Mortalité à long terme des survivants d'accidents vasculaires cérébraux ischémiques à Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso / Long-term mortality of ischaemic stroke survivors in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Contexte et objectif. La survie à long terme des accidents vasculaires cérébraux ischémiques (AVCI) reste un défi majeur. L'objectif de ce travail était d'analyser la mortalité à long terme des survivants d'AVCI. Méthodes. Il s'est agi d'une cohorte rétrospective portant sur les patients hospitalisés du 1er janvier 2017 au 31 décembre 2019, sortis vivants du service de neurologie au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourô Sanou de Bobo-Dioulasso après un AVCI. Nous avons recouru aux méthodes de Kaplan Meier et la regression de Cox pour décrire respectivement la survie et les prédicteurs de la mortalité. Résultats. Au total, 87 patients dossiers ont été colligés. L'âge moyen était de 61,2 ans (±13,7). Le sex-ratio M/F était de 1,23/1. L'hypertension artérielle était le principal facteur de risque cardiovasculaire (65,5 %). Les antécédents de cardiopathies étaient présents chez 6 patients. La conscience était normale chez 82 patients et les complications de décubitus ont été observées chez 20 patients au cours de l'hospitalisation. La durée moyenne d'hospitalisation était de 15,8 jours. La mortalité cumulée en post hospitalisation était de 40,2 % à 4 ans. Les facteurs prédictifs de la mortalité étaient l'âge > 60 ans (p=0,008; HRa= 3,05 ; IC 95 % : 1,33-6,99), le score de Glasgow>9 (p<0,001; HRa = 0,09; IC 95 % : 0,02-0,31) et l'absence de complication de décubitus (p=0,009; HRa = 0,34; IC95 % : 0,15-0,76). Conclusion. Dans ce contexte, la mortalité à long terme des AVCI est élevée. Le renforcement du suivi vis-à-vis des groupes spécifiques pourrait contribuer à réduire considérablement cette mortalité à long terme.

Context and objective. Long-term survival from ischaemic stroke remains a major challenge. The aim of this study was to analyse the long-term mortality of stroke survivors at the Sourô Sanou University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso. Methods. This was a retrospective cohort of hospitalized patients from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019, discharged alive from the neurology service after ischaemic stroke. We used Kaplan Meier and Cox regression methods to describe survival and predictors of mortality, respectively. Results. A total of 87 patients were included in this study. The mean age was 61.2 years (±13.7). The sex ratio M/F was 1.23. Hypertension was the main cardiovascular risk factor (65.5%). A history of heart disease was present in 6 patients (6.9%). Consciousness was normal in 82 patients (94.2%) and decubitus complications were observed in 20 patients (23%) during hospitalisation. The average length of hospital stay was 15.8 days. Cumulative post-hospital mortality was 40.2% at 4 years. Factors predictive of mortality were age >60 years (p=0.008; aHR= 3.05; 95%CI: 1.33-6.99), Glasgow score>9 (p<0.001; aHR = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.02-0.31) and absence of decubitus complication (p=0.009; aHR = 0.34; 95%CI: 0.15-0.76). Conclusion. In this context, long-term mortality in ischaemic stroke is high. Closer monitoring of specific groups could help to reduce considerably this long-term mortality.

Pronostic immédiat des nouveaux nés de poids extrêment faible à l'hôpital Saint Camille de Ouagadougou de 2017 à 2021 / Immediate Prognostic of Extremely Low Weight Newborns at Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou From 2017 To 2021

Les prématurés d'extrême faible poids de naissance, constituent un problème de santé publique dans les pays en voie de développement. L'étude avait pour objectif d'évaluer le pronostic immédiat des nouveau-nés de poids de naissance extrêmement faible hospitalisés à l'Hôpital Saint Camille de Ouagadougou (HOSCO). Methode : Il s'est agi d'une étude descriptive et analytique à collecte de données rétrospectives ayant porté sur les nouveau-nés de poids de naissance < 20ans (p=0,013) étaient les facteurs associés à la mortalité. Conclusion : La prise en charge des extrêmes poids de naissance reste difficile à cause des moyens très limités dans nos pays.Des interventions simples comme la mise en place d'un réseau de périnatalité, peuvent améliorer de manière considérable la survie de ces nouveau-nés.

