Cytotoxicity evaluation, antibacterial effect, and degree of conversion of QAM-containing adhesives

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of adding quaternary ammonium methacrylates (QAMs) to experimental adhesives by assessing the degree of conversion (DC), cytotoxicity against keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and antibacterial activity against biofilm formation. Two QAMs were added to an experimental adhesive: dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate bromododecane (DMADDM) or dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate bromohexadecane (DMAHDM) at three concentrations each: 1, 2.5, and 5 wt.%. Experimental adhesive without QAMs (control group) and commercially available Transbond XT Primer (3M Unitek, Monrovia, California, USA) were used for comparisons. The adhesives were tested for DC, cytotoxicity against keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and antibacterial activity against biofilm formation. DC, cytotoxicity against fibroblasts, and antibacterial activity were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparisons. Cytotoxicity against keratinocytes was evaluated using the Kruskal Wallis and Dunn's post-hoc (α = 5%) tests. Transbond showed lower DC as compared to 5% DMAHDM, 1% DMADDM, and 5% DMADDM (p < 0.05). However, all groups presented proper DC when compared to commercial adhesives in the literature. In the evaluation of cytotoxicity against keratinocytes, Transbond induced higher viability than 2.5 wt.% groups (p < 0.05). Against fibroblasts, Transbond induced higher viability as compared to 5 wt.% groups (p < 0.05). DMAHDM at 5 wt.% reduced biofilm formation when compared to all the other groups (p < 0.05). Despite their cytotoxic effect against keratinocytes, gingival fibroblasts showed higher viability. DMAHDM at 5 wt.% decreased Streptococcus mutans viability. The incorporation of DMAHDM at 5 wt.% may be a strategy for reducing the development of white spot lesions.

Clinical study of polyetheretherketone resin-bonded bridge for restoring anterior missing teeth in patients with periodontitis / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To study the clinical effect of a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) bonding bridge on the loss of 3 internal incisors in patients with periodontitis.@*Methods@#This study was reviewed and approved by the ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. Thirty-eight patients with periodontitis and 3 missing central or lateral teeth were selected to undergo restoration with a PEEK bonding bridge and then returned to the hospital 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after the restoration was completed. The survival rate of the restorations was assessed by the modified USPHS/Ryge criteria. The plaque index, gingival index, periodontal probing depth and attachment loss of the abutments were recorded, and the changes in periodontal tissues after restoration were observed and compared.@*Results@#Over 24 months of clinical follow-up observation of 38 patients, only 1 patient underwent secondary bonding after partial debonding (evaluated as grade B), while bonding was successful in the other 37 cases (evaluated as grade A). The plaque index, gingival index and periodontal probing depth were significantly lower after restoration than before (P<0.05). There was no significant change in attachment loss between before and after restoration (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#For periodontitis patients missing 3 internal incisors, short-term PEEK bonding bridge repair has good clinical efficacy.

Idealização da maternidade e herança psíquica: reflexões no contemporáneo / Idealization of motherhood and psychic heritage: reflections in the contemporary / Idealización de la maternidad y herencia psíquica: reflexiones en lo contemporáneo

Considerando as transformações na maternidade ao longo da história e a atual crise identitária na relação da mulher com a maternidade, ou seja, o conflito entre os ideais de maternidade relacionados à figura da mulher/mãe e as demandas contemporâneas de realização individual no trabalho, realizou-se este estudo transversal, exploratório-descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, cujo objetivo consistia em descrever e analisar, a partir da psicanálise de casal e família, a experiência de mães que abandonaram da carreira profissional para a dedicação exclusiva à maternidade. Foram entrevistadas oito mulheres de classe média, entre 30 e 50 anos, que eram mães e abandonaram suas carreiras profissionais para se dedicarem à maternidade. As entrevistas que compuseram os resultados foram transcritas e as análises de conteúdo temática apontaram as múltiplas exigências, tanto sociais, quanto relacionadas à herança psíquica, que trazem implicações para a construção identitária dessas mulheres. Concluímos que um processo de elaboração dessa herança exige uma rede vincular de apoio e pressupõe a desidealização da maternidade, entendendo-a como plural, tanto no sentido de ser múltipla e diversa, quanto no sentido de ser uma construção vincular.

Noticing the history transformations in motherhood, and the current identity crisis in the woman's relationship between femininity and maternity, that is, the conflict between the ideas of motherhood related to the figure of the woman/mother and the contemporary demands of individual realization at work, this exploratory-descriptive, cross-sectional, study of a qualitative approach was carried out, whose objective was to describe and analyze, from the perspective of psychoanalysis of the linking configurations, the experience of mothers who abandoned the professional career for the exclusive dedication to motherhood. Eight middle-class women, aged between 30 and 50, who were mothers and abandoned their professional careers to dedicate themselves to motherhood-retirar, were interviewed. The interviews that composed the results were transcribed, and thematic content analyses pointed out the multiple demands, both social and related to psychic heritage, which have implications for the identity construction of these women. We conclude that an elaboration of this heritage requires a link network of support and presupposes the non-idealization of motherhood, understanding it as plural, both in the sense of being multiple and diverse, and in the sense of being a bonding construction.

