Sub-Chronic Safety Assessment on the Use of Solanum aethiopicum (L.) Leaf Extract as Blood Booster in Male Wistar Rats

Aim: The effect of Solanum aethiopicum (SA) on the haematological indices of Wistar rats was investigated in this study. Methodology: A total of 20 male Wistar rats with an average 172.45±0.15 g were distributed into four groups (A – D) and allowed to acclimatize for two weeks. Group A served as the control, while groups B, C, and D were given aqueous extracts of SA at doses of 75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 225 mg/kg per body weight, respectively, every 48 hours for 30 days. After the exposure period, a final evaluation and sacrifice of the rats was performed. Blood sample collection was carried for full blood count and blood film preparation. Results: The result of this study showed that leaf extract of Solanum aethiopicum caused a significant increase in white blood cells (18.18±0.78 - 27.08±2.68 x 103/?l), especially lymphocytes (13.58±2.48 - 30.95±4.65 x 103/?l) in group of rats when compared to control. On the contrary, there was a non-significant reduction in red blood cells (7.78±0.04 - 7.19±0.45 x 106/?l), hemoglobin (16.92±0.62 - 14.55±0.95 g/dl), haematocrit (41.49±0.29 - 38.38±1.68 %), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (21.71±0.91 - 20.30±0.10 ?g) when compared to the control. Platelet (451.25±87.25 - 724.75±249.25 x 103/?l) and Plateletcrit (0.36±0.07 - 0.50±0.17 %) was significantly higher in treated group, while mean platelet volume (8.21±0.31 - 6.98±0.07 ?m3) and platelet distribution width (18.68±1.38 - 15.93±0.73 %) was low when compared with control. Conclusion: The current study has demonstrated that the leaves of Solanum aethiopicum may be safe to consume in regulated amount, as it has been shown to boost blood indices. These plant extracts may be utilized as a blood promoting potentials as it has been shown to strengthens the body's immune system particularly cell-mediated immunity, have no hemotoxic impact on the red blood cell and its indices and improve the ability for the body to repair itself as seen from the platelet count and its indices.

Predictive Value of Complete Blood Count and Inflammation Marker on Risk of Recurrence in Children with Henoch-Schönlein Purpura / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the predictive value of complete blood count (CBC) and inflammation marker on the recurrence risk in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP).@*METHODS@#One hundred and thirty-three children with HSP admitted to Cangzhou Central Hospital from February 2017 to March 2019 were enrolled. The clinical data of the children were collected, at the time of admission CBC and C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected. After discharge, the children were followed up for 1 year, the clinical data of children with and without recurrence were compared, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting HSP recurrence. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve should be drawn and the predictive value of CBC and CRP on HSP recurrence should be analyzed.@*RESULTS@#In the follow-up of 133 children, 8 cases were lost and 39 cases recurred, with a recurrence rate of 31.20% (39/125). The age, skin rash duration, proportion of renal damage at the initial onset, percentage of neutrophils, percentage of lymphocytes, platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), MPV/PLT ratio (MPR), and CRP level of patients with recurrence were statistically different from those without recurrence (P <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that long skin rash duration, renal damage at the initial onset, increased PLR, high PLT, increased MPV and elevated CRP level were independent risk factors for recurrence in children with HSP (P <0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the combination of the four blood and inflammation marker (PLT, MPV, PLR and CPR) in the early prediction of HSP recurrence was 0.898, which was higher than the initial renal damage (AUC=0.687) and persistent skin rash time (AUC=0.708), with a sensitivity of 84.62% and a specificity of 83.72%.@*CONCLUSION@#Observation of CBC and CPR can predict the risk of HSP recurrence early and guide early clinical intervention.

Study on changes in complete blood cell count parameters of patients with occupational silicosis / 中国职业医学

{L-End}Objective To study the changes of complete blood cell count parameters and its influencing factors in patients with occupational silicosis (hereinafter referred to as "silicosis"). {L-End}Methods A total of 354 silicosis patients were selected as the research subjects using judgment sampling method. The patients were divided into stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ groups according to the stage of silicosis. Based on the course of the disease, they were divided into groups of ≤3, >3-≤6, >6-≤9 and >9-≤12 years. The peripheral blood of the patients was collected for complete blood cell count analysis, and the influencing factors of complete blood cell count were analyzed by multiple linear regression model. {L-End}Results The levels of hemoglobin and the average red blood cell hemoglobin in patients with silicosis at stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups were lower than those at stageⅠgroup (all P<0.05). The percentage and counts of neutrophils increased in patients at stage Ⅲ group (all P<0.05), while the percentage and counts of lymphocytes decreased (all P<0.05) compared with those in stage Ⅰand Ⅱ groups. The percentage of eosinophils in patients at stage Ⅲ was lower than those at stage Ⅰ group (P<0.05). The red blood cell count in the courses of silicosis >6-􀰤9 years group was lower (P<0.05), and the percentage of neutrophils was higher, while the percentage of lymphocyte was lower in the courses of silicosis >6-􀰤9 years group and >9-􀰤12 years group (all P<0.05) compared with the courses of silicosis ≤3 years and >3-􀰤6 years groups. The mean corpuscular volume of the courses of silicosis >6-􀰤9 years group and the neutrophil count of the courses of silicosis >9-􀰤12 years group increased (all P<0.05) compared with the courses of silicosis ≤3 years group. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the silicosis stage and course of silicosis were influencing factors of erythrocyte count (all P<0.05), gender and age of first dust-exposure were influencing factors of hemoglobin level (all P<0.05), while age at diagnosis, duration of dust-exposure, age of first dust-exposure and comorbidities were influencing factors of neutrophil count (all P<0.05). Gender, comorbidities, smoking and silicosis stage were influencing factors of lymphocyte count (all P<0.05). {L-End}Conclusion There are differences in complete blood cell count parameters in patients with silicosis at different stages and courses of the disease. Silicosis stage, course of disease, gender, age, smoking,comorbidities, duration of dust-exposure and age of first dust-exposure were influencing factors affecting complete blood cell count in silicosis patients.

