that are prepared independently, without articulation with the interpreters or teachers of Brazilian Sign Language from the Specialized Educational Service. The text highlights the challenges of families and teachers infuenced by the lack of knowledge of the specificity of communication of deaf children and sign language.

Application of situational bilingual teaching in standardized residency training of gynecology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application value of situational bilingual teaching in standardized residency training of gynecology.Methods:The study enrolled 64 gynecological residents of Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and they were randomized into experimental group and control group, with 32 residents in each group. The control group was taught by the traditional teaching method, using self-compiled teaching materials of our hospital. The experimental group was taught by the situational bilingual teaching mode, and the teaching materials were the same as those of the control group. The training time of the two groups was two months. After teaching, the training effect was evaluated through examination and satisfaction survey. SPSS 22.0 software was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:After training, the scores of theoretical knowledge, operation skills and case analysis in the experimental group were significantly higher than those before training and after training in the control group ( P<0.05). The learning interest, autonomous learning ability, theoretical knowledge mastery, clinical thinking ability and communication ability of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group ( P<0.05). The number of residents who were very satisfied with the training was significantly higher than that of the control group, and that of residents who were basically satisfied with the training were less than that of the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of situational bilingual teaching in the standardized residency training of gynecology has good teaching effects, which can significantly improve the theoretical performance, clinical operation ability and case analysis ability of the training residents, and also improve the satisfaction of the training residents.

Bilingual training for cognition of older adults: a systematic review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo systematically review the effects of bilingual training on cognition for older adults. MethodsResearches about bilingual training for cognition for the older adults were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wanfang Data, and CNKI from 2011 to May, 2021, supplemented by references backtracking and manual retrieval. The data was extracted for analysis. ResultsA total of 21 researches were included from twelve countries, which published mainly on journals of medicine, neurology, psychology, biology, etc., in 2017 and 2019. Most of the researches were prospective researches and retrospective researches, and the targeted groups including healthy people, people with dementia and people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The objects mainly involved the effects of bilingualism on cognition, the pathways and the limitations. ConclusionBilingual training may improve the cognition for older adults, through the brain connection related with memory, attention and execution, to delay the onset of AD or dementia; which may associate with the improvement of brain structure and function, including connectivity among regions, activation of cortical circuits, and structural integrity and plasticity. The effects are mainly on execution and perception, and delaying the cognitive decline, which appear in a short term. Bilingual training may finally promote language function, maintain the integrity of the brain structures, and compensate cognitive decline using more potential neural circuits. However, these researches need more uniform criteria for subjects, more reasonable control conditions, and more uniform paradigms.

Application of mixed teaching mode based on SPOC and interactive tool in course of nursing bilingual education / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application of mixed teaching mode based on small private online course (SPOC) and interactive tool in course of obstetric and gynecological nursing bilingual education.Methods:Nursing undergraduates from Batch 2018 of Chongqing Medical University were recruited in the study, with 336 students in the intervention group and 332 students in the control group. Mixed teaching method based on the SPOC and interactive tool was used for teaching in the intervention group, and traditional teaching methods were used in the control group. At the end of the course, formative evaluation indicators, such as students' academic performance, online study and students' classroom performance were compared between the two groups. SPSS 26.0 was used to perform t test and chi-square test of the data. Results:The final scores of the intervention group were (67.84±8.65) points, compared with the control group [(66.50±7.29) points]; the bilingual section scores of the intervention group were (5.32±1.90) points, compared with the control group [(4.95±1.92) points], with statistically significant differences between the two groups ( P<0.05). The online study and students' classroom performances of the intervention group were better than those of the control group ( P<0.05). Most students of the intervention group believed the mixed teaching method based on the SPOC and interactive tool could develop the ability of autonomous learning, improve the professional achievement and enhance the level of English. Conclusion:The mixed teaching method based on the SPOC and interactive tool can develop the students' ability of autonomous learning and enhance the teaching effect.

Research progress in the application of functional near infrared spectroscopy in children language development / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging neuroimaging technology, which has such advantages as non-invasiveness, portability, robustness to motion and no noise over other neuroimaging tools.Therefore, it has important values in the research of children language development.fNIRS has been currently applied to the study of neonatal word recognition, infant speech perception, language functional lateralization, bilingual cognitive mechanism, language related neurodevelopmental disorders, etc.It has a bright future of applications in the field of children language development.

Application of bilingual mixed grouping in ward round teaching for overseas students in cardiology department / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Due to the problems of language barriers and cultural differences existing in the current clinical practice teaching activities of overseas students, this study proposes to divide the oversea students and Chinese students into bilingual mixed groups in the ward rounds teaching. Through the selection of typical cases and the application of flipped classroom, the Chinese and English versions of learning materials related to disease are provided to the interns for learning in advance, and the oversea students and Chinese students are requested to complete the history and auxiliary examination data collection in Chinese and English in cooperation, and then the teacher leads the group to carry out ward rounds teaching, including bedside English history report, physical examination, case analysis, discussion and summary, so as to improve the participation enthusiasm of overseas students and also improve the teaching effects.