Extremely low birth weight infants are a public health problem in developing countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognosis of extremely low birth weight newborns hospitalized at Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou (HOSCO). Method: This was a descriptive and analytical study with retrospective data collection on newborns with birth weight <1000g in the neonatology department from January 2017 to December 2021. Results: A total of 319 newborns were admitted giving a hospital frequency of 8.62%. Male sex was predominant with a sex ratio of 1.02. The mean age was 0.18 ± 0.71 days. The main signs on admission were hypothermia 88.40% and respiratory distress 92.16%. The evolution was marked by 92.79% of deaths of which 90.20% occurred during the early neonatal period. Hypothermia, birth outside HOSCO and maternal age less than 20 years were the factors associated with mortality. Conclusion: The management of low birth weight remains difficult because of the very limited resources in our countries. Simple and inexpensive interventions can considerably improve the survival of these newborns

Sentinel laboratory compliance with best practices in Burkina Faso's antimicrobial resistance surveillance network

Background: Standardising procedures is the best way to harmonise and strengthen the quality of laboratory-based antimicrobial resistance surveillance. Since 2018, Burkina Faso has developed and disseminated the national manual of procedures for performing antibiotic susceptibility tests in sentinel laboratories within its national antimicrobial resistance surveillance network. Objective: Our study aimed to assess these sentinel laboratories' compliance with good practices for antibiotics susceptibility tests. Methods: Four teams evaluated the antimicrobial resistance sentinel sites laboratories throughout Burkina Faso from 19 to 28 September 2022. Eighteen out of 19 sentinel laboratories were evaluated. A four-member technical committee designed and validated the evaluation tool composed of three Microsoft Excel sheets. The evaluation emphasised quality controls for culture media, antibiotic discs and compliance with antimicrobial susceptibility testing procedures by the laboratories. Excel software was used for data recording and graphs and table design. The free R software version 4.2.0 was used for descriptive statistics. An overall score below 80% was considered noncompliance. Results: Most (83.33%) of the sentinel laboratories conducted at least one quality control activity for culture media, and 66.67% conducted at least one quality control activity for antibiotic discs. Over three-quarters (76.47%) of the laboratories were more than 80% compliant with the modified Kirby Bauer antimicrobial susceptibility testing method. Conclusion: The evaluation revealed the noncompliance of sentinel laboratories with the national procedure manual, particularly in the quality control component. What this study adds: This study has provided baseline data on the sentinel laboratories' compliance with the national antimicrobial susceptibility testing procedures manual, particularly in areas performing quality control checks or meeting quality indicators for culture media and antibiotic discs.

Déterminants communes et différents de l'utilisation des services de planification familiale dans trois communes à faible prévalence contraceptive du Burkina Faso, du Mali et du Niger / NA

Cet article intitulé«Déterminants communs et différents de l'utilisation des services de Planification Familiale danstrois communes à faible prévalence contraceptive du Burkina Faso, du Mali et du Nigeresttiré des résultats d'une étude transversale quantitative,menée par un consortium de trois instituts de recherche à savoir, le Centre Muraz au Burkina Faso,l'Institut Nationalde Santé publique au Mali etl'Initiative OASIS au Niger. L'étude a concerné 660 ménages, 790 femmes et 520 hommes. La collecte des données a été effectuée à l'aide d'un questionnairesemi-directif. Nous avons fait à une analyse descriptive uni-variée et bi-variée en utilisant le test de Khi-deux au seuil de 5%.Les déterminants identifiés étaient entre autres: le niveau descolarisation du chef de ménage, le statut matrimonial, l'occupation et l'autonomie reproductive de la femme et enfin sa connaissance des méthodes contraceptives modernes.