Alteraciones hematológicas en sangre periférica de pacientes con COVID-19 / Molecular study of leukemias: essential tool for the hematologist

Introducción: Los primeros casos con neumonía atípica de etiología desconocida fueron reportados en Wuhan, China en diciembre de 2019. En enero 2020 se describió como agente causal un nuevo tipo de virus de la familia Coronaviridae, denominado SARS-CoV-2. Objetivo: Evaluar la significación clínica de los cambios hematológicos y morfológicos en la sangre periférica de pacientes con COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal que incluyó a los pacientes con COVID-19 que ingresaron en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Docente Freyre de Andrade desde el 1ro de junio hasta 31 de septiembre de 2021. Los pacientes fueron asignados a dos grupos según fueron admitidos, en las unidades de vigilancia intensiva o en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Se les realizó hemograma completo y lámina periférica el día del ingreso para evaluar la significación clínica de estas variables en la evolución de estos pacientes. Resultados: El sexo femenino predominó en los pacientes ingresados en unidades de vigilancia intensiva (67,36 %) y el masculino en los ingresados en unidades de cuidados intensivos (63,26 %). La media de edad fue mayor en el grupo de pacientes en cuidados intensivos (65,83 años). La leucocitosis y el menor recuento de plaquetas predominaron en los pacientes ingresados en cuidados intensivos, seguido de linfopenia. Las macroplaquetas, las vacuolas citoplasmáticas y las granulaciones tóxicas fueron más frecuentes en el grupo de cuidados intensivos. Conclusiones: El hemograma y el frotis de sangre periférica son útiles para diagnosticar y predecir la evolución de los pacientes y permiten un mejor manejo de la infección.

Introduction: The first cases of atypical pneumonia of unknown etiology were reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. In January 2020 a new virus from Coronaviridae family was described as causal agent and was named SARS-COV-2. Objectives: To evaluate the clinical significance of numerical values of complete blood count (CBC) and morphologic changes on peripheral blood on patients with COVID-19. Methods: A descriptive, observational, transversal study included patients with diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted in Freyre de Andrade Hospital in Havana, between June 1st and September 31st of 2022 was carried out. Patients were assigned to two groups according to their admission in intensive vigilance ward or intensive care unit. CBC test and peripheral blood smear were performed on admission day to evaluate the significance on clinical evolution. Results: Female sex predominated on intensive vigilance group (67,36 %) and male in intensive care group (63,26 %). Media of age was superior in intensive care group (67,83 years). Leukocytosis and low level of platelets count were significantly more common in more severe group followed by lymphopenia. The presence of big platelets, cytoplasmic vacuoles and toxic granules were more common in intensive care unit group. Conclusions: The CBC and peripheral blood smear are useful tools to diagnose and predict clinical evolution and allow a better management of infection.

Perfil hematológico de idoso com dengue internado em unidade de terapia intensiva / Hematological profile of elderly people with dengue hospitalized in an intensive care unit / Perfil hematológico de ancianos con dengue hospitalizados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos

Introdução: A dengue é considerada a arbovirose mais comum no mundo, sendo hoje um problema crescente de saúde pública. Objetivo: Por ser considerada de alta prevalência, foi realizada a avaliação hematológica de um paciente hospitalizado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva na cidade de Umuarama-PR. Metodologia: Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo retrospectivo, do qual foram analisados os resultados de hemogramas obtidos por um laboratório local, considerando que o paciente constava como sorologia positiva para NS1. Foram avaliados 09 laudos de hemograma emitidos durantes 5 dias de internamento do paciente. Os resultados foram comparados entre os laudos e com os valores de referência disponibilizados pelo próprio laudo. Resultados: Com base na análise dos hemogramas pode-se verificar a redução do hematócrito em 33,33%, macrocitose em 88,9%, leucopenia em 27,3%, trombocitopenia em 27,3%. Conclusão: Conclui-se que através dos laudos avaliados foram encontrados plaquetopenia, leucopenia, linfocitopenia, eosinopenia, neutropenia, monocitopenia. Evidenciando o hemograma como uma ferramenta laboratorial de grande auxílio na avaliação do paciente.

Introduction: Dengue is considered the most common arbovirus in the world, and is now a growing public health problem. Objective: Due to its high prevalence, a hematological evaluation of a patient hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit in the city of Umuarama-PR was carried out. Methodology: This was a retrospective descriptive study, in which the results of blood counts obtained by a local laboratory were analyzed, considering that the patient had positive serology for NS1. 09 blood count reports issued during the 5 days of the patient's hospitalization were evaluated. The results were compared between the reports and with the reference values provided by the report itself. Results: Based on the analysis of blood counts, it was possible to verify a reduction in hematocrit in 33.33%, macrocytosis in 88.9%, leukopenia in 27.3%, thrombocytopenia in 27.3%. Conclusion: It is concluded that through the evaluated reports, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, lymphocytopenia, eosinopenia, neutropenia, monocytopenia were found. Evidencing the blood count as a laboratory tool of great help in the evaluation of the patient.

Introducción: El dengue es considerado el arbovirus más común en el mundo, y actualmente es un problema creciente de salud pública. Objetivo: Debido a su alta prevalencia, se realizó una evaluación hematológica de un paciente hospitalizado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de la ciudad de Umuarama-PR. Metodología: Se trató de un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, en el cual fueron analizados los resultados de los hemogramas obtenidos por un laboratorio local, considerando que el paciente tenía serología positiva para NS1. Fueron evaluados 09 informes de hemogramas emitidos durante los 5 días de internación del paciente. Los resultados se compararon entre los informes y con los valores de referencia proporcionados por el propio informe. Resultados: A partir del análisis de los hemogramas, fue posible verificar reducción del hematocrito en 33,33%, macrocitosis en 88,9%, leucopenia en 27,3%, trombocitopenia en 27,3%. Conclusiones: Se concluye que a través de los reportes evaluados se encontró trombocitopenia, leucopenia, linfocitopenia, eosinopenia, neutropenia, monocitopenia. Evidenciando el hemograma como una herramienta de laboratorio de gran ayuda en la evaluación del paciente.

