mIgM-mediated splenic marginal zone B cells targeting of folic acid for immunological evasion

Folic acid is a fully oxidized synthetic folate with high bioavailability and stability which has been extensively prescribed to prevent congenital disabilities. Here we revealed the immunosuppressive effect of folic acid by targeting splenic marginal zone B (MZB) cells. Folic acid demonstrates avid binding with the Fc domain of immunoglobulin M (IgM), targeting IgM positive MZB cells in vivo to destabilize IgM-B cell receptor (BCR) complex and block immune responses. The induced anergy of MZB cells by folic acid provides an immunological escaping window for antigens. Covalent conjugation of folic acid with therapeutic proteins and antibodies induces immunological evasion to mitigate the production of anti-drug antibodies, which is a major obstacle to the long-term treatment of biologics by reducing curative effects and/or causing adverse reactions. Folic acid acts as a safe and effective immunosuppressant via IgM-mediated MZB cells targeting to boost the clinical outcomes of biologics by inhibiting the production of anti-drug antibodies, and also holds the potential to treat other indications that adverse immune responses need to be transiently shut off.

Chinese expert consensus of albumin-bound paclitaxel in the treatment of breast cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor of women, which seriously threatens women's health. Albumin-bound paclitaxel is the basic chemotherapy drug for breast cancer treatment. We can promote reasonable clinical medication and improve patients' quality of life by standardizing chemotherapy plans, rationally optimizing treatment strategy and managing adverse reactions of albumin-bound paclitaxel. In order to standardize the clinical application of albumin-bound paclitaxel in breast cancer, Chinese Medical Doctor Association Oncologist Branch Breast Cancer Group and International Medical Exchange Branch of China Anti-Cancer Association consulted guidelines and the latest evidence-based evidences and formulated Chinese expert consensus of albumin-bound paclitaxel in the treatment of breast cancer to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. The consensus mainly introduces the clinical application strategies and evidence-based evidences of albumin-bound paclitaxel in advanced therapy, neoadjuvant therapy and adjuvant therapy of breast cancer. Among them, the regimens containing albumin-bound paclitaxel are the better recommended regimens for preoperative neoadjuvant and advanced rescue therapy of breast cancer. However, there is little evidence in adjuvant therapy, so it is recommended to use albumin-bound paclitaxel cautiously. We also invited breast cancer clinical experts to vote on some controversial issues, including but not limited to the usage and dosage of albumin-bound paclitaxel, combined medication and management of peripheral neuropathy, and formed consensus recommendations for the reference of breast cancer clinical workers.

Histochemical characterization of duodenum at early, mid and late prenatal period in goats

Goats [Capra aegagrus hircus (L.)] play a significant role in providing supplementary income and livelihood to humans. The intestine plays a major role in foetus development and growth, and duodenum, as the part of small intestine, is responsible for breakdown of food. As there is not much studies available in literature on this aspect, here, we investigated the developing duodenum of 30 goat embryos/foeti irrespective of breed and sex. The tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and in cold acetone. Different histochemical techniques were applied for the detection and localization of neutral mucopolysaccharides, acid mucopolysaccharides, bound lipids, alkaline phosphatase enzymes, acid phosphatase enzymes, and DNA. The intensity of reactions increased as the age of foeti advanced. The goblet cells of the intestinal gland showed moderate reaction for Periodic acid schiff (PAS) and Acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPs) in the mid prenatal period (Gr. II) and intense to highly intense reaction in the late prenatal period (Gr. III). The cytoplasm of the epithelial cells exhibited negative to mild reaction for bound lipids in Gr. I, mild to moderate in Gr. II and mild to intense reaction in Gr. III. The luminal border of epithelial cells exhibited mild reaction in Gr. I & II, and moderate to intense reaction in Gr. III. The luminal border showed weak acid phosphatase reaction in Gr. I & II, and mild to moderate reaction in Gr. III. The nuclei of the epithelial cells showed mild to moderate Feulgen reaction in Gr. I & II, and intensely positive reaction in Gr. III.

