Simulación en laparoscopía avanzada con un modelo de anastomosis entero-entérica / Simulation in advanced laparoscopy with an entero-enteric anastomosis model / Simulação em laparoscopia avançada com um modelo de anastomose entero-entérica

Resumen: Introducción: la enseñanza de la cirugía atraviesa un cambio de paradigma, siendo el entrenamiento en laparoscopía avanzada uno de sus mayores desafíos. El objetivo de este estudio es describir y evaluar la experiencia de un servicio de cirugía universitario con un modelo de entrenamiento simulado de anastomosis intestinal laparoscópica. Método: tres residentes de cirugía general completaron un programa de entrenamiento de cuatro semanas. Se utilizó un modelo biológico ex vivo en box trainer, evaluando objetivamente la realización de una anastomosis entero-entérica. Resultados: el tiempo de ejecución del procedimiento se redujo en una media de 15 minutos, con una mejoría significativa del desempeño según la escala OSATS. Discusión: la implementación de un programa validado y modificado de simulación en laparoscopía avanzada permitió obtener resultados positivos, utilizando para ello solo el 4% de la carga horaria semanal curricular. El modelo tiene una alta fidelidad, bajo costo y es fácilmente reproducible. Conclusiones: el entrenamiento simulado en laparoscopía es una herramienta obligatoria y beneficiosa durante la formación del cirujano general.

Summary: Background: there is a changing paradigm in surgical education, being laparoscopic training one of its major challenges. The objective of this study is to describe and evaluate our experience with a simulated laparoscopic small bowel anastomosis training model at a universitary surgical center. Methods: a 4-week training program was conducted with participation of 3 general surgery residents. An ex vivo biological model in a box trainer was used to objectively evaluate a simulated entero-enterostomy. Results: final procedure time was reduced an average of 15 minutes, with better outcomes according to OSATS scale. Discussion: implementation of a modified, validated advanced laparoscopic skills training program showed positive results, taking only 4% of the weekly curricular schedule. The model has high fidelity, low cost and is easily reproducible. Conclusions: simulated laparoscopic training is both mandatory and beneficial in surgical education.

Resumo: Introdução: o ensino da cirurgia atravessa um cambio de paradigma, sendo o treinamento em laparoscopia avançada um de sus maiores desafios. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever e avaliar a experiencia de um serviço universitário de cirurgia com um modelo de treinamento simulado de anastomose intestinal laparoscópica. Métodos: 3 residentes de cirurgia general completaram um programa de treinamento de 4 semanas. Foi empregado um modelo biológico ex vivo em simuladores de caixa, avaliando objetivamente a realização de uma anastomose entero-entérica. Resultados: o tempo de execução do procedimento foi reduzido em média 15 minutos, com una melhoria significativa do desempenho segundo a escala OSATS. Discussão: a implementação de um programa validado e modificado de simulação em laparoscopia avançada permitiu obter resultados positivos, utilizando somente 4% da carga horaria semanal curricular. O modelo tem alta fidelidade, baixo custo e é facilmente reproduzível. Conclusões: o treinamento simulado em laparoscopia é uma ferramenta obrigatória e benéfica durante a formação do cirurgião geral.

Tissue fusion technology versus suture and staple in porcine bowel anastomosis: an in vivo study

The aim of this study was to make a comparison between the tissue fusion technique and conventional methods for sealing bowel anastomosis. Eighteen female domestic pigs (Suidae, Sus) were used in our study. Tissue-fused anastomoses (LigaSure groups) were made in 13 animals (5 anastomoses per animal), which were subdivided into 4 groups according to different manufacturing settings: "LigaSure-L-1" and "LigaSure-L-2", with low energy output level with 1 or 2 device-activated tissue sealing times, and "LigaSure-M" and "LigaSure-H", with medium or high energy output level. As controls, automatically stapled (GIA group) and hand-sewn (suture group) anastomoses were utilized in 3 and 2 animals, respectively. There was no statistical difference in the overall leakage rate between the GIA group (6.7%) and the LigaSure groups (15%) (P=1.000). There was less proliferating epithelium covering the anastomosis gap in the LigaSure groups compared with the other two groups. The gap between the two extremities of muscular layers of the anastomosis in the LigaSure groups was filled with collagen fibers. More proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells were found in the anastomoses of the LigaSure groups compared with the other two groups (P=0.010). Our results showed that the tissue fusion technology was a feasible and safe method for anastomoses.

