RESUMO
Objective To improve the load resistance ability of students in teenager aviation schools and carry out specialized training for the body situation and shape of students.Methods We selected students from 14 teenager aviation schools and measured their height,weight,and the circumferences of necks,chests,upper-arms,waists,hips,and thighs.We compared the data of these students from different areas and the parameters were analyzed statistically by correlation analysis.Results Totally 411 students from 6 southern schools and 403 students from northern schools were investigated.Their average body height,weight and body mass index (BMI) were (172.3 ± 4.39) cm,(62.7 ± 7.3) kg,and (21.1 ± 2.23)kg/m2 respectirely.Students from northern schools were taller and heavier than those from southern schools (P ＜ 0.05).There was no difference between students from northern and southern schools in BMI.Compared with the domestic average levels of height,weight and chest circumference of teenagers aged 14 to 17,students of teenager aviation schools were higher,but there was no difference in weight or chest circumference.The average circumferences of the chest,neck,left upper-arm,right upper-arm,waist,hip,left thigh and right thigh were (83.1 ± 5.06),(34.7 ±3.07),(25.2±2.33),(25.5 ±2.30),(73.4 ±6.73),(89.7 ±5.89),(50.1 ±5.22),and (50.2 ±5.27)cm,respectively.According to the data,students from northern schools had a bigger chest circumference and thigh circumference but a smaller neck circumference and upper-arms circumference than those from southern schools (P ＜ 0.05).The correlation coefficient between BMI and the circumferences of the chest,neck,left upper-arm,right upperarm,waist,hip,left thigh and right thigh was 0.2201,0.1066,0.2466,0.2499,0.2291,0.2149,0.2299,0.2264,respectively.All of them were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.0001).Conclusion Load resistance related parameters of students in teenager aviation schools are not different from the domestic levels,which points to the urgent need for load resistance ability training for these students.Some parameters vary between areas.BMI is positively related to those load resistance parameters.Based on regional variations and regularities found in this study,specialized load resistance ability training could be made more efficient.
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La obesidad se caracteriza por un aumento excesivo de la grasa corporal. En Chile, en el año 2010, se determinó que el 25,1% de la población sobre los 15 años, presentaba obesidad y un 39,3 % sobrepeso. El objetivo de esta investigación fue validar un método económico y de fácil manejo para los profesionales de la Educación, que permita determinar los porcentajes de masa grasa (%MG) en población escolar, ocupando las variables de perímetros corporales, el peso y la talla (PPT). A una muestra de 1725 alumnos de enseñanza básica, 1020 niñas y 705 niños, de entre 10 a 14 años de edad de la Comuna de Arica (XV Región), se les determinó el %MG según el modelo propuesto de perímetro, peso y talla (PPT). Como modelos de referencia se utilizaron los protocolos de Durnin & Womersley (1974) y el protocolo de Slaughter et al. (1988). Los resultados muestran que los índices de masa corporal (IMC), presentan valores normales de 21 kg/m2 tanto para niñas como niños. La sumatoria de los pliegues corporales de bíceps, tríceps, subescapular, ilíaco y abdominal (S5), es significativamente mayor en la población femenina, respecto a los varones (108,5 mm y 81,4 mm respectivamente). La comparación del porcentaje de masa grasa, entre los diversos modelos en estudio demuestra que el modelo propuesto de PPT, no presenta diferencias significativas (NS). Todos ellos expresan valores sobre el 20% en la población en estudio, propio de sobrepeso y obesidad. Se concluye que el modelo de perímetros, peso y talla, es eficaz para determinar los porcentajes de masa grasa en población escolar. La población en estudio presenta altos índices de masa grasa.
Obesity is characterized by an excessive increase in body fat. In Chile (2010), 25.1% and 39,3% of the population over 15 years old were reported with obesity and overweight respectively. The objective of this study was to validate an economic and easy method to use for education professionals to determine the percentage of fat mass (% FM) in schoolchildren, measuring the variables body circumferences, weight and height (CWH).A sample of 1725 primary school students, 1020 girls and 705 boys, in age of 10 to 14 years old from Arica (Region XV), were analyzed to determine % FM according to the model proposed (CWH), as reference models were used Durnin & Womersley protocols (1974) and the Slaughter et al. protocol (1988).The results show that body mass index (BMI), have normal values of 21 kg/m2 for both girls and boys. The sum of the body skinfolds biceps, triceps, subscapular, iliac and abdominal (S5) is significantly higher in women, compared to males (108.5 mm and 81.4 mm respectively).The comparison of the percentage of fat mass between the various models in study demonstrates that the proposed model of "circumferences, weight and height (CWH), not show significant differences (NS). All models express percentage of fat mass over 20% in the study population, typical of overweight and obesity. We conclude that the model of circumference, weight and height (CWH), is effective to determine the percentages of body fat in school population. In addition the study population has high levels of fat mass.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Tecido Adiposo , Valores de Referência , Chile , Ensino Fundamental e MédioRESUMO
The physical conditions of the Koreans aged 10-30 were studied by obtaining physical and nutritional indices on a sample of 10,535 males and 7,175 females which were surveyed in 1986 National Anthropometric Survey for the purpose of grasping the state of arts of the physique and physical development of Korean. The summary results are as follows :1. Anthropometric measurements : 1) Compared with the results of 1979 survey, the stature and body weight in young ages increased markdly while the sitting height increased a little or rather decreased in the males aged above 16 and in the females aged above 14. The chest circumference shows similar or rather decreased values compared with that of the past. 2) Compared with the results of 1984 anthropometric survey in Japan, the stature and body weight of the Korean young males and females in ages up to 14 show larger values than those of the Japanese. But in ages above 15, those of the Korean show similar or rather smaller values than those of the Japanese. In chest circumference, the Korean turn out to be smaller than the Japanese up to age 16. 3) Compared with the results of 1977 anthropometric survey in U.S.A., difference in the stature, chest circumference and body weight between the Korean and the American start to appear around age 12, but in sitting height there is no big difference.2. Physical and nutritional indices by ages : 1) The relative body weit to stature increases linearly up to age 16 in the males and up to 14 in the females and is larger in the females than the males at ages between 11 to 13. Compared with the results of 1979, it decreased slightly, which indicates that the growth of stature was more prominent than that of body weight. 2) The relative sitting height to stature decreased by 2-3 points than in 1979 which means that the lower part of the body grows more, and the values in the males at age 14 and in the females at age 12 are smallest. Compared with the Japanese, it shows 2-3 points smaller value. 3) The relative chest circumference shows 1-3 points smaller value compared with that of 1979, but similar vaiue compared with that of the Japanese. 4) The R hrer indices, compared with the 1979 data, become smaller in the males at ages above 12 and larger in the females above 12. But the Korean shows similar R hrer index values compared with the Japanese. 5) The Pelidisi indices of the nutritional status turn out to be increasing with advancing ages and show 2-3 points larger values compared with the past. Compared with the Japanese, the pelidisi indices of the Korean males are similar but those of the Korean females are larger. 6) The surface areas of body increase lineally up to age 15 in the males and age 13 in the females which shows a similar tendency with the past.3. Estimation of mean body weight in the Korean : A equation for the estimation of body weight in the Korean by age, sex and stature is developed.