A resting-state fMRI comparative study on bladder storage function between normal volunteers and neurogenic overactive bladder / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To observe central responses and functional connectivity (FC) during urinary bladder storage in neurogenic overactive bladder (NOAB).Methods:Twenty patients with NOAB were recruited. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI)were performed in all subjects under the following two conditions: empty bladder state and full bladder (strong desire to void)state. Software MATLAB, SPM8 and DPABI were adopted to analyze the difference of brain imaging between the two conditions. Voxel-based analysis of the REHO was performed to analyze rs-fMRI data including the main excitatory regions and inhibitory areas, peak value(X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis), clusters size (active volume unit: number of voxel), T value(the excitatory and inhibitory extent of brain active regions). Voxel-based analysis of the REHO maps and FC between empty and full bladder were performed.Results:Increased activity during strong desire to void with NOAB patients was observed in the left orbital part of superior frontal, right middle frontal gyrus, and right superior frontal. Decreased activity was observed in right precentral. FC analysis found that these activated or deactivated brain regions were widely connected with other brain areas, include: frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, cingulate gyrus, lenticular nucleus, insular lobe, angular gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and anterior and posterior central gyrus.Conclusions:Our results suggested that the right frontal robe may play a role in the control of bladder with NOAB during strong desire to void, and inhibitory areas located in right precentral. In NOAB patients, excitatory and inhibitory connections were increased in frontal lobe and central gyrus, decreased in insular lobe and parhippocampal gyrus.

Diseño de sistema para controlar una silla de ruedas mediante señales eléctricas cerebrales / System Design to control a wheelchair using brain electric signals

RESUMEN Fundamento: Las personas con lesiones de la médula espinal pueden presentar parálisis muscular e imposibilidad para realizar movimientos de diferentes partes del cuerpo, en dependencia del nivel de la lesión. En la actualidad, es posible utilizar las corrientes eléctricas generadas en la superficie del cráneo, producto de la actividad cerebral, para mover una silla de ruedas eléctrica, de manera que disminuye la dependencia de esos pacientes. Objetivo: describir el diseño de un sistema para controlar una silla de ruedas, mediante señales eléctricas cerebrales de un paciente con paraplejía. Métodos: estudio de innovación tecnológica, realizado en la Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial del Ecuador. La aplicación software para detectar las ondas cerebrales se desarrolló en la plataforma LabVIEW, mediante bibliotecas de vínculos dinámicos (edk.dll) de Emotiv y librerías de Arduino. Las señales de electroencefalografía generadas por el usuario (emoción, participación/aburrimiento, frustración y meditación) fueron observadas y medidas usando un waveform. La prueba del sistema se realizó con un paciente de 40 años de edad, con paraplejía espástica causada por una fractura en la columna vertebral. Resultados: se obtuvo un índice de efectividad mayor del 85 %. El índice de carga de trabajo obtenido fue de un 60,33 %, con índices de cargas individuales relevantes: demanda mental con 22,67 % y rendimiento con un 30 %. Conclusión: el desempeño del sistema descrito resultó adecuado para la movilidad del prototipo de silla de ruedas.

ABSTRACT Foundation: People with spinal cord injuries may have muscular paralysis and inability to perform movements of different parts of the body, depending on the injury level. At present, it is possible to use the electric currents generated on the skull surface, resulting from brain activity, to move an electric wheelchair, so that their dependence decreases. Objective: to describe a system for controlling a wheelchair, by means of the brain electric signals of a paraplegic patient. Methods: study of technological innovation, conducted at the Equinoctial Technological University of Ecuador. The software application to detect brain waves was developed on the LabVIEW platform, using Dynamic Link Libraries (edk.dll) from Emotiv and Arduino libraries. The electroencephalography signals generated by the user (emotion, participation / boredom, frustration and meditation) were observed and measured using a waveform. The system test was performed with a 40-year-old patient with spastic paraplegia caused by a fracture in the spine. Results: an effectiveness index greater than 85 % was obtained. The workload index obtained was 60.33 %, with relevant individual load indices: mental demand with 22.67 % and yield with 30 %. Conclusion: the described system performance was adequate for the wheelchair prototype mobility.

