RESUMO
Resumen Esta investigación fue realizada bajo el alero de Amaranta, una ONG activista feminista chilena. Su objetivo fue explorar con perspectiva de género la violencia digital que afectó a mujeres de Chile y el estudio se realizó al inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19. Para ello, se encuestó a 531 mujeres de todas las regiones del país. De esta muestra no probabilística, un 73,8% habían sufrido violencia digital. Los ataques más reportados fueron: violencia verbal, acoso, envío de imágenes sexuales sin consentimiento, difamación, amenazas y pérdida de cuenta o acceso no consentido y tendían a provenir de personas anónimas y de hombres de su entorno. Entre las consecuencias de estas violencias, mencionan: efectos emocionales, en la autoestima o relación con su cuerpo y sentirse vigiladas. Se concluye que la violencia digital afecta de forma desmedida a mujeres, jóvenes y niñas y que, a raíz del poco o nulo acceso a educación sexual integral y alfabetización digital, podría costarles reconocerla, prevenirla y abordarla a tiempo.
Resumo Esta pesquisa foi realizada sob os auspícios da Amaranta, uma ONG ativista feminista chilena. Seu objetivo foi explorar a violência digital que afetou as mulheres no Chile desde uma perspectiva de gênero e o estudo foi realizado no início da pandemia da COVID-19. Para isso, foram entrevistadas 531 mulheres de todas as regiões do país. Desta amostra não probabilística, 73,8% sofreram violência digital. Os ataques mais relatados foram: violência verbal, assédio, envio de imagens sexuais sem consentimento, difamação, ameaças e perda de contas ou acesso não consentido, e sua origem tende a ser de pessoas anônimas e de homens ao seu redor. Dentre as consequências dessa violência citam: efeitos emocionais, na autoestima ou na relação com o corpo e o sentimento de ser vigiadas. Conclui-se que a violência digital afeta desproporcionalmente as mulheres, mulheres jovens e meninas que, como resultado do pouco ou nenhum acesso à educação sexual abrangente e à alfabetização digital, pode ser difícil para eles reconhecê-la, preveni-la e combatê-la a tempo.
Abstract This research was carried out under the wing of Amaranta, a Chilean feminist and activist NGO. Its objective was to explore from a gender perspective the digital violence that affected women in Chile. The study that was conducted at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, 531 women from all regions of the country were surveyed. Of this non-probabilistic sample, 73.8% had suffered digital violence. The most reported attacks were: verbal violence, harassment, sending sexual images without consent, defamation, threats and loss of account or non-consensual access and tended to come from anonymous persons and men in their immediate circle. Among the consequences they mention: emotional effects, effects on self-esteem or relationship with their body and feeling watched. It is concluded that digital violence has a disproportionate impact on women, young women and girls and that, due to little or no access to comprehensive sexual education and digital literacy, it may be difficult for them to recognize, prevent and address it in time.
RESUMO
Introducción: existen nuevas formas de acoso como el daño reiterado e intencionado a través de un medio electrónico, lo que se conoce como bullying cibernético, se puede brindar apoyo a las víctimas mediante redes sociales de apoyo. Objetivo: determinar el conocimiento sobre la importancia las redes sociales de apoyo para víctimas de bullying cibernético en adolescentes. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal en adolescentes de 12 a 17 años de las unidades educativas públicas y privadas de la parroquia Yaruquíes, durante el período julio - diciembre 2017. La información se recolectó a través de un cuestionario que se aplicó al universo de 458 adolescentes. La variable respuesta fue el nivel de conocimiento sobre la importancia de las redes sociales de apoyo. Entre las variables independientes se analizó, sexo y autoidentificación como mestizo o indígena. Resultados: 26% (n = 55) de hombres vs. 27% (n = 72) de mujeres y 35% (n = 11) de indígenas vs. 65% (n = 114) de mestizos han reportado haber sufrido bullying cibernético. Solo 26% (n = 120) de los adolescentes entrevistados respondieron tener conocimiento satisfactorio sobre redes sociales de apoyo para víctimas de bullying cibernético. Conclusión: a pesar de que un alto porcentanje de asolescentes ha reportado haber sufrido bullying cibernético, solo pocos conocen sobre la importancia de redes sociales de apoyo. Es necesario implementar invervenciones para dar a conocer alternativas de apoyo para adolescentes
Introduction: there are new forms of harassment such as repeated and intentional damage through electronic means including cyberbullying, is it possible to offer help through social networks. Objective: to determine the knowledge about the importance of social support networks for cyber bullying vitims in adolescents. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years of public and private educational institutions of Yaruquíes parish, during July - December 2017. Informations was collected through a questionnaire that was applied to the universe of 458 teenagers. Main outcome variable was level of knowledge about the importance of social support networks. Independent variables included sex and self-identification as mestizo or indigenous. Results: 26% (n = 55) of males vs. 27% (n = 72) of females, and 35% (n = 11) of indigenous vs. 65% (n = 114) of mestizos have reported to have suffered cyber bullying. Only 26% (n = 120) of respondents had a satisfactory level of knowledge about the importance of social support networks for cyberbullying victims. Conclusions: although a high percentage of adolscentes haver reported to have endured cyberbullying, only few of them know about social support networks. It is mandatory to implement interventions to making know about support alternatives for adolescts.