Effects of albumin-bound paclitaxel combined with nedaplatin inductive chemotherapy on loco-regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of albumin-bound paclitaxel combined with nedaplatin inductive chemotherapy followed by concurrent radiochemotherapy in the treatment of loco-regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS The clinical data of 45 patients （observation group ） with loco-regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma（Ⅲ/Ⅳa stage ）who received albumin-bound paclitaxel combined with nedaplatin inductive chemotherapy in our hospital from August 2017 to July 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Propensity score was used to match 45 patients（control group ）with loco-regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma who received docetaxel combined with cisplatin and fluorouracil inductive chemotherapy. After inductive chemotherapy ，both groups received intensity-modulated radiochemotherapy （IMRT）；observation group was additionally given concurrent nedaplatin chemotherapy ，and control groups was given concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy. Clinical efficacy and the incidence of ADR were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS All patients completed treatment and 3-year follow-up. After inductive chemotherapy and 1，3 months after concurrent radiochemotherapy ，there was no statistical significance in short-term response between 2 groups（P＞0.05）. There was no significantly difference in 3-years local control rate and 3-years free from distant metastasis between 2 groups（P＞0.05）. The incidences of leucopenia （grade 3 or above ）in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ，and the incidence of peripheral neuropathy in observation group was higher than that in control group （P＜0.05）. The incidences of thrombocytopenia （grade 2 or above ），rash and vomiting （grade 2 or above ）in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ，but the difference was not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of other ADR between 2 groups（P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Albumin-bound paclitaxel combined with nedaplatin inductive chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of loco-regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma is effective and tolerable ．

Efficacy comparison of albumin-bound paclitaxel and conventional paclitaxel combined with cisplatin and concurrent radiotherapy in treatment of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of albumin-bound paclitaxel (Nab-P) and conventional paclitaxel combined with cisplatin and concurrent radiotherapy for the treatment of patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:Forty-nine patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma admitted to the First People's Hospital of Suqian from November 2016 to May 2020 were included. Of the 49 patients, 23 cases were treated with Nab-P combined with cisplatin and concurrent radiotherapy (NP group), 26 cases were treated with conventional paclitaxel combined with cisplatin and concurrent radiotherapy (TP group). All patients received 2 cycles of chemotherapy. The curative efficacy was evaluated one month after the end of radiotherapy, and the curative effect and adverse reactions of the two treatment regimens were compared.Results:The objective remission rate in NP group was 78.3% (18/23), and the disease control rate was 100.0% (23/23). The objective response rate in TP group was 61.5% (16/26), and the disease control rate was 92.3% (24/26). The objective response rate and disease control rate in NP group were higher than those in TP group, but the differences were not statistically significant (both P > 0.05). The common adverse reactions were mainly hair loss, loss of appetite, bone marrow suppression, radiation esophagitis, radiation pneumonia, malaise and myalgia. The incidence rate of grade 3-4 acute bone marrow suppression in NP group (8.7%, 2/23) was lower than that in TP group (38.5%, 10/26), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 4.35, P = 0.037). The incidence rate of myalgia in NP group (26.1%, 6/23) was lower than that in TP group (61.5%, 16/26), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 4.85, P = 0.028). Conclusions:Nab-P combined with cisplatin and concurrent radiotherapy has good efficacy in the treatment of patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and the incidence rate of adverse reactions is lower than that of conventional paclitaxel combined with cisplatin and concurrent radiotherapy, so that the regimen is safe.

