Electrooxidation of sulfanilamide and its voltammetric determination in pharmaceutical formulation, human urine and serum on glassy carbon electrode / 药物分析学报

For the first time, sulfanilamide (SFD) was determined in otologic solution, human urine and serum by electroanalytical techniques on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments showed an irreversible oxidation peak at +1.06 V in 0.1 mol/L BRBS (pH = 2.0) at 50 mV/s. Different vol-tammetric scan rates (from 10 to 250 mV/s) suggested that the oxidation of SFD on the GCE was a diffusion-controlled process. Square-wave voltammetry (SWV) method under optimized conditions showed a linear response to SFD from 5.0 to 74.7μmol/L (R = 0.999) with detection and quantification limits of 0.92 and 3.10μmol/L, respectively. The developed SWV method showed better results for detection limit and linear range than the chronoamperometry method. It has been successfully applied to determine SFD concentration in pharmaceutical formulation, human urine and serum samples with recovery close to 100%.

Electrochemical determination of an anti-hyperlipidimic drug pitavastatin at electrochemical sensor based on electrochemically pre-treated polymer film modified GCE / 药物分析学报

An electrochemically pretreated silver macroporous (Ag MP) multiwalled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode (PAN-Ag MP-MWCNT-GCE) was fabricated for the selective determination of an anti-hyperlipidimic drug, pitavastatin (PST). The fabricated electrochemical sensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The fabricated electrode was employed in quantifying and determining PST through differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DPAdSV) and CV. The electrode fabrication proceeded with remarkable sensitivity to the determination of PST. The effect of various optimized parameters such as pH, scan rate (ν), accumulation time (tacc), accumulation potential (Uacc) and loading volumes of Ag MP-MWCNT suspension were investigated to evaluate the performance of synthesized electrochemical sensor and to propose a simple, accurate, rapid and economical procedure for the quantification of PST in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids. A linear response of PST concentration in the range 2.0×10?7–1.6×10?6 M with low detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) limits of 9.66 ± 0.04 nM and 32.25 ± 0.07 nM, respectively, were obtained under these optimized conditions.

Modern Methods for Analysis of Antiepileptic Drugs in the Biological Fluids for Pharmacokinetics, Bioequivalence and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Epilepsy is a chronic disease occurring in approximately 1.0% of the world's population. About 30% of the epileptic patients treated with availably antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) continue to have seizures and are considered therapy-resistant or refractory patients. The ultimate goal for the use of AEDs is complete cessation of seizures without side effects. Because of a narrow therapeutic index of AEDs, a complete understanding of its clinical pharmacokinetics is essential for understanding of the pharmacodynamics of these drugs. These drug concentrations in biological fluids serve as surrogate markers and can be used to guide or target drug dosing. Because early studies demonstrated clinical and/or electroencephalographic correlations with serum concentrations of several AEDs, It has been almost 50 years since clinicians started using plasma concentrations of AEDs to optimize pharmacotherapy in patients with epilepsy. Therefore, validated analytical method for concentrations of AEDs in biological fluids is a necessity in order to explore pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence and TDM in various clinical situations. There are hundreds of published articles on the analysis of specific AEDs by a wide variety of analytical methods in biological samples have appears over the past decade. This review intends to provide an updated, concise overview on the modern method development for monitoring AEDs for pharmacokinetic studies, bioequivalence and therapeutic drug monitoring.

Accidentabilidad por exposición muco cutánea a fluidos biológicos en profesionales de laboratorios clínicos / Accidentality from mucocutaneous exposure to biological fluids among clinical laboratory professionals

Se determinó la exposición laboral accidental a fluidos biológicos por contacto muco-cutáneo y factores asociados, mediante un estudio descriptivo dirigido a una muestra de 156 bioanalistas adscritos a laboratorios clínicos públicos del área metropolitana del estado Zulia. Para la recolección de datos se diseñó un instrumento que explora la exposición y factores vinculados así como el cumplimiento de medidas post exposición biológica. El promedio de edad de los Bioanalistas fue de 41.9 ± 9.7 años con predominio del sexo femenino 87,2 por ciento. Se evidencia exposición por accidentes muco-cutáneos con una tasa de prevalencia de 176,2 accidentes por cada 100 trabajadores, representados principalmente por salpicaduras 44,3 por ciento y spray 32,7 por ciento detectados en razón de su ocurrencia en un nivel de exposición moderado, en las edades , 54-60 y 26-32 años, en sexo femenino, entre 1-8 años de antigüedad, durante la jornada diurna. La accidentabilidad en relación a los factores asociados, se registra en un nivel de exposición moderado, con todos los fluidos biológicos indagados, en pequeño volumen, a nivel de mucosa ocular, en áreas de procesamiento de muestras y disposición de desechos en el laboratorio. Un nivel de mediano cumplimiento se obtuvo para el manejo post exposición identificándose diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las medidas indagadas (p> 0.01). La magnitud y características de la exposición a fluidos biológicos revisten una problemática que puede impactar en la salud del personal y debe ser abordada institucionalmente para una efectiva gestión de prevención y control de riesgo.

Occupational exposure to biological fluids through mucocutaneous contact and related factors was determined through a descriptive study using a sample of 156 medical technicians working in public clinical laboratories in the metropolitan area of Zulia. A survey for data collection was designed which explored exposure and related factors such as compliance with post biological exposure measures. The age average of the bioanalysts was 41.9± 9.7; 87.2 percent were female. Results evidenced occupational exposure through mucocutaneous accidents, with a prevalence rate of 172.6 accidents for every 100 workers, represented primarily by splashes 44.3 percent and spray 32.7 percent, detected at a moderate level involving female workers with age ranges 54-60 and 26-32, 1-8 years on the job, during day shifts. Biological accidentality according to associate factors showed moderate exposure levels for all the biological fluids investigated in small volumes, at the level of the ocular mucosa, in sample processing and waste disposal areas. A medium compliance level was recorded for post-exposure handling, with a statistically significant difference (p>0.01) among the measures investigated. The magnitude and characteristics of exposure to biological fluids poses a problem that could impact personnel health, and it should be addressed institutionally to achieve effective prevention and risk control management.

Determination of curcuminoids in biological fluids and its application.

Method development for the determination of major constituents from Khamin-chan, Curcuma longa Linn., which are curcumin (CI), demethoxycurcumin (CII) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (CIII) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed. The reverse phase HPLC system consisted of a Dupont Zorbax ODS column, and 36% tetrahydrofuran (THF) in 10% glacial acetic acid as a mobile phase. The column effluent was monitored by a Jasco FP-210 Spectrofluorometer detector with Ex = 420 nm, and Em = 530 nm. The correlation of calibration curve of CI, CII and CIII were excellent with their r’s value 0.99 in all cases. The reproducibility study gave a very good results with the percent C.V. of about 5 percent or less for all three curcuminoids. With this analytical procedure, pharmacokinetic study of Khamin-chan in in situ model was undertaken. It was found that all three curcuminoids were poorly absorbed. About 60-70 percent of curcumins were absorbed within 30 minutes. While there was no statistical difference in the absorption rate between CI and CII, the poorest absorption compound was found to be CIII.