Actividad eléctrica cerebral de la atención en adolescentes policonsumidores por medio de un equipo de BCI (Brain Control Interface) / Atividade elétrica cerebral da atenção em adolescentes policonsumidores por meio de um equipamento de Brain Control Interface (BCI) / Brain electrical activity of attention in polydrug adolescents using an equipment BCI (Brain Control Interface)

Resumen El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas es un problema de salud pública que afecta cada vez más a la población adolescente. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo registrar la actividad eléctrica cerebral (EEG) en tareas de atención (sostenida y selectiva) en un grupo de adolescentes policonsumidores. Se empleó un diseño ex post-facto retrospectivo con grupo cuasi control, en 46 adolescentes con edades entre los 12 los 17 años: 23 policonsumidores y 23 cuasi-controles. Para el registro de la actividad eléctrica cerebral se utilizó un equipo de BCI (Brain Control Interface) Emotiv EPOC research grade 14 Channel Mobile EEG y se aplicó el Programa virtual de entrenamiento cerebral Brain HQ con el módulo "enfoco mi atención" para la evaluación de la atención. Los resultados mostraron un incremento de ondas cerebrales beta-β (13-30 Hz), theta-θ (4-7 Hz) y delta-δ (3-4 Hz) en áreas frontales y prefrontales en los adolescentes policonsumidores en tareas de atención en comparación con el grupo cuasi-control. Se identificó una diferencia significativa con respecto al tiempo de respuesta entre los adolescentes consumidores de sustancias psicoactivas frente al grupo cuasi-control en ambos tipos de tareas atencionales.

Resumo O consumo de substâncias psicoativas é um problema de saúde pública que afeta cada vez mais a população adolescente. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo registrar a atividade elétrica cerebral (EEG) em tarefas de atenção (sustentada e alternada) num grupo de adolescentes policonsumidores. Foi empregado um desenho ex post-facto retrospectivo com grupo quasecontrole, em en 46 adolescentes entre 12 e 17 anos de idade: 23 policonsumidores e 23 quase-controles. Para o registro da atividade elétrica cerebral, foi utilizado um equipamento de Brain Control Interface (BCI) Emotiv EPOC research grade 14 Channel Mobile EEG e foi aplicado o Programa Virtual de Treinamento Cerebral Brain HQ, com o módulo "foco minha atenção" para a avaliar a atenção. Os resultados mostraram um aumento de ondas cerebrais beta-β (13-30 Hz), theta-θ (4-7 Hz) e delta-δ (3-4 Hz) em áreas frontais e pré-frontais nos adolescentes policonsumidores em tarefas de atenção em comparação com o grupo quase-controle. Foi identificada uma diferença significativa a respeito do tempo de resposta entre os adolescentes consumidores de substâncias psicoativas ante o grupo quase-controle em ambos os tipos de tarefas de atenção.

Abstract The consumption of psychoactive substances is a public health problem that increasingly affects the adolescent population. This investigation had the objective of record the brain electrical activity (EEG) in attention tasks (sustained and selective) in a group of polyconsumers. Employment a retrospective ex post-facto design with a quasi-control group with 46 adolescents between 12-17 years old: 23 polyconsumers and 23 quasi-controls. For the recording of brain electrical activity, it was used a equipment BCI (Brain Control Interface) research grade 14 Channel Mobile EEG and applied the Brain Training Virtual Program "Brain HQ" module "focus my attention" to evaluate the attention. The results showed an increase in beta-β (1330 Hz), theta-θ (4-7 Hz) and delta-δ (3-4 Hz) brain waves in frontal and prefrontal areas in adolescent polyonsumers versus the quasi-control group in attention tasks. Likewise, identified a significant difference with respect to the response time between adolescents consuming psychoactive substances in relation to the quasi-control group in both types of attentional tasks.