Clinical observation of albumin-bound paclitaxel combined with oxaliplatin in the first-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To observe the ther apeutic efficacy and safety of albumin-bound paclitaxel combined with oxaliplatin in the first-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer （GC）. METHODS A total of 90 advanced unresectable GC patients were randomized into observation group and control group ，with 45 patients in each group. Control group was given oxaliplatin combined with tegafur ，and observation group was given albumin-bound paclitaxel combined with oxaliplatin. A chemotherapy cycle last for 21 days，and both groups received 6 cycles of chemotherapy ，and then the follow-up observation was conducted every 2 weeks. Short-term efficacy （after 2 chemotherapy cycles ），mid-term efficacy （after 6 chemotherapy cycles ），tumor marker，long-term efficacy （after follow-up ），quality of life ，the occurrence of ADRs were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS After 2 cycles of treatment ，objective remission rate （ORR）of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group （60.00％ vs. 37.78％，P＜0.05）；there was no statistical significance in disease control rate between the two groups （P＞0.05）. After 6 chemotherapy cycles ，ORR of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group （55.56％ vs. 31.11％，P＜0.05）；there was no statistical significance in disease control rate between the two groups （P＞0.05）；the levels of tumor markers [carcinoembryonic antigen ， carbohydrate antigen （CA）724， CA199， CA242] in observation group were significantly lower than those of control group （P＜0.05）. After the follow-up period ，the median progression-free survival [ 8.78 （95％CI：6.94-11.01）months] and the median overall survival [ 13.02（95％CI：12.78-15.62）months] of observation group were significantly longer than those [ 6.99（95％CI：3.67-10.88）months and 10.42（95％CI：8.72-13.22）months] of control group （P＜ 0.05）. The score of body dimension in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group （P＜0.05）. Except for peripheral neurotoxicity ，there was no significant difference in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups（P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Albumin-bound paclitaxel combined with oxaliplatin has a good effect and safety in the first-line treatment of advanced unresectable GC.

MBOAT1 homozygous missense variant causes nonobstructive azoospermia / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a common cause of infertility and is defined as the complete absence of sperm in ejaculation due to defective spermatogenesis. The aim of this study was to identify the genetic etiology of NOA in an infertile male from a Chinese consanguineous family. A homozygous missense variant of the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 1 (MBOAT1) gene (c.770C>T, p.Thr257Met) was found by whole-exome sequencing (WES). Bioinformatic analysis also showed that this variant was a pathogenic variant and that the amino acid residue in MBOAT1 was highly conserved in mammals. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) analysis showed that the mRNA level of MBOAT1 in the patient was 22.0% lower than that in his father. Furthermore, we screened variants of MBOAT1 in a broader population and found an additional homozygous variant of the MBOAT1 gene in 123 infertile men. Our data identified homozygous variants of the MBOAT1 gene associated with male infertility. This study will provide new insights for researchers to understand the molecular mechanisms of male infertility and will help clinicians make accurate diagnoses.

Emergency Medical Service (EMS) Belt

Background:Emergency medical service has been a well-know n subject of discussion in India where the population is vast and the health care system is inadequate. Essential drugs are a category of drugs that are needed during the golden hour of saving a patient’s life. It becomes necessary that time, when a simple drug can save the life of a patient, a competent health care provider, is needed to administer the drug to the patient. In such a situation, any health care provider in the vicinity of the person who needs medical assistance must get an alert so that the health care provider can reach the site of the emergency and provide assistance. EMS belt is a system in which with the help of a mobile application, any person in case of a medical emergency can get service from a nearby health care provider within a few minutes. The concept is to raise an alarm alerting the nearby health care practitioners about the person in need of medical assistance. This concept is promising with the advantage that it doesn’t need any special manufacturing of the device. Conducting trials on this concept shall yield good observations and produce hopes for a cost-effective EMS system in India.

