RESUMO
To investigate if ginkgo biloba extract (Egb-761) can improve tardive dyskinesia (TD) symptoms through increasing the activity of plasma MnSOD. Methods We enrolled a total of 384 schizophrenia patients including 157 TD patients and 227 non-TD patients, as well as 280 normal subjects. The difference of MnSOD level in plasma among these groups were compared. TD patients were then randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group (n=77) and the placebo group (n=75) were treated with 240 mg of Egb-761 or placebo per day for 12 weeks, respectively. The abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS) and the positive and negative symptoms scale (PANSS) were used to evaluate the severity of the symptoms in baseline, the sixth week and the twelfth week after treatment. The level of MnSOD activity in plasma was also detected before and after the treatment. Results The level of MnSOD activity was lower in schizophrenia groups than in healthy control group (P＜0.01). In addition, the level of MnSOD activity was significantly lower in TD group than in non-TD group (P＜0.05). Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that group effect (F=4.00, P=0.05), time effect (F=32.17, P＜0.01) and interactive effect of group and time (F=39.04, P＜0.01) were significant in AIMS total score. The AIMS total score of treatment group was significantly lower than that of placebo group at 6-week and 12-week time points (all P＜0.01). Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that time effect (F=23.04, P＜0.01) and interactive effect of group and time (F=6.41, P＜0.05) were significant in the level of MnSOD activity. In addition, the level of MnSOD at baseline was significantly correlated with the reduction of AIMS total score during the treatment period (r=0.27, P=0.018). Conclusion Treatment of Egb-761 can improve symptoms of TD and activity of MnSOD.
RESUMO
Aims: this study sought to assess the reproductive performance of sows inseminated with sperm treated with homeopathic medicines. Materials and methods: the semen of 2 sexually mature boars age 18 months Pietrain and Duroc cross-bred with similar genetic and reproductive performance were chosen, as well as 125 sows. Sixteen samples of semen were collected and standardized through semen evaluation. Three homeopathic preparations and a placebo (control) were tested on the sperm (n=31/32 per group): Avena sativa 6cH, Pulsatilla nigricans 6cH and Avena sativa 6cH + Pulsatilla nigricans 6cH. Sows were inseminated 3 times with the same estrous diagnostic procedures. Results: there was significant difference (p<0.05) between Avena sativa 6cH and the other 3 groups regarding the return to estrus and parturition rate. There was no significant difference among the groups regarding the number of newborn piglets. Conclusion: these data suggest that homeopathic preparation Avena sativa may be used directly on sperm cells to improve the parturition rate in technified swine farms.
Objetivos: este estudo buscou avaliar o rendimento reprodutivo de suínos inseminados com esperma tratado com medicamentos homeopáticos. Materiais e métodos: o esperma de dois suínos sexualmente maduros de 18 meses de idade híbridos Pietrain e Duroc, com rendimento genético e reprodutivo similares foi selecionado, assim como 125 fêmeas. Dezesseis amostras de esperma foram coletadas e estandarizadas através de avaliação do esperma. Três preparações homeopáticas e um controle (placebo) foram testados no esperma (n=31/32 por grupo): Avena sativa 6cH, Pulsatilla nigricans 6cH and Avena sativa 6cH + Pulsatilla nigricans 6cH. As fêmeas foram inseminadas 3 vezes com os mesmos procedimentos de diagnóstico do estro. Resultados: houve diferença significativa (p< 0,05) entre Avena sativa 6cH e os outros 3 grupos no retorno ao estro e taxa de partos. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos no número de recém-nascidos. Conclusão: os dados sugerem que a preparação homeopática Avena sativa pode ser utilizada diretamente nas células espermáticas para melhorar a taxa de partos em fazendas tecnificadas de criação de suínos.
Objetivos; este estudio busco evaluar el rendimiento reproductivo de porcinos inseminados com esperma tratado com medicamentos homeopáticos. Materiales y métodos: el esperma de 2 porcinos sexualmente maduros de 18 meses de edad híbridos Pietrain y Duroc, com rendimiento genético y reproductivo similares fue seleccionado, así como 125 hembras. Dieciséis muestras de esperma fueron recogidas y estandarizadas mediante evaluación del esperma. Tres preparados homeopáticos y un control (placebo) fueron testeados en el esperma (n=31/32 por grupo): Avena sativa 6cH, Pulsatilla nigricans 6cH and Avena sativa 6cH + Pulsatilla nigricans 6cH. Las hembras fueron inseminadas 3 veces con los mismos procedimientos de diagnóstico del estro. Resultados: hubo diferencia significativa (p< 0,05) para Avena sativa 6cH en comparación con los demás grupos en el retorno al estro y tasa de partos. No hubo diferencia significativa entre ninguno de los grupos en el número de recién nacidos. Conclusión: estos datos sugieren que el preparado homeopático Avena sativa puede ser directamente utilizado en las células espermáticas para mejorar la tasa de partos en granjas tecnificadas de porcinos.Palabras llave: porcinos; rendimiento reproductivo; esperma; homeopatía; estudio ciego controlado.