Research and application of magnetic resonance coordinate transformation method for brain control technology of carp robots / 生物医学工程学杂志

To solve the problem of precise positioning of carp brain tissue coordinates, it is proposed in this paper for a method for transforming the coordinates of magnetic resonance imaging of carp brain tissue into the coordinates of electrode implantation using a brain stereotaxic apparatus. In this study, the 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging instrument was used to scan the carp brain. We independently established the three-dimensional positioning coordinate system of the brain, the three-dimensional coordinate assistance system of skull surface and the three-dimensional coordinate assistance system in brain tissue. After two coordinate transformations, the magnetic resonance image coordinates of the brain electrodes implantation sites were converted into the three-dimensional stereotactic coordinate system to guide the electrodes implantation. The experimental groups were divided into two groups, A and B. Group A was the group of magnetic resonance imaging apparatus combining with the brain stereotaxic apparatus, and group B was the group of brain atlas combining with the brain stereotaxic apparatus. Each group had 20 tails of carps ( = 20). This two methods were used to implant the electrodes into the cerebellar motor area. The underwater experiments of the carp robots were carried out to test the two methods. The results showed that the accuracy of the implanted electrodes were 90% in group A and 60% in group B. The success rate of group A was significantly higher than that of group B ( < 0.05). Therefore, the new method in this paper can accurately determine the coordinates of carp brain tissue.

Direct brain-controlled multi-robot cooperation task / 生物医学工程学杂志

Brain control is a new control method. The traditional brain-controlled robot is mainly used to control a single robot to accomplish a specific task. However, the brain-controlled multi-robot cooperation (MRC) task is a new topic to be studied. This paper presents an experimental research which received the "Innovation Creative Award" in the brain-computer interface (BCI) brain-controlled robot contest at the World Robot Contest. Two effective brain switches were set: total control brain switch and transfer switch, and BCI based steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) was adopted to navigate a humanoid robot and a mechanical arm to complete the cooperation task. Control test of 10 subjects showed that the excellent SSVEP-BCI can be used to achieve the MRC task by appropriately setting up the brain switches. This study is expected to provide inspiration for the future practical brain-controlled MRC task system.

A resting-state functional MRI study on brain control of bladder storage function / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective In order to observe central responses during naturally occurring urinary bladder storage in healthy subjects,we examined brain areas that control strong bladder sensation by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).Methods 44 healthy subjects (19 men and 25 women,between 22 and 50 years of age) were screened in the study from October 2014 to October 2016.All subjects were right-handed and scanned twice under the following two conditions:empty bladder (bladder volume ＜ 10 ml)and full bladder (‘strong desire to void’,bladder volume between 200 and 400 ml)without the use of filling with a catheter.Brain imaging softwares (SPM8,DPABI,REST) were adopted to analyze the difference in brain-blood perfusion between these two conditions.Voxel-based analysis of the regional homogeneity (ReHo) was performed to analyze rs-fMRI data including the main excitatory regions and inhibitory areas,peak value (X-axis,Y-axis,Z-axis),clusters size (active volume unit:number of voxel),T value (the excitatory and inhibitory extent of brain active regions).Results The rs-fMRI scans of 44 healthy subjects were analyzed.Nine subjects were excluded because of excessive head movements of more than 1.5 mm and 1.5° in rotation.Data sets were obtained from 35 subjects in two states of bladder,empty bladder and strong desires to void.Increased activity during strong desire to void was observed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC),anterior cingulate cortex (ACC),hypothalamus,temporal lobes and left caudate nucleus.Conclusions There are significant changes in the brain's ReHo during the strong sensation to void.The results suggest that the PFC,the ACC,hypothalamus,temporal lobes and left caudate nucleus play a role in the cerebral control of bladder storage without artificial bladder filling in healthy people.