Clinical observation of albumin-bound paclitaxel or pemetrexed combined with cisplatin in the treatment of advanced mutation negative lung adenocarcinoma / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To compare the short-term clinical efficacy, adverse reactions and pharmacoeconomics of advanced mutation negative lung adenocarcinoma treated by albumin-bound paclitaxel or pemetrexed combined with cisplatin.Methods:From September 2019 to October 2020, 80 patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College were divided into observation group and the control group according to the randomized digital table, with 40 cases in each group. The observation group received albumin-bound paclitaxel combined with cisplatin, and the control group received pemetrexed combined with cisplatin. After 2 cycles of treatment, the short-term efficacy and the adverse reactions of the two groups were evaluated. The cost of chemotherapy drugs and the average length of hospital stay were compared between the two groups.Results:The objective response rates of the observation group and the control group were 30.0% (12/40) and 32.5% (13/40), the disease control rates were 77.5% (31/40) and 82.5% (33/40) respectively, and there were no significant differences ( χ2=0.058, P=0.809; χ2=0.313, P=0.576). The adverse reactions of the two groups were mainly grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ. The incidences of leucopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hemoglobin decreased, gastrointestinal reaction, liver function damage and renal function damage in the observation group were 20.0% (8/40), 20.0% (8/40), 20.0% (8/40), 17.5% (7/40), 37.5% (15/40), 12.5% (5/40) and 7.5% (3/40) respectively, those in the control group were 25.0% (10/40), 20.0% (8/40), 17.5% (7/40), 15.0% (6/40), 32.5% (13/40), 17.5% (7/40) and 5.0% (2/40) respectively, and there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups ( χ2=0.287, P=0.592; χ2<0.001, P>0.999; χ2=0.082, P=0.775; χ2=0.092, P=0.762; χ2=0.220, P=0.639; χ2=0.392, P=0.531; χ2<0.001, P>0.999). The median cost of chemotherapy drugs and the median length of hospital stay in the observation group were 7 453 yuan and 6 days respectively, which were less than 8 956 yuan and 7 days in the control group, with statistically significant differences ( Z=-3.057, P=0.002; Z=-2.733, P=0.006). Conclusion:The short-term efficacy of albumin-bound paclitaxel combined with cisplatin is equal to pemetrexed combined with cisplatin in treatment of advanced mutation negative lung adenocarcinoma, and the adverse reactions are similar. However, the average cost of chemotherapy drugs of albumin-bound paclitaxel combined with cisplatin is less than pemetrexed combined with cisplatin, and the average length of hospital stay is shorter.

ADR Signal Mining of Paclitaxel for Injection （Albumin-bound Type ）Based on FDA Adverse Event Database / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To utilize ADR signal of Paclitaxel for injection （albumin-bound type ）by using FDA adverse event reporting system （FAERS），and to provide reference for rational use of drugs in the clinic. METHODS ：The reporting odds ratio （ROR）method was used for data mining of adverse events （AEs）related to Paclitaxel for injection （albumin-bound type ）reported by FDA public data program （Open-FDA）during Jan. 1st，2004-Dec. 31th，2019. The demographic characteristics ，constituents and signals of ADR were analyzed. RESULTS ：A total of 1 659 AEs were identified for Paclitaxel for injection （albumin-bound type）. The female （1 169 cases，70.5％）was more than the male （345 cases，20.8％）. The age was mainly 45-64 years old （519 cases，31.3％）. ADR signal mainly involved nerve system ，blood and lymphatic system ，gastrointestinal system ，hepatobiliary system，respiratory system ，thoracic and mediastinal system and general ADR. Twenty positive ADR signals which were not recorded in the drug instructions were found in the study ，mainly including leucopenia ，lymphopenia，macular edema ，abdominal pain，dysphagia，shivering，jaundice，liver failure ，cirrhosis，urinary tract infection ，purulent secretion ，decreased ejection fraction，hypocalcemia，hypokalemia，hyponatremia，bone pain ，facial paralysis ，mental state change ，epistaxis，atelectasis. Among them ，lymphopenia，macular edema and mental state changes were not recorded in the drug instructions ，while others were the specific manifestations of ADR recorded in the drug instructions. CONCLUSIONS ：In the clinical application of Paclitaxel for injection（albumin-bound type ），in addition to ADR mentioned in the drug instructions ，great importance should be closely paid to neurotoxicity，lymphocyte changes ，regular eye monitoring 2021MSXM041） and mental state monitoring ，so as to avoid drug withdrawal or organ injury induced by ADR.