This article entitled "Common and different determinants of the use of Family Planning services in three communes with low contraceptive prevalence in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger is drawn from the results of a quantitative cross-sectional study, conductedby a consortium of three research institutes namely, the Muraz Center in Burkina Faso, the National Institute of Public Health in Mali,and the OASIS Initiative in Niger. The study involved 660 households, 790 women and 520 men. Data collection was carried out using a semi-structured questionnaire. We carried out a univariate and bivariate descriptive analysis using the Chi-square test at the 5% threshold.The determinants , among others: the level of education of the head of , the , the occupation,and reproductive autonomy of the woman and finally her knowledge of modern contraceptive methods.

Déterminants de l'introduction du poisson dans l'alimentation des enfants âgés de 6-23 mois en milieu urbain au Burkina Faso / NA

L'accumulation du capital humain commence dès l'enfance à travers une alimentation adéquate. Pour les pays en développement généralement caractériséspar la malnutrition infantile, la consommation du poisson constitue une opportunité pour améliorer le statut nutritionnel des enfants de 6-23 mois. Cet article vise à identifier les déterminants de l'introduction du poisson dans l'alimentation du jeune enfant. Pour y parvenir, des données ont été collectées auprès de 360 dans la la ville de Bobo-Dioulassoà travers une enquêtetransversale. Les données ont été principalement analysées à l'aide d'un modèle Logit simple. Selon les résultats, 76,9% des mères interrogées ont déjà introduit le poisson dans l'alimentation de l'enfanttandis que 43,1%ont donné du poisson au cours des 24 dernières heures précédant l'enquête. Des facteurs tels que la dépense journalière du ménage en poisson, l'âge de la mère de l'enfantet d'autres déterminantsont été identifiés comme ayant un impact significatif sur la pratique alimentaire. Les résultats obtenus plaident en faveur d'une intensification des politiques de pêche par la promotion de ce sous secteur économiqueà travers des actions de renforcement des capacités techniques, opérationnelles et institutionnelles des acteurs de la pêcheafin d'accroître l'offre nationale du poisson.En conclusion, l'étude permet de retenir que les interventions publiques de développement qui visent à améliorer les revenus des populations pauvres constituent des opportunités pour améliorer la consommation du poisson chez lesjeunes enfants.Mots clés: capital humain, poisson, enfants de 6-23 mois, Burkina Faso

The accumulation of human capital begins in childhood with adequate nutrition. For developing countries characterized by childhood malnutrition, fish consumption represents an opportunity to improve the nutritional status of children aged 6-23 months. This article aims to identify the determinants of the introduction of fish to young's children's diets. To achieve this, data was collected from 360 households in Bobo-Dioulasso through a cross-sectional survey. Data was essentially analyzed by using a simple Logit model. According to the results, 76.9% of the mothers interviewed had already introduced fish into their child's diet while 43.1% gave fish during the last 24 hours preceding the survey. Factors such as daily household expenditure on fish, age of the child's mother and other determinants were identified as having a significant impact on feeding practice. The results argue for fishing policies intensification by promoting that economic sub-sector through actions which strengthen technical, operational and institutional capacities of fishing stakeholders in order to increase the national supply of fish. , the study shows that public development development interventions aim to enhance poor population's income represent opportunities to improve fish consumption among young children.

Les péritonites biliaires: aspects diagnostiques et thérapeutiques / Biliary peritonitis: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects

Buts : Le but était de décrire les aspects diagnostiques et thérapeutiques des péritonites biliaires. Patients et méthodes : Il s'est agi d'une étude transversale descriptive à collecte rétrospective sur une période de 10 ans incluant les patients opérés pour péritonite biliaire. Résultats : Nous avons colligé 10 cas de péritonite biliaire d'un 'âge moyen de 38 ans avec un sex-ratio de 2,3. Deux patients présentaient une contusion abdominale par suite d'un accident de la circulation routière. Une douleur abdominale maximale à l'hypochondre droit était présente chez trois patients, des signes d'irritation péritonéale chez tous les patients, un sérodiagnostic de Widal et Félix positif chez huit patients. À la laparotomie médiane la vésicule biliaire était perforée chez trois patients, gangrénée chez cinq, phlegmoneuse chez un, scléro-atrophique chez un. La cholécystectomie a été réalisée chez tous les patients. La péritonite biliaire était d'origine traumatique chez deux patients, et typhique chez huit. En post opératoire on notait quatre cas de sepsis, et trois cas de suppuration pariétale. Trois patients sont décédés. Conclusion : les péritonites biliaires découvertes lors de laparotomies pour péritonite, étaient secondaires à des cholécystites typhiques, et avaient une forte morbi-mortalité.