Identificación y descripción de la intimidación escolar en instituciones educativas del municipio de Popayán / Identification and description of school bullying in institutions in the municipality of Popayan

Se identifica y describe el fenomeno de la intimidación escolar en una muestra de 1.300 estudiantes, 513 padres y 81 docentes de 5 instituciones educativas del municipio de Popayán, Colombia. Se utilizó metodología cuantitativa-descriptiva y análisis con SPSS en frecuencias relativas. Los resultados demuestran la existencia de intimidación física en el 44 % a través de golpes, patadas y quitar elementos escolares, e intimidación psicológica en el 70 % incluyendo gritar a un compañero, poner apodos, coaccionar, amenazar y excluir. En el 35.1 % los profesores consideran el problema como grave en su institución, y que es necesaria su reflexión en el 71.6 %, el 31.4 % de los padres consideran muy grave el problema.

he goal was to describe school bullying is identified and described in a sample of 1300 students, 513 parents and 81 teachers from five schools in Popayán, Colombia. We used quantitative methodology to describe and analyze in terms of relative frequencies with SPSS. Results show a 44% prevalence of school bullying, through punches, kicks, theft of school materials, and psychological intimidation in 70%, including yelling at peers, name-calling, coercion, threats and exclusion. 35.1% of the teachers and 31.4% of the parents regard the situation as significant, and 71.6% consider that a reflection on the subject is needed.

Development of brain computer interface technology and its application prospect in brain control animals / 军事医学

The study of brain-machine interfaces ( BMI) based on humans or animals is expected to improve the living conditions of patients with brain injury, nervous system disease and limb movement disorders.Considerable progress has been made over the past ten years, which is gradually being used to address the long-term and stability issues of BMIs technology.The result of study on safety and security of BMIs has led to the appearance of brain control animals.In this paper, the development of BMI technology and the application prospects of brain control animals are reviewed.

Registro de la actividad eléctrica cerebral de la atención implicada en la conducción bajo el efecto del alcohol usando un instrumento BCI (brain control interface) / Using a brain control interface to record brain activity involved in attention during driving under the influence of alcohol

La ingestión de alcohol se ha vinculado con cambios característicos en la actividad EEG, y estos cambios dependen de diversos factores; si bien se reconoce en la literatura una amplia variabilidad de diseños experimentales, la gran mayoría de estos se han centrado en reportar el efecto del alcohol en sujetos alcohólicos con antecedentes de consumo de dosis casi siempre altas y frecuentes, y en un menor porcentaje, el efecto del alcohol cuando hay un consumo agudo de dosis bajas de alcohol. El presente proyecto registró la actividad eléctrica cerebral de la atención implicada en la conducción con el equipo BCI (brain control interface) EPOC, bajo el efecto de 0,300 g de alcohol, correspondiente a un porcentaje de 0,02 % BAC (blood alcohol content) en prueba de alcoholímetro, y a su vez en ausencia de alcohol mediante un diseño pre-experimental con preprueba-postprueba, con un solo grupo de 30 estudiantes universitarios entre 18 y 45 años de edad. Los resultados mostraron que el alcohol en dosis bajas logra generar cambios en la dinámica de las ondas, disminuyendo la amplitud de ondas rápidas como alfa (9-13Hz) y beta (14-30 Hz), específicamente en zonas asociadas a los lóbulos frontales implicadas en tareas de atención sostenida en conducción.

The ingestion of alcohol has been linked to characteristic changes in EEG activity, and these changes depend on several factors. Previous research has been conducted with a variety of experimental designed, but most have focused on reporting the effect of alcohol consumption in subjects with a history of alcohol abuse, and a few have reported the effects of lower doses of alcohol. This project recorded brain activity related to attention in a driving situation with an emotiv EPOP brain control interface (BCI) device after ingestion of 0,300 g of alcohol (0,02 % BAC) or none in a pre-experiemental pre-test and post-test design with 30 college students aged 18-45. Results suggest that lower doses of alcohol change wave dynamics, reducing the amplitude of fast alpha (9-13Hz) and beta (14-30Hz) waves in frontal lobe zones involved in sustained attention in driving.