Profil lipidique associé à l'obésité chez les adolescents à Brazzaville, Congo / Lipid profile among obese adolescents in Brazzaville, Congo

Contexte & objectif. Les modifications lipidiques chez les enfants obèses en Afrique noire sont peu documentées. Les objectifs de la présente étude étaient de déterminer chez les adolescents obèses le profil lipidique, et analyser les associations entre quelques paramètres anthropométriques et lipidiques. Méthodes. L'étude transversale a été réalisée à Brazzaville auprès de 82 adolescents âgés de 11 à 18 ans, répartis en 45 sujets obèses, 17 en état de surpoids et 20 poids normal. Des mesures de la taille, du poids, du tour de taille, des plis cutanés sous-scapulaire et tricipital ont été effectuées. Des prélèvements sanguins ont permis de déterminer les concentrations en cholestérol total, cholestérol-LDL, cholestérol-HDL et triglycérides. Résultats. Les concentrations lipidiques notées chez les adolescents obèses étaient significativement supérieures à celles des sujets de poids normal : cholestérol total, 1,70 vs 1,59g/L ; cholestérol-LDL, 1,03 vs 0,88g/L ; triglycérides, 1,18 vs 0,86. Par contre, celles du cholestérol-HDL étaient significativement inférieures : 0,42 vs 0,51g/L. Une corrélation positive a été retrouvée entre le rapport tour de taille/taille et le cholestérol-HDL (r=0,75 ; p=0,031). Conclusion. Nos résultats soulignent la nécessité de renforcer la prise en charge des enfants obèses afin de prévenir les facteurs de risque potentiels des maladies cardiovasculaires à l'âge adulte

Hematologic parameters of captive Bothrops atrox (Squamata: viperidae)

The breeding of venomous snakes in captivity for research purposes and mainly as a source of pharmaceutical products highlights the need to determine hematological parameters for monitoring and ensuring a healthy breeding populationThe complete blood count is used to help diagnose alterations such as anemia, inflammatory diseases, parasitemia, hematopoietic disorders, hemostatic and toxicological changes, as well as bacterial and viral inclusions. Thus, the objective of this study was to define reference parameters for complete blood count in Bothrops atrox snakes. Blood samples were collected from 20 specimens of B. atrox from the Pentapharm do Brasil commercial breeding facility for laboratory examination. Mean values and standard deviation were: hematocrit 33.6 ± 5.47%, hemoglobin 10.81 ± 2.07g/dL, total number of erythrocytes 0.59 ± 0.1 x 106/mm3, leukocytes 11387.5 ± 3279.2/mm3 and thrombocytes 28175 ± 6320/mm3. No significant difference was observed between males and females and heterophils were the predominant leukocyte cell type.

Hematology and blood biochemistry profile of the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae as a tool for population assessment in artificial environments / Perfil hematológico e bioquímico do sangue da arraia de água doce Potamotrygon magdalenae como ferramenta para avaliação da população em ambientes artificiais

Hematological and blood biochemical reference information is important to establish physiological status of freshwater stingray populations and improve care and management protocols in artificial environments. Here, we used a commercial freshwater stingray with high mortality rates in the market (Potamotrygon magdalenae), as an example to understand how artificial environments and handling protocols influence physiological status of captive freshwater stingrays. To this purpose, blood from five adult males and six adult females was collected to perform complete blood counts and blood chemistry analyses. All sampled animals showed good body condition with no differences between sexes. Differences between sexes were only found for the differential count of lymphocytes. Red blood results were consistent with previously studied potamotrygonids while white blood results showed higher values of leukocytes, thrombocytes, heterophils and lymphocytes in P. magdalenae compared to other Potamotrygonids. All types of leukocytes described for elasmobranchs were found except neutrophils and basophils. Blood metabolites showed an influence of ex situ diet in total protein, triglycerides and cholesterol. Glucose results were consistent while urea showed lower levels than those recorded for other freshwater stingrays. These results highlight the importance of physical, physiological and health analysis in freshwater stingrays as a part of welfare assessment to improve monitoring protocols and survival rates in public or private aquaria.

A informação de referência hematológica e bioquímica do sangue é importante para estabelecer o estado fisiológico das populações de arraias de água doce e melhorar os protocolos de cuidado e manejo em ambientes artificiais. Aqui, usamos uma espécie comercial de arraia de água doce com elevadas taxas de mortalidade no mercado(Potamotrygon magdalenae) como espécie exemplo para compreender de que modo os ambientes artificiais e os protocolos de manipulação influenciam o estado fisiológico das arraias de água doce em cativeiro. Para este fim, foi coletado sangue de cinco machos adultos e seis fêmeas adultas para realizar contagens completas de células sanguíneas e análises bioquímicas de sangue. Todos os animais amostrados mostraram boa condição corpórea, sem diferenças entre os sexos. Diferenças entre os sexos foram encontradas só na contagem diferencial de linfócitos. Os resultados de células sanguíneas vermelhas foram consistentes com potamotrigonídeos previamente estudados, enquanto o leucograma revelou valores mais elevados de leucócitos, trombócitos, heterófilos e linfócitos em P. magdalenae, em comparação com outros potamotrigonídeos. Todos os tipos de leucócitos descritos para elasmobrânquios foram encontrados, exceto para neutrófilos e basófilos. Todos os tipos de leucócitos descritos para elasmobrânquios foram encontrados, exceto para neutrófilos e basófilos. Os metabólitos do sangue mostraram influência da dieta ex situ nas proteínas totais, triglicerídeos e colesterol. Os resultados da glicose foram consistentes, enquanto a ureia mostrou níveis mais baixos do que os registrados para outras espécies de arraias de água doce. Os resultados da glicose foram consistentes, enquanto a ureia mostrou níveis mais baixos em P. magdalenae. Estes resultados enfatizam a importância da análise física, fisiológica e de saúde em arraias de água doce como parte da avaliação do bem-estar para melhorar os protocolos [...].