Aims: The aim was to describe the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of biliary peritonitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective collection over a period of 10 years including patients operated on for biliary peritonitis. Results: We collected 10 cases of biliary peritonitis with an average age of 38 years with a sex ratio of 2.3. Two patients presented with an abdominal contusion following a road traffic accident. Maximum abdominal pain in the right hypochondrium was present in three patients, signs of peritoneal irritation in all patients, positive Widal and Felix serodiagnosis in eight patients. At midline laparotomy, the gallbladder was perforated in three patients, gangrenous in five, phlegmonous in one, sclero-atrophic in one. Cholecystectomy was performed in all patients. Biliary peritonitis was of traumatic origin in two patients, and typhoid in eight. Postoperatively, there were four cases of sepsis and three cases of parietal suppuration. Three patients died. Conclusion: Biliary peritonitis discovered during laparotomies for peritonitis, was secondary to typhoid cholecystitis, and had a high morbidity and mortality.

Evolution des indicateurs d'alerte précoce de la résistance aux antirétroviraux au Burkina Faso entre 2014 et 2017 / Progression antiretroviral therapy therapy resistance warning indicator indicator in Burkina Faso between 2014 and 2017

Résumé:l'utilisation des antirétroviraux (ARV) à grande échelle aux personnes vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH) s'accompagne d'un développement de résistance au VIH (R-ARV). Nous avons déterminé la performance de trois indicateurs d'alerte précoce (IAP) associés à un risque élevé d'émergence de R-ARV au Burkina Faso à travers une étude transversale répétée entre 2014 et 2017. Nous avons analysé l'évolution des IAP de l'émergence de R-ARVau cours de cette période. Il s'agissait de l'IAP1 (Retrait des ARV dans les délais),l'IAP2 (Rétention sous traitement ARV «TARV¼ à 12 mois) et de l'IAP4 (pratiques de prescription des ARV).Au total, 27 sites ont été évalués. La médiane des patients qui ont retiré le TARV dans les délais était respectivement de 61% en 2015, 60% en 2016 et à 58% en 2017. Aucun site n ́a atteint le seuil d'au moins 95% dans les cohortes de 2014 et 2015. Les médianes de la rétention sous TARV à 12 mois pour les cohortes de 2014, 2015 et 2016 ont été de 70%, 69% et 65% respectivement. Le seuil de rétention dans le TARV à 12 mois d'au moins 85% n'a été atteint que dans deux sites. Même si la prescription des ARV est conforme aux directives nationales, la qualité des soins offerts aux PVVIH a régressé de 2014 à 2017 avec un risque élevé d'émergence de R-ARV. Pour minimiser ce risque, l'éducation thérapeutique des patients et le système de recherche des perdus de vue doivent être renforcés.

The widespread use of antiretrovirals (ARVs) to people living with HIV (PLHIV) is accompanied by the development of HIV resistance (R-ARV). We determined the performance of three early warning indicators (EWIs) associated with a high risk of R-ARV emergence in Burkina Faso through a repeated cross-sectional study between 2014 and 2017. We analyzed the evolution of the DPIs of R-ARV emergence over this period. These were DPI1 (Timely withdrawal of ARVs), DPI2 (Retention on ARV treatment "TARV" at 12 months) and DPI4 (ARV prescription practices). A total of 27 sites were evaluated. The median number of patients who withdrew ART on time changed from 61% in 2015, 60% in 2016 and 58% in 2017, respectively. No site reached the threshold of at least 95% in the 2014and 2015 cohorts. The medians of retention on ART at 12 months for the 2014, 2015 and 2016 cohorts were 70%, 69% and 65% respectively. The 12-month ART retention threshold of at least 85% was only reached at two sites. Although ARV prescribing is in line with national guidelines, the quality of care offered to PLHIV regressed from 2014 to 2017 with a high risk of R-ARV emergence. To minimize this risk, therapeutic patient education and the system for tracking lost patients need to be strengthened.

