Produção e composição bromatológica de vinte e cinco genótipos de sorgo (sorghum bicolor (L. ) Moench) / Chemical composition and production of 25 hybrids of sorghum (sorghum bicolor (L. ) Moench)

Chemical composition and dry matter (DM) productivity of 25 genotypes of sorghum were obtained. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with 25 treatments and three replications each. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means grouped by Scott-Knot Test (5 percent). The level of DM productivity varied from 6.82 to 14.17ton/hectare, and the higher level was obtained by VOLUMAX genotype (16.09 ton/hectare). The levels of crude protein varied from 5.24 to 7.79 percent. No differences were detected between the genotypes to neutral detergent fiber levels, which varied from 59.03 to 73.04 percent. Considering the level of acid detergent fiber, the variation interval was 26.78 to 40.92 percent. The better genotypes for silage production were ATF54*9929036, CMSXS212*9929048, CMSXS217*9929012, and VOLUMAX.

Doses e fontes de nitrogênio na recuperação de pastagens do capim-marandu / Nitrogen doses and sources on pasture recuperation of grass marandu

Avaliaram-se o efeito de doses e fontes de nitrogênio na recuperação do capim-marandu, por um período de três anos, em pastagem estabelecida há mais de 10 anos, com baixa produção de forragem. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos ao acaso, com três repetições. Nas parcelas foi utilizado o fatorial 2 x 4, sendo duas fontes de nitrogênio (sulfato de amônio e uréia) e quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 100, 200 e 300kg ha-1 ano-1). Nas subparcelas, foram alocados os três anos (2004, 2005 e 2006), referentes ao tempo de recuperação da pastagem. A aplicação de nitrogênio foi determinante para a recuperação do capim-marandu. A maior produção de massa seca foi observada no segundo ano e o maior teor de proteína bruta no terceiro ano de recuperação da pastagem. As maiores doses de nitrogênio promoveram acréscimos lineares na produção de massa seca e redução nos teores de fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido. O sulfato de amônio promoveu maior produção de massa seca do que a ureia, em todas as doses e anos avaliados.

The effects of nitrogen doses and sources were evaluated on pasture recuperation of grass marandu, in a three-year period. The pasture was established for more than ten years and it was presenting low herbage production being considered in moderate degradation phase. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with split-plots and three replications, in a 2x4 factorial, being two sources of N (ammonium sulphate and urea) and four doses of N (0, 100, 200, and 300kg ha-1 yr-1). The time of pasture evaluation was represented by the years 2004, 2005, and 2006. The highest dry matter production was observed in the second year and the highest crude protein in the third one. The highest nitrogen doses promoted linear increase on dry mass production and decrease in fiber concentration and in neutral and acid detergents. Ammonium sulphate resulted in higher dry mass production than urea in all doses applied and evaluated years.

Produção de massa seca e nutrição nitrogenada de cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich) Stapf sob doses de nitrogênio / Dry mass production and nitrogen nutritional value of Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich) Stapf cultivars under nitrogen doses

O nitrogênio (N) é considerado um dos nutrientes responsável pelo crescimento vegetativo das plantas, mantendo as pastagens produtivas e com bom valor nutritivo. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada na produção de massa seca, valor nutritivo e nutrição nitrogenada de cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich) Stapf. O delineamento utilizado foi blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 3 x 4 (três cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha: Marandu, Xaraés e MG-4; e quatro doses de N: 0, 50, 100 e 150 mg.dm-3, tendo como fonte a uréia), com três repetições. Avaliaram-se três cortes nas forrageiras, com intervalos de 30 dias. A adubação nitrogenada proporciona aumentos lineares nas produções de massa seca, teores de PB, nitrato, amônio e clorofila (unidade SPAD); e redução nos teores de FDN e FDA nos cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha. O cultivar Xaraés apresenta maior produção de massa seca, teor de PB, clorofila (unidade SPAD) e menores teores de FDN e FDA que os cultivares Marandu e MG-4.

Nitrogen (N) is considered one of the major nutrients responsible for vegetative pasture growth, by influencing forage productivity and nutritive value. With this in mind, dry mass production and quality of Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich) Stapf cultivars were studied and evaluated in order to discover nitrogen (N) fertilization effect on pasture grown under Brazilian savanna conditions. The experimental design used was randomized block in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme (three Brachiaria brizantha cultivars: Marandu, Xaraés, and MG-4 and applying four doses of N: 0, 50, 100, and 150 mg.dm-3, using urea as N source with three replications. Three forage cuttings were done in 30 day intervals. Nitrogen fertilization resulted in a linear increase of dry mass production, crude protein content, nitrate, ammonium, and chlorophyll (SPAD unit) content and a decrease of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content in Brachiaria brizantha cultivars. Xaraés cultivar presented greater dry mass production, crude protein content, chlorophyll (SPAD unit) content, and lower NDF and ADF content than Marandu and MG-4 cultivars.

Composição bromatológica e parâmetros físicos de grãos de sorgo com diferentes texturas do endosperma / Chemical composition and physical parameters of sorghum with differents endosperm textures

Chemical composition and physical parameters of 33 sorghum grain genotypes with different endosperm textures were obtained. Dry matter mean of genotypes was 88.77 percent; crude protein varied from 9.85 percent to 18.28 percent; starch varied from 62.07 percent to 78.74 percent; ether extract from 1.76 percent to 3.68 percent; crude fibra from 0.35 percent to 6.60 percent. Tannins were observed only for BR 305, SHS 600 and A 9904. The 1,000 grains weight varied from 12.58g for CMSXS 214 to 27,18g for A 9904. Density values varied from 1.40g/cm3 for texiota 5 to 1.50g/cm3 for SC 283. The vitreosity values varied from 1.10 to SC 283 to 4.20 for Early Hegari. Great variability for chemical and physical parameters of sorghum genotypes was observed