Considerando los cambios en la maternidad a lo largo de la historia y la actual crisis de identidad en la relación de la mujer con la maternidad, es decir, el conflicto entre los ideales de maternidad relacionados con la figura de la mujer/madre y las demandas contemporáneas de realización individual en el trabajo, se realizó este estudio transversal, exploratorio-descriptivo de abordaje cualitativo, cuyo objetivo consistía en describir y analizar, a partir del psicoanálisis de las configuraciones vincular, la experiencia de madres que abandonaron de la carrera profesional para la dedicación exclusiva a la maternidad. Fueron entrevistadas ocho mujeres de clase media, entre 30 y 50 años. que eran madres y abandonaron sus carreras profesionales para dedicarse a la maternidad-retirar. Las entrevistas que compusieron los resultados fueron transcritas y los análisis de contenido temático señalaron las múltiples exigencias, tanto sociales, como relacionadas a la herencia psíquica, que traen implicaciones para la construcción identitaria de esas mujeres. Concluimos que un proceso de elaboración de esa herencia exige una red vincular de apoyo y presupone la desidealización de la maternidad, entendiéndola como plural, tanto en el sentido de ser múltiple y diversa, como en el sentido de ser una construcción vincular.

Yann Andréa, "une lettre que je continue de vous écrire / Uma carta que eu continuo te escrevendo / Yann Andréa, "a letter I keep writing to you"

Jeune étudiant en philosophie à Caen, Yann Andréa qui s'appelle encore Yann Lemée, découvre l'écriture de Marguerite Duras, instantanément galvanisé par l'expérience, il se met à lui écrire, presque tous les jours, parfois plusieurs fois par jour, par paquets, sans attente de réponse. Touchée par la puissance de Yann, Duras lui répond, lui dédie une œuvre et finit par partager sa vie avec lui. Il s'agit d'un amour qui n'est pas habillé par le fantasme mais qui est resserré autour d'un point de réel, l'écriture. Sophie Marret-Maleval prend le couple Duras/Andréa en exemple pour illustrer par la négative l'inexistence du rapport sexuel : la fonction d'agrafe de l'amour, qui s'écrit S1-a, serait réalisée dans ces moments d'écriture à travers leurs positions subjectives respectives : M. Duras en place de produire les S1 et Y. Andréa au lieu de l'objet

Jovem estudante de filosofia em Caen, Yann Andréa, então conhecido como Yann Lemée, descobre a escrita de Marguerite Duras e, instantaneamente galvanizado pela experiência, começa a escrever para ela, quase todos os dias, às vezes várias vezes ao dia, em pacotes, sem esperar por uma resposta. Tocada pela força de Yann, Duras lhe responde, dedica uma obra a ele e acaba compartilhando sua vida com ele. Trata-se de um amor que não é vestido pelo fantasma, mas que é apertado em torno de um ponto de realidade, a escrita. Sophie Marret-Maleval utiliza o casal Duras/Andréa como exemplo negativo para ilustrar a inexistência da relação sexual: a função de ligação do amor, expressa como S1-a, é realizada nesses momentos de escrita através de suas posições subjetivas respectivas: M. Duras no lugar de produzir os S1 e Y. Andréa no lugar do objeto.

A young philosophy student in Caen, Yann Andréa, still known as Yann Lemée, discovers the writing of Marguerite Duras, instantly galvanized by the experience, begins to write to her, almost every day, sometimes several times a day, in packages, without expecting a response. Touched by Yann's power, Duras replies to him, dedicates a work to him, and eventually shares her life with him. This is a love that is not clothed in fantasy but is centered around a point of reality: writing. Sophie Marret-Maleval uses the Duras/Andréa couple as a negative example to illustrate the absence of the sexual relationship: the function of bonding that love performs, expressed as S1-a, is realized in these moments of writing through their respective subjective positions: M. Duras in the position of producing the S1 and Y. Andréa in the place of the object

Yann Andréa, "uma carta que eu continuo te escrevendo" / Yann Andréa, "une lettre que je continue de vous écrire" / Yann Andréa, "a letter I keep writing to you"

Jovem estudante de filosofia em Caen, Yann Andréa, então conhecido como Yann Lemée, descobre a escrita de Marguerite Duras e, instantaneamente galvanizado pela experiência, começa a escrever para ela, quase todos os dias, às vezes várias vezes ao dia, em pacotes, sem esperar por uma resposta. Tocada pela força de Yann, Duras lhe responde, dedica uma obra a ele e acaba compartilhando sua vida com ele. Trata-se de um amor que não é vestido pelo fantasma, mas que é apertado em torno de um ponto de realidade, a escrita. Sophie Marret-Maleval utiliza o casal Duras/Andréa como exemplo negativo para ilustrar a inexistência da relação sexual: a função de ligação do amor, expressa como S1-a, é realizada nesses momentos de escrita através de suas posições subjetivas respectivas: M. Duras no lugar de produzir os S1 e Y. Andréa no lugar do objeto

eune étudiant en philosophie à Caen, Yann Andréa qui s'appelle encore Yann Lemée, découvre l'écriture de Marguerite Duras, instantanément galvanisé parl'expérience, il se met à lui écrire, presque tous les jours, parfois plusieurs fois par jour, par paquets, sans attente de réponse. Touchée par la puissance de Yann, Duras lui répond, lui dédie une œuvre et finit par partager sa vie avec lui. Il s'agit d'un amour qui n'est pas habillé par le fantasme mais qui est resserré autour d'un point de réel, l'écriture. Sophie Marret-Maleval prend le couple Duras/Andréa en exemple pour illustrer par la négative l'inexistence du rapport sexuel : la fonction d'agrafe de l'amour, qui s'écrit S1-a, serait réalisée dans ces moments d'écriture à travers leurs positions subjectives respectives : M. Duras en place de produire les S1 et Y. Andréa au lieu de l'objet

A young philosophy student in Caen, Yann Andréa, still known as Yann Lemée, discovers the writing of Marguerite Duras, instantly galvanized by the experience, begins to write to her, almost every day, sometimes several times a day, in packages, without expecting a response. Touched by Yann's power, Duras replies to him, dedicates a work to him, and eventually shares her life with him. This is a love that is not clothed in fantasy but is centered around a point of reality: writing. Sophie Marret-Maleval uses the Duras/Andréa couple as a negative example to illustrate the absence of the sexual relationship: the function of bonding that love performs, expressed as S1-a, is realized in these moments of writing through their respective subjective positions: M. Duras in the position of producing the S1 and Y. Andréa in the place of the object