Hematology and blood biochemistry profile of the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae as a tool for population assessment in artificial environments

Abstract Hematological and blood biochemical reference information is important to establish physiological status of freshwater stingray populations and improve care and management protocols in artificial environments. Here, we used a commercial freshwater stingray with high mortality rates in the market (Potamotrygon magdalenae), as an example to understand how artificial environments and handling protocols influence physiological status of captive freshwater stingrays. To this purpose, blood from five adult males and six adult females was collected to perform complete blood counts and blood chemistry analyses. All sampled animals showed good body condition with no differences between sexes. Differences between sexes were only found for the differential count of lymphocytes. Red blood results were consistent with previously studied potamotrygonids while white blood results showed higher values of leukocytes, thrombocytes, heterophils and lymphocytes in P. magdalenae compared to other Potamotrygonids. All types of leukocytes described for elasmobranchs were found except neutrophils and basophils. Blood metabolites showed an influence of ex situ diet in total protein, triglycerides and cholesterol. Glucose results were consistent while urea showed lower levels than those recorded for other freshwater stingrays. These results highlight the importance of physical, physiological and health analysis in freshwater stingrays as a part of welfare assessment to improve monitoring protocols and survival rates in public or private aquaria.

Resumo A informação de referência hematológica e bioquímica do sangue é importante para estabelecer o estado fisiológico das populações de arraias de água doce e melhorar os protocolos de cuidado e manejo em ambientes artificiais. Aqui, usamos uma espécie comercial de arraia de água doce com elevadas taxas de mortalidade no mercado (Potamotrygon magdalenae) como espécie exemplo para compreender de que modo os ambientes artificiais e os protocolos de manipulação influenciam o estado fisiológico das arraias de água doce em cativeiro. Para este fim, foi coletado sangue de cinco machos adultos e seis fêmeas adultas para realizar contagens completas de células sanguíneas e análises bioquímicas de sangue. Todos os animais amostrados mostraram boa condição corpórea, sem diferenças entre os sexos. Diferenças entre os sexos foram encontradas só na contagem diferencial de linfócitos. Os resultados de células sanguíneas vermelhas foram consistentes com potamotrigonídeos previamente estudados, enquanto o leucograma revelou valores mais elevados de leucócitos, trombócitos, heterófilos e linfócitos em P. magdalenae, em comparação com outros potamotrigonídeos. Todos os tipos de leucócitos descritos para elasmobrânquios foram encontrados, exceto para neutrófilos e basófilos. Todos os tipos de leucócitos descritos para elasmobrânquios foram encontrados, exceto para neutrófilos e basófilos. Os metabólitos do sangue mostraram influência da dieta ex situ nas proteínas totais, triglicerídeos e colesterol. Os resultados da glicose foram consistentes, enquanto a ureia mostrou níveis mais baixos do que os registrados para outras espécies de arraias de água doce. Os resultados da glicose foram consistentes, enquanto a ureia mostrou níveis mais baixos em P. magdalenae. Estes resultados enfatizam a importância da análise física, fisiológica e de saúde em arraias de água doce como parte da avaliação do bem-estar para melhorar os protocolos de monitoramento e as taxas de sobrevivência em aquários públicos ou privados.

Hematology and blood biochemistry profile of the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae as a tool for population assessment in artificial environments / Perfil hematológico e bioquímico do sangue da arraia de água doce Potamotrygon magdalenae como ferramenta para avaliação da população em ambientes artificiais

Hematological and blood biochemical reference information is important to establish physiological status of freshwater stingray populations and improve care and management protocols in artificial environments. Here, we used a commercial freshwater stingray with high mortality rates in the market (Potamotrygon magdalenae), as an example to understand how artificial environments and handling protocols influence physiological status of captive freshwater stingrays. To this purpose, blood from five adult males and six adult females was collected to perform complete blood counts and blood chemistry analyses. All sampled animals showed good body condition with no differences between sexes. Differences between sexes were only found for the differential count of lymphocytes. Red blood results were consistent with previously studied potamotrygonids while white blood results showed higher values of leukocytes, thrombocytes, heterophils and lymphocytes in P. magdalenae compared to other Potamotrygonids. All types of leukocytes described for elasmobranchs were found except neutrophils and basophils. Blood metabolites showed an influence of ex situ diet in total protein, triglycerides and cholesterol. Glucose results were consistent while urea showed lower levels than those recorded for other freshwater stingrays. These results highlight the importance of physical, physiological and health analysis in freshwater stingrays as a part of welfare assessment to improve monitoring protocols and survival rates in public or private aquaria.