Effects of Aloe Vera on healing of colonic anastomoses: experimental rat study / Efeitos da Aloe Vera na cicatrização de anastomoses colônicas: estudo experimental em ratos

ABSTRACT Background: Although herbal medicinal products are being used widely throughout the World, beneficial and harmful effects have not been well documented. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of Aloe Vera (AV) on colonic anastomosis healing. Material and methods: 112 albino Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five main groups: preoperative Aloe Vera Group (P), pre- and postoperative Aloe Vera Group (PP), Control Group (C), sham Aloe Vera Group (SA) and Sham Control Group (SC). Groups P, PP, and SA received 1.6 mL/kg per day Aloe Vera by orogastric feeding catheter for 1 month prior to the experiment. Groups P, PP, and C underwent anastomosis of the distal colon, and subgroups (n = 4) of each were sacrificed on postoperative day 3, 7, 14 and 21. Anastomotic bursting pressure, perianastomotic collagen content and histopathological changes were studied. Results: The SC Group had significantly higher ABP when compared with the SA Group (p = 0.0002), although hydroxyproline content showed no difference. When ABP was compared between anastomosis groups, it was found significantly lower in Aloe Vera groups on Day 3 (P3 vs. C3, p = 0.003 and PP3 vs. C3, p = 0.007). Hydroxyproline content was significantly lower in Group PP than Group C, also on Day 3 (p = 0.05). Significant difference was not detected after Day 3 in any of the study parameters. Conclusion: Aloe Vera decreased tissue collagen content in the early postoperative period. It is advisable to call into question the concomitant usage of conventional medicine and the herbal supplements for the surgeons in their clinical practice.

RESUMO Fundamentação: Embora os medicamentos à base de plantas sejam amplamente utilizados no mundo inteiro, seus efeitos (benéficos e prejudiciais) não estão bem documentados. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da Aloe vera (AV) na cicatrização de anastomoses colônicas. Material e métodos: 112 ratos Wistar albinos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em cinco grupos principais: AV pré-operatório (P), AV pré e pós-operatório (PP), controle (C), sham AV (SA) e sham controle (SC). Os grupos P, PP e SA receberam AV em uma dose de 1,6 mL/kg por dia por sonda de alimentação orogástrica por 1 mês antes do experimento. Os grupos P, PP e C foram submetidos a anastomose do cólon distal. Subgrupos (n = 4) de cada grupo foram sacrificados no terceiro, sétimo, 14° e 21° dias pós-operatórios. Os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados: pressão de ruptura anastomótica (PRA), conteúdo de colágeno perianastomótico e alterações histopatológicas. Resultados: O grupo SC apresentou PRA significativamente maior quando comparado ao grupo SA (p = 0,0002), embora o conteúdo de hidroxiprolina não tenha apresentado diferença. Ao comparar a PRA entre os grupos de anastomose, ela foi significativamente menor no terceiro dia nos grupos que usaram AV (P3 vs. C3, p = 0,003 e PP3 vs. C3, p = 0,007). No terceiro dia, o teor de hidroxiprolina foi significativamente menor no grupo PP do que no grupo C (p = 0,05). Após o terceiro dia, não se observou diferença significativa em nenhum dos parâmetros do estudo. Conclusão: O uso de AV diminuiu o conteúdo de colágeno tecidual no período pós-operatório imediato. É aconselhável questionar o uso concomitante da medicina convencional e suplementos fitoterápicos na prática clínica.

Bowel Anastomosis in Single Port Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy: Comparison of Functional End to End Anastomosis and Isoperistaltic Side to Side Anastomosis

PURPOSE: Colorectal surgeries by single port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS) are increasing. While recent studies have reported results that are similar with the idea of conventional laparoscopy, SPLS is considered superior to conventional laparoscopy with regard to cosmetic aspects. We investigated the question of whether length of incision and postoperative recovery are different depending on the method of anastomosis in patients who underw ent SPLS right hemicolectomy (RHC). METHODS: Data on patients who underwent SPLS RHC from May 2011 to April 2012 at Samsung Medical Center were retrospectively collected. Among 117 patients, 31 received functional end-to-end anastomosis (FEEA) while 86 received isoperistaltic side-to-side anastomosis (ISSA). RESULTS: Operation time was shorter in FEEA compared to ISSA (152+/-42 vs 172+/-35 min, p=0.01). Neither group required an additional port. Although wound extension for specimen delivery tended to be frequent in loop type specimen after FEEA, the result was statistically insignificant (58.1 vs 43.0%, p=0.15). No difference in wound length was observed (4.4+/-1.0 vs 4.5+/-1.5 cm). Length of stay was longer in ISSA compared to FEEA (6.3+/-2.1 vs 7.9+/-4.3 days, p=0.01), and there was no difference in first gas passage (2.5+/-0.9 vs 2.8+/-0.9 days, p=0.26). Although three patients (9.7%) with FEEA and 19 patients (22.1%) with ISSA had postoperative complications, the difference was insignificant. CONCLUSION: Theoretically, delivery of a tube shaped specimen after ISSA is expected to reduce unnecessary wound extension and possible tumor dissemination compared to loop shape specimen after FEEA. However, results of our study showed no advantage in recovery period and wound length. We suggest that future prospective study might reveal more valuable conclusions on the subject.

Comparison of Sutureless Anastomosis Using the ValtracTM Biofragmentable Anastomosis Ring with Conventional Manual Suture Anastomosis in Enterocolic Surgery

No abstract available.