Bond strength comparison among 10-MDP-containing and non-10-MDP-Containing adhesives in different degrees of dental fluorosis / Comparación de fuerza de unión entre adhesivos que contienen y no contienen 10-MDP en diferentes grados de fluorosis dental

Dental fluorosis can cause changes in the enamel surface, conditioning its functionality and esthetics. The application of dental adhesives is a treatment option; however, their use on fluorotic teeth can result in limitations. The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of two different adhesives, one with 10-MDP and one without 10-MDP, in different degrees of dental fluorosis.This is an in vitro study on dental enamel samples, a total of 180 samples with the inclusion criteria were treated, randomly divided into two groups of 90, according to the type of dental adhesive, where each group was again divided into three groups of 30 samples, representing different degrees of dental fluorosis according to the Thylstrup-Fejerskov index (Group I: TF1 and TF2; Group II: TF3; Group III: TF4). Normality tests, two-factor ANOVA, and post-hoc tests were used to determine differences between the groups, with a significance level of 95%. As results, a statistically significant difference was shown between the use of dental adhesive with 10-MDP and the three groups of dental fluorosis (p=0.011), in addition, a Tukey post-hoc test on the groups treated with 10-MDP adhesive revealed a statistically significant difference between group I versus group II, and group I versus group III, (p=<0.05). It is concluded that the use of adhesive systems with 10-MDP presents a better shear bond strength on enamel with dental fluorosis grades I and II in the Thylstrup-Fejerskov index.

La fluorosis dental puede ocasionar cambios en la superficie del esmalte, condicionando su funcionalidad y estética, la aplicación de adhesivos dentales es una opción de tratamiento, sin embargo, su uso en dientes fluoroticos puede resultar en limitaciones. El objetivo de este estudio consistió en comparar la fuerza de adhesión a la cizalladura de dos diferentes adhesivos, uno con 10-MDP y otro sin 10-MDP, en diferentes grados de fluorosis dental. Se trata de un estudio in vitro en muestras de esmalte dental, un total de 180 muestras con los criterios de inclusión fueron tratadas, aleatoriamente divididas en dos grupos de 90, de acuerdo al tipo de adhesivo dental, donde cada grupo fue dividido nuevamente en tres grupos de 30 muestras, representando diferentes grados de fluorosis dental según el índice de Thylstrup- Fejerskov (Grupo I: TF1 y TF2; Grupo II: TF3; Grupo III: TF4). Para determinar diferencias entre los grupos se utilizaron pruebas de normalidad, ANOVA de dos factores, y pruebas post-hoc, con un nivel de significancia de 95%. Como resultados, se mostró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el uso de adhesivo dental con 10- MDP y los tres grupos de fluorosis dental (p=0.011), además, una prueba post hoc de Tukey sobre los grupos tratados con adhesivo 10-MDP revelaron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el grupo I frente al grupo II, y el grupo I frente al grupo III, (p=<0.05) Se concluye que el uso de sistemas adhesivos con 10-MDP presentan una mejor resistencia de adhesión al cizallamiento en esmalte con grados de fluorosis dental I y II en el índice de Thylstrup-Fejerskov

Bond strength of composite resin/universal adhesive to dentin submitted to radiotherapy / Fuerza de unión de resina compuesta/adhesivo universal a dentina sometida a radioterapia

Aim: To evaluate the bond strength of a universal adhesive system to dentin submitted to radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted human teeth were divided into two groups (n = 30): without radiotherapy (control); with radiotherapy, according to the adhesive protocol (n=15): ER-etch-and-rinse (acid + Single Bond Uni-versal); SE-self-etch (Single Bond Universal). The analyzes were shear bond strength (SBS) (n=10), failure pattern (n=10) and scanning electron microscopy (n=5). Data was analyzed by a two-way ANOVA (α =0.05). Results: The radiotherapy decreased SBS of the restorative material to dentin (p<0.0001). The ER protocol provided lower bond strength values (p<0.001). The predominant type of fracture without radiotherapy was mixed (SE), cohesive to the material (ER). Both protocols presented adhesive failures with radiotherapy. Teeth had a hybrid layer and long resin tags (without radiotherapy) and few tags (with radiotherapy). Conclusions: The SE adhesive mode favors the shear bond strength of resin to dentin in teeth submitted to radiotherapy.

Objetivo: Evaluar la fuerza de adhesión de un sistema adhesivo universal a la dentina sometida a radioterapia. Materiales y Métodos: Sesenta dientes humanos extraídos se dividieron en dos grupos (n = 30): sin radioterapia (control); con radioterapia, según protocolo adhesivo (n=15): ER-grabado y enjuague (ácido + Single Bond Universal); autograbado SE (Single Bond Universal). Los análisis ejecutados fueron resistencia al cizallamiento (SBS) (n=10), patrón de falla (n=10) y microscopía electrónica de barrido (n=5). Los datos se sometieron al test de ANOVA de dos vías (α =0,05). Resultados: La radioterapia disminuyó la SBS del material restaurador a la dentina (p<0,0001). El protocolo ER proporcionó valores de fuerza de unión más bajos (p<0,001). El tipo de fractura predominante sin radioterapia fue mixta (SE), cohesiva al material (ER). Ambos protocolos presentaron fallas adhesivas con radioterapia. Los dientes tenían una capa híbrida y colas de resina largas (sin radioterapia) o pocas colas de resina (con radioterapia). Conclusión: El modo adhesivo SE favorece la resistencia al corte de la resina a la dentina en dientes sometidos a radioterapia.