Rapid Health Technology Assessment of Albumin-bound Paclitaxel in the Treatment of Breast Cancer / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To evaluate th e effectiveness ，safety and economy of albu min-bound paclitaxel （nab-PTX）in the treatment of breast cancer by using rapid health technology assessment （HTA），and to provide evidence-based reference for drug selection. METHODS ：Retrieved from PubMed ，the Cochrane Library ，CNKI，Wangfang database and other databases ，systematic evaluation/Meta-analysis，HTA and pharmacoeconomic studies about nab-PTX in the treatment of breast cancer were included ；the conclusions were classified and analyzed by using descriptive analysis. RESULTS ：A total of 5 systematic reviews/Meta-analysis ， 8 pharmacoeconomic studies were included in this study. Compared with conventional taxanes ，nab-PTX increased pathological complete response （pCR）rate [OR ＝1.39，95％CI（1.16，1.67），P＜0.001] and event-free survival （EFS）[HR＝0.69，95％CI（0.57， 0.85），P＜0.001] in neoadjuvant chemotherapy （NAC）-treated breast cancer patients. However ，there were no significant differences in overall survival （OS），progression-free survival （PFS），objective response rate （ORR）and disease control rate （DCR）in metastatic breast cancer （MBC）patients between 2 groups. In the terms of safety ，nab-PTX increased the incidence of grade 3-4 sensory neuropathy [OR ＝1.89，95％CI（1.36，2.61），P＜0.001] in MBC patients ，and increased the incidence of neutropenia [OR ＝ 1.52，95％CI（1.23，1.88，P＜0.001]，sensory neuropathy [OR ＝ 2.17，95％CI（1.38，3.40），P＜0.001]，rash [OR ＝1.46，95％CI mei1213@163.com （1.18，1.80），P＜0.001] and fatigue [OR ＝1.28，95％CI（1.04， 1.56）， P＝0.02] in NAC -treated breast cancer patients.Pharmacoeconomic studies showed that nab-PTX could improve the quality adjusted lif e years of MBC patients compared with traditional taxanes ，and it was a economical option. CONCLUSIONS：Nab-PTX enhances pCR in NAC-treated breast cancer patients ，but has no significant advantage in the effectiveness of MBC patients ，and increases the occurrence of ADR. Nab-PTX may have a cost-utility advantage over conventional taxanes for MBC.

Efficacy and safety of albumin-bound paclitaxel combined with nedaplatin followed by concurrent radiotherapy in tretment of massive cervical cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of albumin-bound paclitaxel combined with nedaplatin followed by concurrent radiotherapy in treatment of stage Ⅲ massive cervical cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 84 patients with massive cervical cancer admitted to Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital from April 2019 to April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different treatment regimens, patients were divided into the observation group and the control group, each with 42 cases. The observation group received albumin-bound paclitaxel combined with nedaplatin followed by concurrent radiotherapy, and the control group received solvent-based paclitaxel combined with nedaplatin followed by concurrent radiotherapy. The short-term efficacy and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared.Results:The partial remission (PR) rate of the observation group and the control group at 1 month of treatment was 92.9% (39/42) and 35.7% (15/42), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 29.867, P < 0.01). The complete remission (CR) rate of the observation group and the control group at 1 month after treatment was 59.5% (25/42) and 38.1% (16/42), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 3.859, P = 0.049). The incidence of diarrhea of the observation group was lower than that of the control group [33.33% (14/42) vs. 54.8% (23/42)], and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 3.913, P = 0.048). There were no statistical differences in the incidence of hematological adverse reactions and abnormal liver and kidney functions between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusion:The albumin-bound paclitaxel combined with nedaplatin followed by concurrent radiotherapy have a good short-term efficacy in treatment of stage Ⅲ massive cervical cancer, and the adverse reactions are tolerable.