A informação de referência hematológica e bioquímica do sangue é importante para estabelecer o estado fisiológico das populações de arraias de água doce e melhorar os protocolos de cuidado e manejo em ambientes artificiais. Aqui, usamos uma espécie comercial de arraia de água doce com elevadas taxas de mortalidade no mercado (Potamotrygon magdalenae) como espécie exemplo para compreender de que modo os ambientes artificiais e os protocolos de manipulação influenciam o estado fisiológico das arraias de água doce em cativeiro. Para este fim, foi coletado sangue de cinco machos adultos e seis fêmeas adultas para realizar contagens completas de células sanguíneas e análises bioquímicas de sangue. Todos os animais amostrados mostraram boa condição corpórea, sem diferenças entre os sexos. Diferenças entre os sexos foram encontradas só na contagem diferencial de linfócitos. Os resultados de células sanguíneas vermelhas foram consistentes com potamotrigonídeos previamente estudados, enquanto o leucograma revelou valores mais elevados de leucócitos, trombócitos, heterófilos e linfócitos em P. magdalenae, em comparação com outros potamotrigonídeos. Todos os tipos de leucócitos descritos para elasmobrânquios foram encontrados, exceto para neutrófilos e basófilos. Todos os tipos de leucócitos descritos para elasmobrânquios foram encontrados, exceto para neutrófilos e basófilos. Os metabólitos do sangue mostraram influência da dieta ex situ nas proteínas totais, triglicerídeos e colesterol. Os resultados da glicose foram consistentes, enquanto a ureia mostrou níveis mais baixos do que os registrados para outras espécies de arraias de água doce. Os resultados da glicose foram consistentes, enquanto a ureia mostrou níveis mais baixos em P. magdalenae. Estes resultados enfatizam a importância da análise física, fisiológica e de saúde em arraias de água doce como parte da avaliação do bem-estar para melhorar os protocolos de monitoramento e as taxas de sobrevivência em aquários públicos ou privados.

Predictive value of baseline CRP, NLR, and LER for aspiration pneumonia in patients with acute cerebral infarction / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophils-lymphocytes ratio (NLR) and leukocyte-erythrocyte ratio (LER) for aspiration pneumonia (AP) in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI).Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on 989 consecutive hospitalized ACI patients in 2021 who were free of infection within 48 h after ACI onset. General information, past medical history, CRP and complete blood count within 24 h after admission were collected. NLR and LER were calculated based on neutrophil, lymphocyte, leukocyte and erythrocyte count. ACI patients were divided into two groups: non-AP group ( n = 883) and AP group ( n = 106) according to whether they had AP 48 h after admission. Spearman correlations of CRP, NLR and LER with AP were analyzed. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate the predictive values of CRP, NLR and LER for the occurrence of AP in ACI patients, and the sensitivity and specificity at the optimal cut-off value were also calculated. Logistic regression analysis was used for further verification. Results:Compared with the non-AP group, CRP, NLR and LER were significantly higher in the AP group ( P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that AP was positively correlated with CRP, NLR and LER ( r = 0.42, 0.36 and 0.35, P<0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that CRP, NLR and LER had certain predictive value for AP in ACI patients ( P<0.05), and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.8917, 0.8349 and 0.8269, respectively. The optimal cutoff values of CRP, NLR and LER were 12.70 mg/L, 4.40 and 1.89 ×10 -3, respectively, with the sensitivity and specificity of 79.25% and 86.41%, 71.70% and 84.94%, and 75.47% and 79.95%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that CRP ( OR=6.65, 95% CI: 3.70-11.98, β=1.90, P<0.001), NLR ( OR=2.84,95% CI: 1.60-5.03, β=1.04, P<0.001) and LER ( OR=3.51, 95% CI: 2.00-6.16, β=1.26, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for AP in ACI patients. Conclusions:CRP, NLR and LER at baseline show certain predictive value for the occurrence of AP in ACI patients, and CRP has the strongest predictive power.

Evaluation of the consistency of four hematology systems / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To provide consistent data basis for the application of reference intervals for children blood cell analysis in different testing systems.Methods:According to the requirements of American Institute for Clinical and Laboratory Standardization (CLSI) EP9-A3 document, 45 samples were collected and Sysmex XN20-A1 were used as reference system. Beckman DxH800, Siemens ADVIA 2120i, and Mindray BC5310 were comparison systems. Complete blood count and leukocyte classification were performed by four systems. The outliers of the detection results were tested by the generalized extreme student deviate (ESD) method. An optimal regression model was selected by scatter diagram, deviation diagram and frequency distribution diagram, which was used to fit the regression equation and calculate the deviation at the medical decision level and reference interval. The acceptable range for blood count deviation was cited from the Analytical Quality Specifications for Routine Tests in Clinical Hematology. The acceptable range for leukocyte classification was based on the EQA program of Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia (RCPA).Results:After the outliers were deleted, the scatter plot showed a linear relationship between the reference system and the three comparison systems. The deviation plot showed that the differences were variable. Deming regression or Passing-Bablok regression was selected according to the data distribution. The determination coefficient R2 of reference system and three comparison systems ranged from 0.95 to 0.99 in blood count and leukocyte classification. At the upper and lower limits of the reference interval, the deviations between XN-20A1 and ADVIA 2120 system were all acceptable, except for MONO# at 0.12×10 9/L. The deviations of all parameters at medical decision level were within acceptable ranges. The lower limit of PLT is partially unacceptable at the level of medical decision related to treatment and prognosis. Conclusions:The results of complete blood count and leukocyte classification in reference system and the comparison system had good consistency within the children′s reference interval. Our study provided a scientific basis for the feasibility of adopting a unified reference interval for different detection systems.