Estudio computacional de las interacciones moleculares entre el timol y los residuos HIS41 y CYS145 presentes en el sitio activo de la proteasa 3CLpro

La proteína proteasa 3CLpro del SARS-CoV-2 es una enzima crucial para la replicación viral, razón por la cual se convierte en un blanco terapéutico de gran importancia. El timol (2-isopropil-5-me-tilfenol), un compuesto natural que se encuentra en el tomillo (Thymus vulgaris), exhibe potencial actividad antiviral contra la proteasa 3CLpro. En este estudio, usando acoplamiento molecular con AutoDockTools-1.5.6, se evaluaron las energías de interacción molecular entre el timol y los residuos de aminoácidos en el sitio activo de la proteína proteasa 3CLpro. Luego, con la teoría cuántica de Átomos en Moléculas (QTAIM) y la de Interacciones no covalentes (NCI) se analizaron los tipos de interacciones moleculares entre los residuos de aminoácidos identificados y el timol. Los cálculos cuánticos se llevaron con el software Orca-5.0.3, utilizando el método DFT con el funcional M06-2X y el conjunto base aug-cc-pVDZ en fase gaseosa. Los resultados de acoplamiento molecular indican que el timol se une a la proteína 3CL con una energía de interacción igual a -3,784 kcal/mol. El análisis QTAIM indica la presencia de puntos críticos de enlace entre el timol y los residuos HIS41 y CYS145. Además, se observa la formación de un enlace de hidrógeno entre el grupo OH del timol y el residuo CYS145, lo cual es corroborado por los análisis ELF (Electron Localization Function) y NCI (Non Covalent Interactions). Finalmente, el método NCI confirma la presencia de interacciones de Van der Waals con el residuo HIS41. Los resultados sugieren que el mecanismo de inhibición de la actividad de la proteína 3CLpro es controlado por interacciones moleculares tipo puente de hidrógeno e interacciones débiles.

The protease 3CLpro of the SARS-CoV-2 is a crucial enzyme for viral replication, becoming a highly important therapeutic target. Thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methyl-phenol), a naturally occurring compound found in thyme, exhibits potential antiviral activity against the 3CLpro protease. In this study, using molecular docking with AutoDockTools-1.5.6, the molecular interaction energies between thymol and amino acid residues in the active site of the protein protease 3CLpro were evaluated. Then, with the Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and Non-covalent Interactions (NCI) theories, the types of molecular interactions between identified amino acid residues and thymol were analyzed. Quantum calculations were carried out with the Orca-5.0.3 software using the DFT method with the M06-2X functional and the aug-cc-pVDZ basis set in the gas phase. The molecular docking results indicate that thymol is linked to the 3CL protein with an interaction energy equal to -3.784 kcal/mol. QTAIM analysis indicates the presence of critical binding sites between thymol and residues HIS41 and CYS145. In addition, the formation of a hydrogen bond between the OH group of thymol and the CYS145 residue is observed, which is corroborated by the ELF and NCI analyses. Finally, the NCI method confirms the presence of Van der Waals interactions with the HIS41 residue. The results suggest that the mechanism of inhibition of the activity of the 3CLpro protein is controlled by molecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding and weak interactions.

A protease 3CLpro do SARS-CoV-2 é uma enzima crucial para a replicação viral, tornando-se um alvo terapêutico de grande importÅncia. O timol (2-isopropil-5-me-tilfenol), um composto natural encontrado no tomilho, exibe potencial atividade antiviral contra a protease 3CLpro. Neste estudo, utilizando o docking molecular com o AutoDockTools-1.5.6, foram avaliadas as energias de interação molecular entre o timol e os residuos de aminoácidos no sítio ativo da proteína protease 3CLpro. Em seguida, com a teoria quantica de atomos em moleculas (QTAIM) e da interacões no-covalentes (NCI), foram analisados os tipos de interações moleculares entre os resíduos de aminoácidos identificados e o timol. Os cálculos quÅnticos foram realizados com o software Orca-5.0.3 usando o método DFT com o funcional M06-2X e a base aug-cc-pVDZ definida na fase gasosa. Os resultados do docking molecular indicam que o ti-mol está ligado à proteína 3CL com uma energia de interação igual a -3.784 kcal/ mol. A análise QTAIM indica a presença de sítios de ligação críticos entre o timol e os resíduos HIS41 e CYS145. Além disso, observa-se a formação de uma ponte de hidrogênio entre o grupo OH do timol e o resíduo CYS145, o que é corroborado pelas análises ELF e NCI. Finalmente, o método NCI confirma a presença das interações de Van der Waals com o resíduo HIS41. Os resultados sugerem que o mecanismo de inibição da atividade da proteína 3CLpro é controlado por interações moleculares como ligações de hidrogênio e interações fracas.

Efecto de diferentes condiciones y modos de aplicación sobre la fuerza de unión de los adhesivos a la dentinaEffect of different conditions and modes of application on bond strength of adhesives to dentine / Effect of different conditions and modes of application on bond strength of adhesives to dentine

Objective: To evaluate the microtensile bond strength in different dentine conditions (etched-E, non-etched-N, dry-D and wet-W) of a multimode adhesive (Scotchbond Universal-SU, 3M/ESPE) and a total etching adhesive (Ambar-AB, FGM) using a sonic device (Smart Sonic Device-SD, FGM). Material and methods: In this in vitro study, ninety six sound extracted human molars were divided into 12 groups (n=8) according to different dentine conditions and adhesive systems. Enamel was removed and the middle dentine surfaces were polished. Each adhesive system was applied according to the different dentine conditions, and composite resin blocks were incrementally built up and stored for 24 hours. Specimens were sectioned into sticks and bond strength data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: No effects of sonic application and were observed. In general, AB showed lower results compared to the SU. E and N conditions did not statistically affect the bond strength of SU groups. Dry dentine presented statistically superior bond strength values when compared to wet dentine for SU/E/SD group. Conclusion: Adhesion of dry dentine with multimode adhesive system may be superior to wet dentine with sonic application. The modes of application had no influence in bond strength of studied adhesives.