Efficacy and safety of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-negative breast cancer

Context: Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (Nab-PTX) is a form of paclitaxel bound to albumin nanoparticles and is used widely in a neoadjuvant setting for patients with breast cancer. Aims: We conducted a retrospective study to compare the efficacy and safety of Nab-PTX to PTX as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with operable HER2-negative breast cancer. Settings and Design: In total, 50 patients were enrolled. Nab-PTX was administered in the study group, and PTX was administered in the control group. Subjects and Methods: The clinical response and safety profile were recorded. The expression of secreted protein acidic rich in cysteine (SPARC) in tumor tissue was examined. Statistical Analysis: The efficacy and safety analyses were computed using SPSS statistical software. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the exploratory variables (age, stage, estrogen receptor, partial response, and SPARC expression) for the pathological complete response (pCR), and Fisher's exact test was performed to evaluate the relationship between SPARC and pCR. Results: Both groups of patients achieved a good clinical response. The pCR rate for the Nab-PTX regimen was significantly higher than that for the PTX regimen. The most common adverse events were neutropenia, peripheral sensory neuropathy, arthralgia, and myalgia. In 68% of cases in the Nab-PTX group, high SPARC expression was observed. Conclusions: As neoadjuvant therapy, the Nab-PTX regimen has advantages over conventional taxane regimen in patients with HER2-negative breast cancer. With this regimen, a high pCR rate was achieved with a good safety profile

Comparative study on free and bound phenolic acids before and after drying of Salvia miltiorrhiza / 中国中药杂志

There were significant differences in phenolic acid content between fresh and dried Salvia miltiorrhiza before and after drying. That is to say, the content of phenolic acid in S. miltiorrhiza significantly increased with the increase of dehydration during the drying process.In order to investigate the differences and transformation of free and bound phenolic acids before and after the drying process of S.miltiorrhiza, we studied hydrolysis method, hydrolysates and hydrolysis regularity of phenolic acids in S.miltiorrhiza. UPLC method was used to determine four main hydrolysates of bound phenolic acids, namely danshensu, caffeic acid dimer(SMND-309), caffeic acid, przewalskinic acid A(prolithosperic acid), and three main free phenolic acids in S.miltiorrhiza, namely rosmarinic acid, lithospermic acid, salvianolic acid B. The results of the acid-base hydrolysis experiment of salvianolic acid showed that the alkaline hydrolysis effect was significantly better than acid hydrolysis. The optimal alkaline hydrolysis condition was hydrolysis at 70 ℃ for 4 h with 2 mol·L~(-1) NaOH solution containing 1% ascorbic acid(Vit C). The hydrolysates of free phenolic acids were the same with the hydrolysates of bound phenolic acids. Fresh S.miltiorrhiza contains a low level of free phenolic acids and a high level of bound phenolic acids, which were exactly opposite to dried S.miltiorrhiza. It was suggested that a large amount of bound phenolic acids was accumulated during the growth of S.miltiorrhiza. These bound phenolic acids were coupled with polysaccharides on the cytoderm through ester bonds to form insoluble phenolic acids, which was not easy to be detected by conventional methods. However, during drying and dehydration processes, the bound phenolic acids were converted to a large amount of free phenolic acids under the action of the relevant enzyme.

Justicia secunda Vahl leaf fraction protects against acetaminophen-induced liver damage in rats by alleviating oxidative stress and enhancing membrane-bound phosphatase activities

Objective: To investigate the effect of Justicia secunda Vahl leaf fraction against acetaminophen-induced oxidative damage in the liver of rats. Methods: In vitro antioxidant assays were performed on Justicia secunda leaf fractions. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analytical method was done. Experimental animals were orally administered with 2 g/kg b.wt. acetaminophen, 100-500 mg/kg b.wt. Justicia secunda ethyl acetate leaf fraction (JSELF), and 100 mg/kg b.wt. silymarin. Blood and liver were collected to measure hepatic, oxidative stress, and membrane-bound phosphatase markers. Results: JSELF had significantly (P<0.05) high total antioxidant capacity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. JSELF-treated animals had reduced plasma hepatic enzymes, serum C-reactive protein, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein while hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels were elevated compared with untreated control. Membrane-bound phosphatase activities were improved in JSELF-treated animals. GC-MS detected tentatively 7 antioxidants and 4 hepatoprotective compounds. Conclusions: JSELF could protect against oxidative stress and improve membrane-bound phosphatase activity in rats with acetaminophen-induced hepatic damage.