Parámetros bioquímicos y biometría hemática de pacientes con COVID-19 moderado y grave en terapia intensiva de un hospital básico de Ecuador / Biochemical parameters and blood count of patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 in intensive care at a basic hospital in Ecuador

La infección por COVID-19 se presenta principalmente de forma leve y grave, ésta última hace necesaria la hospitalización y soporte respiratorio por complicaciones como el síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS), cuyo curso clínico ha sido ampliamente descrito; sin embargo, la alteración de los perfiles de laboratorio no ha sido establecida de manera precisa. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo para determinar parámetros bioquímicos y biometría hemática en 32 pacientes con COVID-19 moderado y grave, recluidos en el Hospital Básico "Raúl Maldonado Mejía" de Cayambe, Ecuador y evaluar su utilidad como indicadores de gravedad. Se revisaron las historias clínicas, obteniendo datos clínicos, bioquímicos y hematimétricos. Se observó mayor proporción de casos COVID moderado y grave en hombres, y de la forma grave en ambos géneros, con un promedio de edad entre 45-73 años. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron: hipertensión arterial (HTA), diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva (ICC) y obesidad. Los parámetros bioquímicos y hematimétricos con peor pronóstico para gravedad fueron: elevación de la actividad de lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH), alanina aminotranferasa (ALT), aspartato aminotranferasa (AST), niveles de proteina C reactiva (PCR), prolongación del tiempo de protrombina (TP), contaje total de leucocitos, índice neutrófilo/linfocito (INL) y disminución de linfocitos. Los parámetros bioquímicos (LDH, PCR, ALT, AST), de coagulación (TP) y hematimétricos (recuento de leucocitos, linfocitos e INL), pueden ser útiles indicadores de gravedad en pacientes con COVID-19, permitiendo identificar precozmente pacientes con enfermedad moderada y evitar el desarrollo de la forma más severa de la enfermedad y sus complicaciones(AU)

COVID-19 infection occurs mainly in mild and severe forms, the latter requiring hospitalization and respiratory support due to complications such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the clinical course of which has been widely described; however, the alteration of laboratory profiles has not been precisely established. A retrospective study was carried out to determine biochemical parameters and blood counts in 32 patients with moderate and severe COVID-19, confined at the "Raúl Maldonado Mejía" Basic Hospital in Cayambe, Ecuador, and to evaluate their usefulness as indicators of severity. Medical records were reviewed. , obtaining clinical, biochemical and hematometric data. A higher proportion of moderate and severe COVID cases was observed in men, and the severe form in both genders, with an average age between 45-73 years. The most frequent comorbidities were: arterial hypertension (HTA), type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), congestive heart failure (CHF) and obesity. The biochemical and blood count parameters with the worst prognosis for severity were: elevation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, prothrombin time (PT) prolonged, total leukocyte count, ne index utrophil/lymphocyte (INL) and decreased lymphocytes. Biochemical parameters (LDH, CRP, ALT, AST), coagulation (PT) and blood counts (leukocyte count, lymphocytes and INL) can be useful indicators of severity in patients with COVID-19, allowing early identification of patients with moderate disease and avoid the development of the most severe form of the disease and its complications(AU)

Haematological profile of Malaria patients at a tertiary care hospital of Konkan region, Maharashtra State, India

Background: Malaria is a numero-uno infectious, killer disease in the developing world including India. This disease is caused by Plasmodium parasitic species with mosquitoes acting as vectors of transmission. Hematological tests include RBC, WBC and platelet parameters, peripheral blood examination which change based on parasitaemia need to be evaluated in various malaria affected regions to get prompt malarial diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis leads to prompt treatment avoiding troublesome malarial complications. Objectives: The present observational cross-sectional study was undertaken to estimate the Hematological profile in malaria cases diagnosed in a tertiary care hospital of Konkan region, Maharashtra. Methods: All the patients referred to Hematology section, Department of Pathology with malaria were evaluated with clinical details. The data was collected from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2020 for three years’ duration. Total malarial cases studied were 50 cases. CBC/ PBS examination was done on EDTA blood sample. The RBC parameters, WBC parameters and platelet counts were studied with respect to malarial parasitaemia. Parasite index was found on smear and malarial diagnostic confirmation was also done using rapid kit test. All the findings were filled in MS-Xcel sheet 2010 and data was analyzed manually. Results: Malaria caused by P.vivax was predominant in present study. Patients in age range of 15-30 years were more affected in present study, that is, younger people were affected. Male predominance was seen. Fever was most common presenting symptoms followed by chills and rigor in present study. Hb, RBC count, PCV – showed that anemia was more common hematological change in present study, as these values were lower than normal level. Red cell indices like MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW and peripheral blood smear revealed all the values in a normal range showing normocytic normochromic RBCs in the present study. Patients with malaria having normal TLC followed by leucopenia were more common in present study. Thrombocytopenia was most common hematological change seen in present study. Conclusion: Hematological parameters are measurable indices of blood that serve as a marker for malarial diagnosis.

Caracterización del hemograma completo en adultos mayores cubanos tratados con Biomodulina T® / Character i zation of the complete blood count of Cuban older adults treated with Biomodulin a T ®

Introducción: Durante las últimas décadas es evidente el aumento progresivo de los adultos mayores en Cuba. El proceso de envejecimiento provoca cambios en el sistema inmune que afectan su funcionamiento y desarrollo. Objetivo: Caracterizar parámetros hematológicos e inmunológicos mediante el hemograma completo en adultos mayores cubanos antes y después de la administración de la Biomodulina T®. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y observacional para evaluar el efecto de la Biomodulina T® sobre los parámetros del hemograma completo. Se utilizó el paquete estadístico GraphPad Prism (versión 6.00). Los datos que presentaban una distribución normal, se procesaron utilizando la t Student. La prueba de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon se empleó cuando los datos no cumplían una distribución normal, ambos para un nivel de significación de p < 0,05. Resultados: Predominaron las mujeres en relación a los hombres, que representó 27,6 por cientoHubo superioridad de adultos mayores de 76-80 años de edad. El conteo global de leucocitos se mantuvo dentro de parámetros normales y solo en 5 pacientes disminuyeron las plaquetas después de la administración de Biomodulina T. Estos resultados no fueron estadísticamente significativos. Conclusiones: Se demostró que el tratamiento con Biomodulina T® no modifica los diferentes parámetros del hemograma completo en el adulto mayor(AU)