Research progress on bilingualism and Alzheimer's disease / 中华老年医学杂志

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most common type of dementia.It is of great significance to systematically explore the interaction between bilingualism and AD for patients' cognitive rehabilitation and reduction of the burden on patients' families and society.Based on our literature review, bilingualism may be a beneficial factor for cognitive reserve helping to delay the onset of AD and thus exert positive effects mitigating the decline in patients' cognitive ability such as memory, executive control and visuospatial function.In turn, AD can impair patients' bilingual ability to varying degrees.In future research, more efforts should be directed toward elucidating the influence of bilingual characteristics, the age of second language acquisition, second language proficiency and other factors on AD as well as the influence of AD on patients' attention, emotional cognition and social cognition.

Reform and practical experience of bilingual course for "Environmental Biotechnology" with the development of "Emerging Engineering Education" / 生物工程学报

The construction of "Emerging Engineering Education" aims at cultivating high-quality graduates capable of engineering practice, innovation and international competitiveness. Bilingual courses have become one of the effective means to cultivate qualified students with skills of both professional knowledge and international communication. However, the teaching effect of most bilingual courses is not very ideal. Based on analyzing common problems in the current bilingual teaching, we take the bilingual course of environmental biotechnology as an example, and discusses possible improvement strategies from the aspects of the construction of teaching mode, the establishment of quality control system, the selection of textbooks and the optimization of assessment methods. Moreover, we summarize experience and shortcomings on improving the lecturers' ability, students' learning enthusiasm and school's support. It is expected to provide useful reference for improving the effect of bilingual teaching in biotechnology-relevant courses.

Application of bilingual supplementary teaching materials in nursing teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To evaluate the quality and application of the Pocket Book of Bilingual Nursing Vocabulary of Fundamental Nursing Skills.Methods Anonymous questionnaire surveys were conducted among 180 nursing students (English orientation) of Nursing Department of Xiamen Medical College to investigate the application effectiveness of the Pocket Book of Bilingual Nursing Vocabulary of Fundamental Nursing Skills.The contents of questionnaire survey included:the students' views on vocabulary difficulty level,content,and layout of the textbook.A total of 180 questionnaires were distributed and 172 valid questionnaires were retrieved.Percentages were used to describe students' evaluation on the effectiveness of the textbooks.Results 89.4％ of students' good evaluation of the teaching material was mainly manifested in the following aspects:large and highly targeted vocabulary by 84.9％ (146/172),comprehensive and practical vocabulary by 89.0％ (153/172),closely linked to nursing by 81.4％ (140/172),focusing on English proficiency by 81.4％ (140/172),learning aided with phonetic symbols by 93.0％ (160/172) and easy memorizing with illustrated pictures by 94.8％ (163/172),small and potable by 95.3％ (164/172).Conclusion This teaching material is comprehensive,practical,small and portable and is an innovation of content and format with illustrated pictures,has been proved to be in bilingual nursing teaching.It also provides a positive valuable reference to teachers on the other bilingual teaching or compiling other supplementary bilingual textbooks.

An evaluation of the present situation of bilingual teaching in eight-year M.D.program and a vista for possible reformative schemes / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Bilingual teaching is a necessary product in the field of both English teaching and professional courses teaching induced directly by a purpose to catch up with international education level during the process of educational reforms.Yet few researches launched to study possible ways which may improve the curriculum model have been reported in the last five years.In order to follow up the previous studies and present fresh ideas as well as conclusions,this survey reflects the current status of bilingual teaching in eight-year M.D.program from the perspectives of both the teachers and students via questionnaire analysis together with face to face interviews.Moreover,our survey expresses underlying deficiencies of this teaching system from brand-new aspects which have never been discussed before along with their corresponding solutions objectively.

Concepção do Primeiro Curso Online de Pedagogia em uma Perspectiva Bilíngue Libras-Português1 / Design of the First Online Pedagogy Course in a Bilingual Perspective Brazilian Sign Language-Portuguese

RESUMO: o presente artigo tem como objetivo contextualizar o processo de construção do primeiro curso superior online de Pedagogia Bilíngue (Libras- Português). Esta iniciativa é resultado de demanda do Governo Federal que instituiu a criação de cursos de Pedagogia na perspectiva bilíngue como parte integrante do Plano Nacional dos Direitos da Pessoa com Deficiência. Neste artigo, procuramos evidenciar o posicionamento político-pedagógico do Curso, a dinâmica entre os fundamentos da educação online colaborativa e as especificidades da educação de surdos, criando um lócus de realização capaz de potencializar as interações entre estudantes surdos e não-surdos por meio do círculo de cultura.

ABSTRACT: This paper contextualizes the design process of the first online Bilingual Pedagogy course in Brazilian Sign Language and Portuguese. This initiative resulted from the Brazilian Federal Government's demand for bilingual pedagogy courses as part of the National Plan for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. In the present paper, we highlight the political-pedagogical principles that guided this course, the dynamics surrounding the propositions of collaborative online education and the specificities of deaf people. Our goal is to develop a creative locus where interactions between deaf and non-deaf students is catalyzed by a circle of culture.