Aspects épidémiologiques et gestion de la covid-19 au district sanitaire de Tenkodogo (Burkina Faso) / NA

Le système sanitaire au Burkina Faso a été mis à rude épreuve avec la Covid-19. Nous analysons dans cette étude, les stratégies de santé publique adoptées par les formations sanitaires du District de Tenkodogo en réponse à cette épidémie. La méthodologie adoptée a consisté en une étude transversale descriptive mixte à visée analytique, menée entre juin et juillet 2021 auprès d'utilisateurs de services de santé choisis aléatoirement, d'agents de santé impliqués dans la gestion de la Covid-19 dans 11 formations sanitaires du district. Nous avons effectué une revue documentaire au sein de formations sanitaires et mené des interviews en face à face afin d'analyser les stratégies adoptées. De mars 2020 à juin 2021, 143 cas dont l'âge variait entre 1 et 77 ans ontété notifiés. Leur âge moyen était de 33,12 ans et 83,08% avaient moins de 45 ans. La Covid-19 a entraîné un risque psychologique et des répercussions sur les activités de routine.Les tests de diagnostic rapide étaient indisponibles dans certaines formations sanitaires et la limite de temps préconisée par les directives de soins a entraîné un effet inattendu dans l'exécution des protocoles de prise en charge des pathologies courantes.Le Burkina Faso devrait développer des stratégies durables et adaptéesà son contexte socio-culturel et économique, en veillant à une plus grande cohérence entre le système d'information communautaire et celui des formations sanitaires, pour être plus efficace et efficient

The health system in Burkina Faso has been put to the test with Covid-19. In this study, we analyze the public health strategies adopted by health facilities in the District of Tenkodogo in response to this epidemic. The methodology adopted consisted of a mixed descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical aim, conducted between June and July 2021 among randomly selected users of health services, health workers involved in the management of Covid-19 in 11 health facilities. of the district. We carried out a documentary review within health facilities and conducted face-to-face interviews in order to analyze the strategies adopted. From March 2020 to June 2021, 143 cases ranging in age from 1 to 77 years were reported. Their average age was 33.12 years old and 83.08% were under 45 years old. Covid-19 has led to psychological risk and repercussions on routine activities. Rapid diagnostic

Knowledge, practices and beliefs of students regarding health effects of shisha use in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: A cross­sectional study

Background.The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. Shisha use has recently been gaining increased popularity in many developed and developing countries.Objective. To determine the prevalence of shisha use among students in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, and associated knowledge, smoking practices and beliefs about health effects.Method. A total of 443 students were selected for this cross-sectional study, using a stratified sampling method. Data on shisha use, knowledge about shisha, shisha smoking practices, and factors associated with use of shisha were collected via a questionnaire. The association between the independent variables and shisha use was assessed using a χ2 test (p<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine variables that were independently associated with shisha smoking.Results.Of the 421 respondents, 162 (38.5%) indicated that they had smoked shisha; 14.0% were regular smokers. We found that 183 students (43.5%) had poor knowledge about the health effects of shisha. The main reasons for shisha smoking were being in the company of friends who were users (57.4%), the pleasant flavour and fragrance of shisha (25.9%), and fashion (22.2%). Ninety-nine shisha smokers (61.1%) also consumed alcohol. Factors associated with shisha smoking included age <20 years (p<0.001), gender (p=0.034), and educational level of the respondent's father (p=0.0001) and mother (p=0.0004).Conclusion. We found a relatively high prevalence of shisha smoking among the students, and that 43.5% of them had poor knowledge about its effects on health. Developing surveillance, intervention and regulatory/policy frameworks specific to shisha has become a public health priority.