Objetivo: Evaluar la resistencia de la unión microtensil en diferentes condiciones de dentina (grabado-E, sin grabado-N, seco-D y húmedo-W) de un adhesivo multimodo (Scotchbond Universal-SU, 3M/ESPE) y un adhesivo de grabado total (Ambar-AB, FGM) utilizando un dispositivo sónico (Smart Sonic Device-SD, FGM). Material y Métodos: En este estudio in vitro, noventa y seis molares humanos extraídos sanos se dividieron en 12 grupos (n=8) de acuerdo con diferentes condiciones de dentina y sistemas adhesivos. Se eliminó el esmalte y se pulieron las superficies centrales de la dentina. Cada sistema adhesivo se aplicó de acuerdo con las diferentes condiciones de dentina, y los bloques de resina compuesta se acumularon de forma incremental y se almacenaron durante 24h. Las muestras se seccionaron en barras y los datos de resistencia de la unión se analizaron con la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y la prueba de U de Mann-Whitney. Resultado: No se observaron efectos de la aplicación sónica. En general, AB mostró resultados más bajos en comparación con el SU. Las condiciones E y N no afectaron estadísticamente la fuerza de unión de los grupos SU. La dentina seca presentó valores de fuerza de adhesión estadísticamente superiores en comparación con la dentina húmeda para el grupo SU/E/SD. Conclusión: La adhesión de la dentina seca con un sistema adhesivo multimodo puede ser superior a la dentina húmeda con aplicación sónica. Los modos de aplicación no tuvieron influencia en la resistencia de la unión de los adhesivos estudiados.

Características das habilidades comunicativas em crianças pertencentes a famílias multiespécie / Characteristics of communication skills in children belonging to multispecies families

RESUMO Objetivo investigar as habilidades comunicativas em crianças pertencentes a famílias multiespécie, nas quais o cão é o animal de estimação. Método estudo do tipo exploratório, descritivo, transversal, de natureza qualitativa. Casuística: 34 sujeitos de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária entre três meses e quatro anos e cinco meses, pertencentes a famílias multiespécie. A pesquisa foi realizada na residência dos próprios sujeitos. Procedimento: os dados foram coletados por meio de observação e filmagem de uma situação de interação, na rotina familiar, durante 30 minutos, envolvendo a presença do cão. Análise dos resultados: os dados foram analisados por meio de categorias de análises de conteúdo quanto a elementos verbais e não verbais, privilegiando as condutas comunicativas na interação criança-cão-adulto interlocutor. Resultados evidenciou-se que o cão desempenhou papel de interlocutor durante as cenas de interação com efeitos nas funções comunicativas da criança. Conclusão os resultados dessa pesquisa apontam para possíveis benefícios no que se refere às habilidades comunicativas nas interações multiespécie e sugere pesquisas posteriores.

ABSTRACT Purpose to investigate the communicative skills of children belonging to multispecies families whose pet is a dog. Methods this is an exploratory, descriptive, qualitative, cross-sectional study. Sample: 34 subjects of both sexes aged three aged 3 to 4 years and 5 months belonging to multispecies families. The study was conducted at the subjects' own homes. Procedure: The data were collected through observation and filming of a 30-min interaction situation in the family routine involving the presence of the dog. Analysis of the results: The data were analyzed and content analysis categories were then established regarding the most relevant verbal and nonverbal elements, with emphasis on the child-dog-adult interlocutor communicative interactions. Results the results showed that the dog played the role of interlocutor during the interaction scenes, with effects on the child's communicative functions. Conclusion the results of this study point to possible benefits to communicative skills in multispecies interactions. Further studies on this theme are suggested.

Which social, gestational and mental health aspects are associated to maternal-fetal attachment? / Quais aspectos sociais, gestacionais e de saúde mental materna estão associados ao apego materno-fetal?

Abstract Objectives: this study aimed to explore a set of factors associated with lower maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) in pregnant women. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study corresponding to the second wave of a cohort study with a population-based sample of pregnant women in the South of Brazil. The maternal-fetal attachment scale (MFAS) was used to measure MFA. Bivariate analysis was performed using the t-test and ANOVA. The variables that presented p<0.20 were taken for multivariate analysis, through linear regression, in order to control possible confounding factors. Results: a total of 840 pregnant women were included. Pregnant women who had lower MFA means were those who did not live with a partner (B=-3.8 [CI95%=-6.0; -1.7]), those between the first and second trimester of pregnancy (B=-4.3 [CI95%=-5.9; -2.6]), those who did not have support from their mother during pregnancy (B=-2.4 [CI95%=-4.6; -0.2]), and those with depressive symptoms (B=-4.9 [CI95%=-7.4; -2.5]). Conclusions: the results showed that a higher MFA it is associated with an adequate support network during pregnancy, better maternal mental health, and with an advanced pregnancy. Early evaluation of MFA and effort to promote an adequate prenatal bond, focusing on maternal psychological and emotional aspects are strongly suggested.