Introduction: In the last decade it has been evident the rise in the older adults in Cuba. The process of aging causes changes in the immune system that affects the development and function. Objective: To characterize hematological and immunological parameters by means of the complete blood count in Cuban older adults before and after the administration of Biomodulin T® Materials and methods: A descriptive and observational study was to conducted to evaluate the use of Biomodulina T, the statistic package used was the GraphPad Prism (version 6.00). The data that showed a normal distribution were processed using the Student´s t test. The Wilcoxon´s signed range test with was used when the data did not comply with the normal distribution. Both for a signification level of p < 0.05. Results: Women predominated in relation to men, representing 27.6 percent. There was a predominance of older adults aged 76-80 years. The global leukocyte count remained within normal parameters and platelets decreased only in 5 patients after the administration of Biomodulina T, that results were not statistically significant. Conclusion: It was shown that the Biomodulina T did not modify the hemogram results in the elderly patients(AU)

Nelore females along a new Brazilian agricultural frontier: hematological and clinical-biochemical approaches / [Abordagens hematológicas e bioquímicas clínicas de fêmeas Nelore na nova fronteira agrícola brasileira]

The Nelore breed is the second largest bovine breed in the world and has actively participated in the expansion of new Brazilian agricultural frontiers. In this context, the purpose of this study was to determine the hematological and biochemical reference intervals of healthy Nelore matrices raised under an extensive regime without supplementation along southwest of Piauí state. Blood samples were collected from fifty-five multiparous female of the Nelore breed. Biochemical and hematological parameters were analyzed using a parametric statistical method with 95% CI of reference limits. The average values of red blood cells, hemoglobin as well as hematimetric indices showed reference ranges similar to reference standards. The hematocrit as well as granulocytes and agranulocytes presented alterations typical of animals raised in environments with higher temperatures. Mineral, enzymatic, protein and metabolic profiles were similar to other bovine breeds but with a narrower range of values. However, lower mean values were observed for levels of ionized calcium, total protein and urea. Nelore females present slightly different biochemical and hematological profiles from other breeds, which might result from the environmental and nutritional management applied and the natural deficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium in the region's pastures.(AU)

Nelore é a segunda maior raça bovina do mundo e tem participado ativamente da expansão das novas fronteiras agrícolas brasileiras. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar os intervalos de referência hematológicos e bioquímicos de matrizes Nelore criadas em regime extensivo sem suplementação, ao longo do sudoeste do estado do Piauí. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 55 fêmeas multíparas da raça Nelore. Os parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos foram analisados por método estatístico paramétrico com IC 95% para os limites de referência. Os valores médios de hemácias, hemoglobina e índices hematimétricos apresentaram intervalos de referência semelhantes aos padrões de referência. Tanto o hematócrito quanto os granulócitos e os agranulócitos apresentaram alterações típicas de animais criados em ambientes com temperaturas mais elevadas. Os perfis mineral, enzimático, proteico e metabólico foram semelhantes aos de outras raças bovinas, mas com uma faixa de valores mais estreita. No entanto, valores médios mais baixos foram observados para os níveis de cálcio ionizado, proteína total e ureia. Fêmeas Nelore apresentam perfis bioquímicos e hematológicos ligeiramente diferentes de outras raças, o que pode resultar dos manejos ambiental e nutricional aplicados e da deficiência natural de nitrogênio, fósforo e cálcio nas pastagens da região.(AU)

Feasibility of Preheating at 41 ℃ to Correct Red Blood Cell Parameters in the Presence of High-titer Cold Agglutinins / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To explore the feasibility of preheating in 41 ℃ water bath for 30 minutes to correct the red blood cell parameters in the specimens containing high-titer cold agglutinins(CAs). Methods Two specimens containing high-titer CAs were selected during work,and the parameters of complete blood count at room temperature or after preheating in 37 ℃ or 41 ℃ water bath were compared.The smears were stained,and the distribution of red blood cells was observed with a microscope.Further,74 specimens without CAs were collected for complete blood count,and then the test results at room temperature and after preheating at 41 ℃ were compared. Results At room temperature,the specimens containing high-titer CAs showed significantly reduced red blood cell count(RBC)and hematocrit(HCT),abnormally increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH)and mean cell hemoglobin concentration(MCHC),abnormal percents of hemoglobin(HGB)and RBC,and aggregation of a large number of red blood cells.After being preheated at 37 ℃ for a certain time,the specimens demonstrated obviously improved parameters while still aggregation of a small number of red blood cells.After being preheated at 41 ℃ for 30 minutes,the specimens showed significantly increased RBC,normal HCT,MCH,and MCHC,and evenly distributed red blood cells.The 74 specimens without CAs showed the comparability was ≥80% between room temperature and preheating at 41 ℃ for 30 minutes or 60 minutes. Conclusion We can preheat the specimens containing high-titer CAs in a water bath at 41 ℃ to obtain accurate red blood cell parameters.

Alteraciones hematológicas en gestantes con covid-19 residentes en la altura / Hematological alterations in covid-19 pregnant women living at high altitude

Introducción. La pandemia por COVID-19 también ha afectado a mujeres embarazadas. Aunque en menor porcentaje, reportes de eventos graves maternos y compromiso fetal generan preocupación. Igualmente, alteraciones como linfopenia y eosinopenia en gestantes con COVID-19, infrecuentes aun en gestantes normales, han sido reportadas. Objetivo. Caracterizar las alteraciones hematológicas en mujeres gestantes a término con COVID-19 residentes en la altura. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal descriptivo de tipo retrospectivo que incluyó 295 mujeres embarazadas a termino con positividad para SARS-COV-2, internadas para fines de parto y alumbramiento en el Hospital de la Mujer de la ciudad de La Paz-Bolivia situada a 3640 m.s.n.m. Se analizó resultados de hemogramas, glucemia, creatinina, proteínas totales y coagulograma. Resultados. El promedio de edad fue 28,5 años, la edad gestacional correspondió a 37,4 semanas. Todas las gestantes fueron clasificadas con COVID-19 de presentación leve (Etapa I). Estudios laboratoriales reflejaron promedios de hemoglobina 13,0 g/dl, leucocitos 9825/ul y plaquetas 266 10³/ul; el coagulograma y las concentraciones de glucemia, creatinina, proteínas totales y albúmina estuvieron dentro de parámetros normales. Un 39 % de las gestantes presentaron leucocitosis asociada a neutrofilia y un 1.4 % linfopenia. Conclusiones. Las gestantes a término con COVID-19 leve en nuestro entorno generalmente no presentan linfopenia; sin embargo, su presencia sirve de alerta para tomar medidas de acción temprana en caso de complicación por COVID-19 en mujeres gestantes. Probablemente, los embarazos en edades tempranas y sin patología base están relacionados con cuadros clínicos menos graves de covid.