Justicia secunda Vahl leaf fraction protects against acetaminophen-induced liver damage in rats by alleviating oxidative stress and enhancing membrane-bound phosphatase activities

To investigate the effect of Justicia secunda Vahl leaf fraction against acetaminophen-induced oxidative damage in the liver of rats. Methods: In vitro antioxidant assays were performed on Justicia secunda leaf fractions. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analytical method was done. Experimental animals were orally administered with 2 g/kg b.wt. acetaminophen, 100-500 mg/kg b.wt. Justicia secunda ethyl acetate leaf fraction (JSELF), and 100 mg/kg b.wt. silymarin. Blood and liver were collected to measure hepatic, oxidative stress, and membrane-bound phosphatase markers. Results: JSELF had significantly (P0.05) high total antioxidant capacity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. JSELF-treated animals had reduced plasma hepatic enzymes, serum C-reactive protein, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein while hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels were elevated compared with untreated control. Membrane-bound phosphatase activities were improved in JSELF-treated animals. GC-MS detected tentatively 7 antioxidants and 4 hepatoprotective compounds. Conclusions: JSELF could protect against oxidative stress and improve membrane-bound phosphatase activity in rats with acetaminophen-induced hepatic damage.

Extraordinary Response of Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer to Chemotherapy / 대한소화기암학회지

A 58-year-old woman presented with right flank and back pain for one month. After undergoing an abdominal computed tomography (CT), she was referred to our hospital. The abdominal CT showed a hypodense pancreatic tail mass with multiple retroperitoneal lymph node metastases. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scan showed high 18F-FDG uptake in pancreatic tumor and enlarged lymph nodes. Endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) revealed adenocarcinoma, which stained strongly in hENT1 (human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1) on immunohistochemistry. She received gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m² + nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel 125 mg/m² as a palliative chemotherapy. Follow-up abdominal CT and PET-CT after 4 cycles of chemotherapy showed that both pancreatic mass and the metastatic retroperitoneal lymph nodes were nearly disappeared. We report a case of 58-year-old female with metastatic pancreatic cancer who had a dramatic response to palliative chemotherapy (gemcitabine plus nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel).

Influence of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic cancer on chemo-resistance / 中国肿瘤临床

Immunosuppressive cells in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment play an important role in tumor development. Various immunosuppressive cytokines are secreted by these cells. Immunosuppressive cells may also influence the chemotherapeutic effect as well as promote drug resistance. Gemcitabine, albumin-bound paclitaxel, and other first-line chemotherapy agents not only suppress the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells directly but also indirectly reinforce the anti-tumor effect of immune cells. However, chemo-therapeutic drugs may also induce immunosuppression, drug resistance, and tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the im-munosuppressive features of the pancreatic cancer microenvironment and its reciprocal relationship with chemotherapy, aiming to op-timize the current chemotherapy strategies from the perspective of the tumor immune microenvironment.

Efficacy and safety of albumin-bound paclitaxel in the treatment of advanced malignant tumors / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of albumin-bound paclitaxel in the treatment of advanced malignant tumors.Methods Patients in advanced stage of cancer who had had drug-resistant relapse after receiving multiple-line treatment received chemotherapy with albumin-bound paclitaxel from May 2016 to April 2018 in Daxing Hospital of Capital Medical University.Their clinical data were collected to evaluate the treatment efficacy and safety profile.Results 36 patients who had advanced treatment-resistent tumors with evaluable data were enrolled.Of 36 patients,55.56％ (20) had previously received chemotherapy with paclitaxel.The objective response rate (ORR) was 8.33％,the disease control rate (DCR) was 25.0％,the median progression free survival (PFS) was 106 days,and the median overall survival (OS) was 183 days.The main adverse reactions of grade 3-4 were hematological toxicity,including neutropenia [36.11％ (13/36)],anemia and thrombocytopenia [5.56％ (2/36)and 16.67％ (6/36)]in patients without neutropenia fever.Adverse effects of 3-4 degrees related to non-hematologic toxicity were not observed.Conclusions Chemotherapy regimen with albumin-bound paclitaxel has certain efficacy for advanced malignant tumors resistant to multiple lines of therapy and the adverse effects could be generally tolerated.