Resumo Objetivos: explorar um conjunto de fatores associados ao menor apego materno-fetal (AMF) em gestantes. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal, correspondente à segunda fase de um estudo de coorte com uma amostra de base populacional de gestantes no sul do Brasil. Foi utilizada a Escala de Apego Materno-Fetal (EAMF) para medir o AMF. A análise bivariada foi realizada através do teste t e ANOVA. As variáveis que apresentaram p<0,20 foram levadas para análise multivariada, por meio de regressão linear, a fim de controlar possíveis fatores de confusão. Resultados: foram incluídas 840 gestantes. As gestantes que apresentaram menores médias de AMF foram aquelas que não moravam com um companheiro (B=-3,8 [IC95%=-6,0; -1,7]), que estavam entre o primeiro e o segundo trimestre de gestação (B=-4,3 [IC95%=-5,9; -2,6]), que não tiveram o apoio da mãe durante a gestação (B=-2,4 [IC95%=-4,6; -0,2]) e que apresentaram sintomas depressivos (B=-4,9 [IC95%=-7,4; -2,5]). Conclusões: os resultados mostraram que um maior AMF está associado a presença de uma rede de apoio adequada na gravidez, melhor saúde mental materna e a uma gestação avançada. A avaliação precoce do AMF e a promoção de um vínculo pré-natal adequado, com foco nos aspectos psicológicos e emocionais maternos são fortemente sugeridos.

Effect of S. mutans biofilm on the hybrid ceramic-resin cement bond strength assessed by different methods

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the biofilm effect on the hybrid ceramic-resin cement bond strength (BS) by comparing two methods. Methods: Teeth were distributed into groups (n=5), according to the resin cement (Maxcem Elite-(MC) or NX3 Nexus-(NX)) and degradation method (24h or 7 days in distilled water; 7 or 30 days incubated with biofilm and 30 days in sterile media). Treated surfaces of Vita Enamic blocks (5x6x7mm) were luted to treated or no treated dentin surfaces and light-cured. After 24h, beams were obtained (1x1x10mm) and stored accordingly. The flexural bond strength (FBS) was assessed by four-point bending test. Additional beams were obtained from new teeth (n=5), stored for 24h or 7 days in distilled water, and submitted to a microtensile bond strength (µTBS) assay. Failure modes were determined by scanning electron microscopy (100X). The flexure strength of the cements (n=10) was assessed by a four-point bending test. Data were analyzed by 1 and 2-ways ANOVA, and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Results: There was no significant difference between the degradation methods for the FBS groups. For the µTBS, the significant difference was as follows: NX 7days > NX 24h > MC 7days = MC 24h. Failure mode was mainly adhesive and mixed, but with an increase of cohesive within cement and pre-failures for the MC groups assessed by µTBS. NX had better performance than MC, regardless of the method. Conclusions: The biofilm had no effect on the materials BS and FBS test was a useful method to evaluate BS of materials with poor performance

Bottom/top hardness ratio and dentin bonding stability of conventional and bulk-fill resin composites

Aim: To evaluate the bottom/top hardness ratio (B/T) and the dentin bonding stability of conventional and bulk-fill resin composites in high c-factor preparations. Methods: Regular conventional (Tetric N-Ceram ­ TNC, and Polofil Supra ­ PFS), regular bulk-fill (Tetric N-Ceram Bulk fill ­ TBF, and Admira Fusion X-tra ­ AFX), and low viscosity bulk-fill resin composites (Tetric N-flow ­ TNF, and X-tra Base ­ XTB) were used to restore 180 dentin conical preparations. The specimens were randomly distributed in 12 groups (n = 15) according to the resin composites and storage time-points (24 h and six months) tested. After 24 h storage, all specimens were subjected to the bottom/top hardness ratio analysis. Then, the push-out bond strength test was performed in half of the specimens and the other half were maintained for six months on water storage before testing. The failure modes were analyzed in a stereomicroscopic. The data were analyzed statistically using one- and two-way ANOVA and Tukey post-test (p <0.05). Results: There were no statistically significant differences for the bottom/top hardness ratio among the resin composites (p>0.05). Regardless of the storage timepoint, regular bulk-fill resin composites showed the highest bond strength values statistically (p<0.05). Only conventional resin composites showed statistically lower bond strength values at six-month storage (p<0.05). Adhesive failures were more predominant for low-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites. Conclusion: Although the DoC was not affected by different materials tested, only bulk-fill resin composites did not present dentin bond strength loss after six-month of water storage

Does radiation therapy affect adhesion of tricalcium silicate cements to root dentin?

Abstract Objective This study aimed to analyze the effect of irradiation on the push-out bond strength of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine to radicular dentin. Methodology A total of 60 extracted mature human teeth with single root canals were categorized into two groups (irradiated and non-irradiated) (n=30). Each group was further divided into two sub-groups based on cements used (Biodentine and MTA). Then, a cumulative radiation dose of 60 Gy was divided into 30 fractions (two Gy for every fraction) and administered for five successive days per week over six weeks. Obturation was then performed using MTA and Biodentine. Afterwards, 1.5 mm thick horizontal sections were procured from the middle one-third of all the specimens and then subjected to push-out bond test. Results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with post-hoc Tukey's test. Results The bond strength of Biodentine and MTA to irradiated teeth was lower than non-irradiated teeth. Highest push-out bond strength was observed in non-irradiated specimens filled with Biodentine (p=0), followed by irradiated specimens filled with Biodentine (p=0); non-irradiated specimens filled with MTA (p=0); and irradiated specimens filled with MTA (p=0.9). Conclusion The push-out bond strength of Biodentine and MTA to root canal dentin decreased significantly post irradiation.