Introduction. COVID-19 pandemic has also affected pregnant women. Although at lower percentage, reports of serious maternal events as well as fetal compromise raise concern. Likewise, hematological conditions such as lymphopenia and eosinopenia in pregnant women with COVID-19, uncommon even in normal pregnant, have been reported. Objective. To characterize hematological alterations in full-term pregnant women with COVID-19, living at high altitude. Methods. It was conducted a retrospective descriptive longitudinal study that included 295 full-term pregnant women SARS-Cov-2 positives, hospitalized because of labor and delivery at Hospital de la Mujer in La Paz city (Bolivia) located at 3640 masl. Complete blood count, blood glucose, creatinine, total protein and clottin screening results were analyzed. Results. Average age was 28.5 years, and gestational age corresponded to 37.4 weeks. All pregnant women were classified with COVID-19 at Stage I. Laboratory studies showed averages of hemoglobin 13.0 g/dl, leukocytes 9825/ul and platelets 266 103 / ul; the clotting screening and the concentrations of glycemia, creatinine, total proteins and albumin were within normal parameters. 39% of the pregnant women had leukocytosis associated with neutrophilia and 1.4% had lymphopenia. Conclusions. Full-term pregnant women with COVID-19 at stage I in our context generally do not have lymphopenia; however, the presence ofsuch condition serves as a warning to take early action measures in case of COVID-19 complications in pregnant women. Probably, pregnancies at an early age and without underlying pathology are related to a less severe COVID-19.

Sehgal index and its comparison with Mentzer's index and Green and King index in assessment of peripheral blood smear with marked anisopoikilocytosis

Background: Mild microcytic hypochromic anaemias due to iron deficiency (IDA) and beta thalassemia trait(β-TT) continue to be a cause of significant burden to the society, particularly in the poorer developing countries. The objective of the present study was to study the RBC based indices in patients of marked anisopoikilocytosis in determining the etiology of it, to standardize few automated red cell parameters, and also objective grading of RBC morphology on peripheral smear and interpreting its utility in indicating a diagnosis. Also, to establish a relation between value of RBC indices with that of degree of anisocytosis.Methods: A total of 500 patients diagnosed with mild microcytic hypochromic anaemia on complete blood count and peripheral blood film were included in the study. Hb, RBC count, MCV, MCH and RDW obtained from the electronic cell counter were used to calculate discrimination indices by various mathematical formulae. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and Youden’s index (YI) were calculated.Results: Green and King index demonstrated the lowest sensitivity of 70.51%. Mentzer index demonstrated the highest specificity of 96.80%. The highest and lowest PPV were found for Mentzer index (97.09%) and Sehgal index (92.81%) respectively. Sehgal’s index demonstrated the highest NPV of 95.96% and lowest NPV was exhibited by G and K (87.9%). The highest and the lowest values for Youden’s index were shown by Sehgal’s index (87.82%) and G and K index (68.47%).Conclusions: Sehgal’s index followed by Mentzer index are highly sensitive and reasonably specific in differentiating β-TT from IDA and none of the indices is 100% sensitive and specific. Though HbA2 estimation is the gold standard for diagnosing β-TT, in developing countries, Sehgal index followed by Mentzer et al, index can be used to screen mild microcytic hypochromic anaemia cases to eliminate as many false positive cases as possible to reduce the financial cost.

Some Haematological Parameters among Urinary Schistosomiasis-Malaria Coinfected Children in Suburb of Malentouen Health District, West Region Cameroon

Background:Schistosomiasisand Malaria are among the most prevalent afflictions of humans who live in areas of poverty in the developing world. The present study was aimed at determining the socio demographic characteristics and prevalence of schistosomiasis and malaria in childrenliving in Suburb of Malentouen Health District and analyzing the effect of co-infection on haemoglobin level, mean corpuscular volume and platelet count. Methods:Questionnaires were distributed to parents or guardians of children attending public primaryschool in the area. A total of 429 pupils aged 6-15 years old were screened for urinary schistosomiasis and 228 out of the 429 were tested for. Prevalences of thetwo parasites were calculated; Haemoglobin level, Mean Corpuscular Volume and platelets count of the 228 participants were recorded.Results:The prevalence of malaria was 26.75%, where as that of schistosomiasis was 43.82%. 31(13.60%) of the participants were co-infected with the two parasites. Mean haemoglobin level obtained was 11.01± 1.19 G/dL, that of MCV was 84.50±5.31/fl and the mean platelet count was 255.13±96.99/μl. In malaria single infected and co-infected participants, low haemoglobin level (2= 50.315, p = .000), low MCV (2= 27.448, p = .000) and low platelets count (2= 37.253, p = .000)were observed with significant variations.Conclusions:The three haematological parameters analysed in this study (Hb, MCV, Platelets count), showed low level or amount in malaria and malaria-schistosomiasis infected participants. Moreover, thrombocytopenia in children in this endemic area may be useful as supportive diagnostic criteria for malaria in case with low level of parasite number