The Prevalence of migraine and associated factors among medical students in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) / A prevalência da enxaqueca e fatores associados entre estudantes de medicina em Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

Objective: To determine the prevalence, clinical characteristics and impact of migraine among medical students in the city of Ouagadougou. Methods: This across-sectional study was carried out during a period of 6 months from August 2021 to January 2022. Participants were selected by stratified random sampling according to academic level. Hetero-administered questionnaire was administred to each student. Migraine was diagnosed according to the ICHD 3rd edition criteria and the MIDAS was used to assess the impact of migraine on students' quality of life. Results: Two hundred and twenty seven students were selected for this study. The prevalence of migraineurs was 31.8%. Their mean age was 22.20±2.67 years. There was female predominance among the migraineurs (73.9%). More than half of the migraineurs had a family history of headache disorders (53.6%). Migraine without aura was the most frequent subtype (59.4%). Visual aura was predominant (78.2%). Migraine was of moderate intensity in 60.8% of cases. Insomnia and/or lack of sleep was the most common trigger (73.7%) followed by stress and fatigue in 71% of cases. Migraine caused severe disability in 15.9% of migraineurs. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of migraine among medical students in Burkina Faso. Stress and irregular sleep were the most common triggers factors.

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência, características clínicas e impacto da enxaqueca entre estudantes de medicina na cidade de Ouagadougou. Métodos: Este estudo transversal foi realizado durante um período de 6 meses, de agosto de 2021 a janeiro de 2022. Os participantes foram selecionados por amostragem aleatória estratificada de acordo com o nível acadêmico. Questionário heteroadministrado foi aplicado a cada aluno. A enxaqueca foi diagnosticada de acordo com os critérios da 3ª edição da ICHD e o MIDAS foi utilizado para avaliar o impacto da enxaqueca na qualidade de vida dos estudantes. Resultados: Duzentos e vinte e sete alunos foram selecionados para este estudo. A prevalência de enxaquecas foi de 31,8%. A média de idade foi de 22,20±2,67 anos. Houve predomínio do sexo feminino entre os portadores de enxaqueca (73,9%). Mais da metade dos pacientes com enxaqueca tinha histórico familiar de cefaleia (53,6%). A enxaqueca sem aura foi o subtipo mais frequente (59,4%). A aura visual foi predominante (78,2%). A enxaqueca foi de intensidade moderada em 60,8% dos casos. A insônia e/ou falta de sono foi o gatilho mais comum (73,7%), seguida de estresse e fadiga em 71% dos casos. A enxaqueca causou incapacidade grave em 15,9% dos pacientes com enxaqueca. Conclusão: Houve uma alta prevalência de enxaqueca entre estudantes de medicina em Burkina Faso. Estresse e sono irregular foram os fatores desencadeantes mais comuns.

Prevalence of COVID-19 at the Wahgnion-Gold mining site in Burkina Faso and use of RT-PCR initial cycle threshold to monitor the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 load

Background: To control the spread of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is necessary to adequately identify and isolate infectious patients particularly at the work place. Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay is the recommended confirmatory method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of SARSCoV-2 infection in Burkina Faso and to use the initial cycle threshold (Ct) values of RT-PCR as a tool to monitor the dynamics of the viral load. Methodology: Between September 2021 and February 2022, oropharyngeal and/or nasopharyngeal swab samples of consecutively selected COVID-19 symptomatic and apparently healthy workers from the Wahgnion mining site in the South-western Burkina Faso who consented to the study were collected according to the two weeks shift program and tested for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR assay. Patients positive for the virus were followed-up weekly until tests were negative. Association of the initial RT-PCR Ct values with disease duration was assessed by adjusted linear regression approach. Two-sided p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 1506 (92.9% males) participants were recruited into the study, with mean age and age range of 37.18.7 and 18-68 years respectively. The overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 14.3% (216/1506). Of the 82 patients included in the follow-up study, the longest duration of positive RT-PCR test, from the first positive to the first of the two negative RT-PCR tests, was 33 days (mean 11.6 days, median 10 days, interquartile range 8- 14 days). The initial Ct values significantly correlated with the duration of RT-PCR positivity (with ß=-0.54, standard error=0.09 for N gene, and ß=-0.44, standard error=0.09 for ORF1ab gene, p<0.001). Participants with higher Ct values corresponding to lower viral loads had shorter viral clearance time than those of lower Ct values or higher viral loads. Conclusion: Approximately 1 out of 7 tested miners had SARS-CoV-2 infection and the duration of their RT-PCR tests positivity independently correlated with the initial viral load measured by initial Ct values. As participants with lower initial Ct values tended to have longer disease duration, initial RT-PCR Ct values could be used to guide COVID-19 patient quarantine duration particularly at the work place.