Influence of self-etching adhesive on the bond strength of irradiated teeth / Influência do adesivo autocondicionante na resistência de união em dentes submetidos à radiação

ABSTRACT This study aimed to conduct a literature review about the influence of self-etching adhesives on the bond strength of restorative procedures for irradiated teeth. The search for articles was carried out on six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, Cochrane). Gray literature (Google Scholar) and reference lists of included studies were evaluated. The keywords used were: "Radiotherapy" OR "Radiation Therapy" OR "Radiation Treatment" OR "Radiation Effects" OR "Radioterapia" OR "Terapia por radiação" OR "Tratamento por radiação" OR "Efeitos da Radiação" OR "Terapia por Radiación" OR "Tratamiento por Radiación" OR "Efectos de Radiación" AND "Dentin-Bonding agent" OR "Adesivos Dentinários" OR "Recubrimientos Dentinarios". The inclusion criteria were laboratory and clinical studies, dissertations, literary and systematic reviews, and no time and language restrictions. Three hundred and eighteen studies were identified in the databases, 30 in the gray literature, and 5 from the reference list of included articles. 40 were excluded for being duplicates. After reading the title and abstract, 28 articles remained for complete analysis. In the end, 21 articles were included in this study. Self-etching could be a good option for irradiated teeth restorations. However, further clinical studies are needed.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre a influência de adesivos autocondicionantes na resistência de união de restaurações de dentes submetidos à radiação. A busca da literatura foi realizada em seis bases de dados (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, Cochrane). A literatura cinza (Google Scholar) e as listas de referências dos estudos incluídos foram avaliadas. A pesquisa foi realizada com as palavras-chave: "Radiotherapy" OR "Radiation Therapy" OR "Radiation Treatment" OR "Radiation Effects" OR "Radioterapia" OR "Terapia por radiação" OR "Tratamento por radiação" OR "Efeitos da Radiação" OR "Terapia por Radiación" OR "Tratamiento por Radiación" OR "Efectos de Radiación" AND "Dentin-Bonding agent" OR "Adesivos Dentinários" OR "Recubrimientos Dentinarios". Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos in vitro e clínicos, dissertações, revisões sistemáticas e literárias, sem restrições de período e de idiomas. Foram identificados 318 estudos nas diferentes bases de dados, 30 na literatura cinzenta e 5 da lista de referências dos artigos incluídos, dos quais 40 foram excluídos por serem duplicatas. Após a leitura do título e do resumo, permaneceram 28 artigos para análise completa. Ao final, 21 artigos foram incluídos neste trabalho. Os adesivos autocondicionantes podem ser uma boa alternativa em restaurações de dentes submetidos à radiação. Todavia, ainda existem poucos trabalhos sobre o tema e ratifica-se a necessidade de mais estudos clínicos.

Effect of dentin moisture on the adhesive properties of luting fiber posts using adhesive strategies

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dentin moisture (moist and dry) on the bonding of fiber posts to root dentin with different adhesive strategies (etch-and-rinse, self-etch, and self-adhesive). Seventy-two extracted single-rooted human teeth were endodontically treated and divided into six groups (n = 12) according to the moisture of dentin surface and adhesive systems as follows: a) etch-and-rinse/moist, b) etch-and-rinse/dry, c) self-etch/moist, d) self-etch/dry, e) self-adhesive/moist, and 6) self-adhesive/dry. The specimens were sectioned into six slices for push-out bond strength (BS), nanoleakage (NL) by SEM, and Vickers microhardness (VHN) of the resin cement. A universal testing machine (AG-I, Shimadzu Autograph) was used at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until post extrusion, with a load cell of 50 kg for evaluation of the push-out strength. Data on BS, NL, and VHN were evaluated by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Dentin moisture as the main factor was not significantly different for the push-out test. However, higher BS values can be observed for the etch-and-rinse group. A lower percentage of NL was found in the dry dentin groups. The moisture pattern was not significant in the hardness values for the pre-etching groups. Additional moisture did not increase the evaluated properties.

Dentin permeability after pretreatment with titanium tetrafluoride and self-etching or universal adhesive systems

Aim: To evaluate dentin permeability after pretreatment with 2.5% aqueous solution of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4), followed by a self-etching universal adhesive system. Methods: Forty dentin discs (1.5 mm thick) were randomly divided into groups according to the application or non-application of a pretreatment, and the type of adhesive system to be tested (two-step self-etching/ Clearfil SE Bond/ Kuraray Medical, or universal adhesive system/ Single Bond Universal/ 3M ESPE). Both sides of the discs were conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid to remove the smear layer. The first hydraulic conductivity measurement (L1) was performed in a permeability machine, under 5 PSI pressure. The samples were sanded again to form a standardized smear layer. The teeth designated for pre-treatment with TiF4 received the TiF4 solutions applied actively for 60 seconds, and the adhesive systems were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. Then, a new hydraulic conductivity measurement (L2) was performed for the purpose of calculating the hydraulic conductance at a later time, considering the water viscosity and the thickness of the specimen. The percentage (L) of dentin permeability after application of the adhesive system was obtained (L (%) = [(L1-L2) x100] / L1). The Mann-Whitney non-parametric test was applied. Results: There was no difference between the two adhesive systems, or between the groups with or without pretreatment, as regards dentin permeability (p>0.05). Conclusion: Pretreatment with 2.5% TiF4 did not influence dentin permeability, irrespective of the adhesive system used

Application of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) posts: evaluation of fracture resistance and stress distribution in the root: in vitro and finite element analyses