Construction of the training mode of English teaching ability for medical professional teachers / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To explore the reasonable construction of the bilingual teaching training mode for medical professional teachers so as to improve the effectiveness of the bilingual teacher training,promote the development of faculties and the quality of bilingual teaching in colleges and universities.Methods First,need analysis was done on 45 medical teachers who had taught medical scienc.e in English or intended to do it in Third Military Medical University and four basic modules were formed lectures in class,one on one instruction,self training,simulation teaching.Lectures in class are related to how to improve students' ability of language,make PPT and design teaching plans.One on one instruction focuses on pronunciation,lecture notes writing in English,trial teaching and teaching attitude;self training includes human-computer interaction in listening and speaking,independent preparation for lessons and video learning;simulation teaching is composed of trial lecture in class,teacher-student comments and demo lessons.Then 3 students participating the training was investigated and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to calculate the weights of every indices.Results Primary index weights are:0.490 for one-on-one tutoring;0.240 for simulated teaching;0.180 for having English lessons;0.082 for independent learning.Weights of secondary indices are as the following.Trial teaching,the lecture notes writing in English and the training for English pronunciation and teachers' classroom language which are subordinate to the primary index of one-on-one tutoring are 0.180 0,0.150 0 and 0.096 0 respectively;teachers' comments and peer feed-back and demo class under the primary indices of simulated teaching are 0.120 0 and 0.091 0.Conclusion In order to improve the teaching ability in English,it is necessary to strengthen the one-onone tutoring for medical professional teachers,highlight English teachers' comments and peer assessment and excavate the effect of demo classes in the training program.

Application of flipped class model in special population nutrition bilingual teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To investigate the students' perception and effectiveness of the flipped class model in bilingual education in special population nutrition class.Method Two classes of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were exposed to either the flipped class model or the traditional class model.In the flipped class model,the students were provided a wealth of teaching resources such as short videos before class.In addition,a series of pedagogical approaches were used to develop the students' cognitive ability.The questionnaire survey and class quiz were employed to evaluate the students' perception and effectiveness of the flipped class model.Results The students in the experimental group have significant higher scores in professional vocabulary section [(23.10 ± 0.71) vs.(21.10 ± 0.67)],listening and speaking section [(21.20 ± 0.78) vs.(19.00 ± 0.74)],essay questions section [(37.80 ± 0.96) vs.(34.40 ± 1.15)],and total test scores [(82.20 ± 1.50) vs.(74.50 ± 1.52)] than did the students in the control group.In addition,the flipped class model ignites the students' learning interest,reduces the learning anxiety,and develops their learning autonomy.Conclusion The flipped class model is a highly effective means that promotes the student centered active learning.This study provides reference for implementation of the flipped class model in Chinese medical bilingual education.

The effects of the quantitative evaluation of the teaching objective in the anatomy classroom to im-prove the international students’ academic ability / 中华医学教育探索杂志

[Absrtact] Objective To investigate the effect of anatomic quantitative target evaluation of class-room teaching on students' professional knowledge learning ability. Methods Twenty-five international students of 6-year program of grade 2013 were chosen as the experimental group, while twenty-seven Chinese students coming from the same class of grade 2013 and fifteen international students of 6-year program of grade 2012 were chosen as two control groups; quantitative and non-quantitative evaluation were imple-mented respectively by classroom questions and answers; teaching effects were evaluated by scales in the separation of teaching and examination, by records of answers for in-class questions and by questionnaire survey; SPSS 20.0 was used to make statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test to com-pare the scores of three groups of students, P Quantitative evaluation of teaching objectives in anatomy class can improve the learning attitude of foreign students and enhance their academic ability.

Practice and Exploration for the Teaching of New Drug Clinical Research / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To Provide reference for improving teaching levels of New Drug Clinical Research and training for pharmaceutical research talents. METHODS:The experiment teaching in 2013 graduate student of the Fourth Military Medical Uni-versity was taken as a pilot,different teaching methods were introduced in various chapters of New Drug Clinical Research,and ap-praisal system was perfected. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Some appropriate methods are established,for example,conductive teaching,problem-based learning,spot-teaching and bilingual-teaching. The appraisal system including usual performance and re-search proposal is established,it has improved enthusiasm and initiative of students,promoted teaching quality,obtained certain achievements,which provides reference for the training methods on the cultivation of innovative and professional pharmaceutical tal-ents.

Research on application of Chinese-Uyghur bilingual multimedia courseware in continuing medical education for Uygur rural physician in Xin Jiang / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Object Compare application of Han or Uyghur and Han-Uyghur bilingual multimedia courseware in continuing medical education for Uygur rural physicians.Methods 54 Uygur rural physicians who accepting continuing medical education were selected to be the study participants.We compared teaching effect between using Han or Uyghur and Han-Uyghur bilingual multimedia coursewares.Results Application of Han Uyghur bilingual multimedia courseware helped to improve learning interest 、confidence、reading ability and the comprehension of course;and improve examination score.Conclusion Application of Chinese-Uyghur bilingual multimedia courseware in continuing medical education for Uygur rural physician can result good learning effect,achieve the purpose of learn ing.