Abstract To evaluate the feasibility of using a milled polyetheretherketone (PEEK) post and core in endodontically treated teeth with or without a ferrule. Sixty bovine tooth roots were endodontically treated followed by cementation of intraradicular retainers (IR), according to each experimental group: a) non-ferrule glass fiber post (f0FP); b) 2-mm-ferrule glass fiber post (f2FP); c) non-ferrule resized glass fiber post (f0PR); d) 2-mm-ferrule resized glass fiber post (f2PR); e) non-ferrule PEEK post and core (f0PPC); and f) 2-mm-ferrule PEEK post and core (f2PPC). Metal crowns were made and cemented. A periodontal ligament was simulated using polyether. A force was applied to the palatine portion of each sample at 45°, until fracture. Fracture resistance data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Three-dimensional digital models were developed to calculate the tensions formed in the root using finite element analysis. Models of glass fiber posts and PEEK posts and cores were evaluated with or without a ferrule. The results were analyzed by the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. The type of IR was not influenced by fracture strength (p = 0.243). There were significant statistical differences among the remaining factors. Ferrule groups had greater fracture resistance, and the failure mode of teeth with a ferrule was more catastrophic than the non-ferrule group. A ferrule increases fracture resistance and influences failure mode; the PEEK post and core did not modify the biomechanics of endodontically treated teeth, and resembled the glass fiber post results. The crack initiation point differed between the ferrule and non-ferrule groups.

Effect of endodontic sealers on push-out bond strength of CAD-CAM or prefabricated fiber glass posts

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of endodontic sealer (ES) on bond strength (BS) of prefabricated or milled-CAD-CAM (computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing) glass-fiber-posts (GFP). Canals of 90 single-rooted teeth were prepared for filling by the single-cone technique with gutta-percha and one of the following ES: AH Plus (epoxy resin), Endofill (zinc-oxide and eugenol), and Bio-C Sealer (calcium-silicate). After post-space preparation, tooth-specimens were equally divided in half according to type of GFP to be used. In the half to receive milled-CAD-CAM posts, tooth specimens were molded with acrylic resin to obtain replicas. These were scanned to enable the laboratory to produce the milled-CAD-CAM GFPs (Fiber CAD Lab, Angelus) by the subtractive technique. The other half of samples received prefabricated GFPs (Exacto, Angelus) (n=15). The GFPs were cemented with dual-cure resin cement (Panavia F2.0, Kuraray). Each root was sectioned into two slices per root region (cervical, middle, apical) that were subjected to the push-out BS test, in a universal testing machine. Failure mode (FM) was classified by scores. The BS data were submitted to generalized linear model analyses, while FM was analyzed using the chi-square test (a=0.05). BS showed no significant difference among the three ES (p > 0.05). BS was significantly higher for prefabricated (mean 10.84 MPa) versus milled-CAD-CAM GFPs (mean 6.94 MPa) (p <0.0001), irrespective of ES. The majority showed mixed failures. It could be concluded that type of ES did not affect BS of GFPs to dentin, and prefabricated-GFPs had higher bond-strength than customized-milled-CAD-CAM GFPs.

Redes de gobernanza intermunicipal: aplicación de modelos de grafos aleatorios exponenciales en la región de Los Lagos, Chile / Redes de governança intermunicipal: aplicação de modelos de gráficos aleatórios exponenciais em Los Lagos, Chile / Inter-municipal governance networks: application of exponential random graph models in Los Lagos, Chile

Resumen Desde los noventa, la idea de gobernanza ha permeado los debates acerca de la transformación del Estado a escala regional, sin embargo, las dificultades de su operacionalización han limitado nuestro conocimiento. Este artículo busca contribuir con esta brecha, examinando la dimensión interjurisdiccional de la gobernanza regional. Aplicando la perspectiva de análisis de redes, se estudia la formación de las redes intermunicipales que se configuran a partir de diferentes mecanismos de colaboración. Con base en el marco de acción colectiva institucional, el artículo analiza la prevalencia de estructuras de relacionamiento asociadas a diferentes tipos de capital social (bonding - capital social vínculo ‒ y bridging - capital social puente ‒) en tres redes intermunicipales de la región de Los Lagos, en Chile. Por medio de la aplicación de modelos de grafos aleatorios exponenciales (ERGM), se obtiene evidencia para sustentar la consistente prevalencia de bonding en las tres redes estudiadas y su coexistencia con estructuras descentralizadas en las redes de mayor complejidad regional.

Resumo Desde a década de noventa, a ideia de governança permeou os debates sobre a transformação do Estado no âmbito regional, não obstante, as dificuldades de sua operacionalização têm limitado nosso conhecimento. Este artigo busca contribuir para essa lacuna, examinando a dimensão interjurisdicional da governança regional. Aplicando a perspectiva da análise de redes, estuda-se a formação de redes intermunicipais que se configuram a partir de diferentes mecanismos de colaboração. Com base no marco institucional da ação coletiva, o artigo analisa a prevalência de estruturas de relacionamento associadas a diferentes tipos de capital social (bonding/bridging) em três redes intermunicipais da região de Los Lagos, no Chile. Através da aplicação de modelos de gráficos aleatórios exponenciais (ERGM), obtêm-se evidências que suportam a prevalência consistente de bonding nas três redes estudadas e sua coexistência com estruturas descentralizadas em redes de maior complexidade regional.

Abstract The idea of governance has permeated the debates on the state's transformation at the regional level since the 1990s. However, operationalization difficulties have limited our knowledge of the phenomenon. This article contributes to filling this gap by examining the inter-jurisdictional dimension of regional governance. From a network perspective, the article studies the emergence of inter-municipal networks from different local collaborative mechanisms. Based on the institutional collective action framework, the study analyzes the prevalence of network structures associated with different types of social capital (bonding/bridging) in three inter-municipal networks in the Los Lagos Region in Chile. The application of exponential random graph models (ERGM) revealed evidence supporting the consistent prevalence of bonding in the three networks studied. The findings also showed the networks' coexistence with structures decentralized in more complex regional networks.