Contexte: Pour contrôler la propagation de la maladie à coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) causée par le syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère coronavirus-2 (SRAS-CoV-2), il est nécessaire d'identifier et d'isoler de manière adéquate les patients infectieux, en particulier sur le lieu de travail. Le test de réaction en chaîne par polymérase en temps réel (RT-PCR) est la méthode de confirmation recommandée pour le diagnostic de l'infection par le SRAS-CoV-2. Le but de cette étude était de déterminer la prévalence de l'infection par le SRAS-CoV-2 au Burkina Faso et d'utiliser les valeurs du seuil initial du cycle (Ct) de la RT-PCR comme outil de suivi de la dynamique de la charge virale. Méthodologie: Entre septembre 2021 et février 2022, des écouvillonnages oropharyngés et/ou nasopharyngés de travailleurs symptomatiques COVID-19 et apparemment en bonne santé sélectionnés consécutivement du site minier de Wahgnion dans le sud-ouest du Burkina Faso qui ont consenti à l'étude ont été prélevés selon les deux programme de quart de semaines et testé pour le SRAS-CoV-2 à l'aide d'un test RT-PCR. Les patients positifs pour le virus ont été suivis chaque semaine jusqu'à ce que les tests soient négatifs. L'association des valeurs Ct initiales de la RT-PCR avec la durée de la maladie a été évaluée par une approche de régression linéaire ajustée. Une valeur p bilatérale < 0,05 a été considérée comme statistiquement significative. Résultats: Un total de 1506 participants (92,9% d'hommes) ont été recrutés dans l'étude, avec un âge moyen et une tranche d'âge de 37,1 à 8,7 ans et de 18 à 68 ans, respectivement. La prévalence globale de l'infection par le SRAS-CoV-2 était de 14,3% (216/1506). Sur les 82 patients inclus dans l'étude de suivi, la plus longue durée de test RT-PCR positif, du premier test positif au premier des deux tests RT-PCR négatifs, était de 33 jours (moyenne 11,6 jours, médiane 10 jours, intervalle interquartile 8-14 jours). Les valeurs Ct initiales étaient significativement corrélées à la durée de positivité de la RT-PCR (avec ß=-0,54, erreur standard=0,09 pour le gène N et ß=-0,44, erreur standard=0,09 pour le gène ORF1ab, p<0,001). Les participants avec des valeurs de Ct plus élevées correspondant à des charges virales plus faibles avaient un temps de clairance virale plus court que ceux avec des valeurs de Ct plus basses ou des charges virales plus élevées. Conclusion: Environ 1 mineur testé sur 7 était infecté par le SRAS-CoV-2 et la durée de la positivité de ses tests RTPCR était indépendamment corrélée à la charge virale initiale mesurée par les valeurs Ct initiales. Comme les participants avec des valeurs Ct initiales inférieures avaient tendance à avoir une durée de maladie plus longue, les valeurs Ct initiales de la RT-PCR pourraient être utilisées pour guider la durée de la quarantaine des patients COVID19, en particulier sur le lieu de travail.

Phenological, Morphological and Agronomic Characterization of Bambara Groundnut Genotypes on Plinthite Soil in East-centre Area, Burkina Faso

Bambara groundnut has long been a neglected and understudied crop. Thanks to the new orientations for the d関eloppement of agriculture and achievement of food security in Burkina Faso, in recent years, studies on Bambara groundnut have experienced renewed interest. Despites nutritional, agronomic and socio-economic importance and some studies carried out on this crop. The diversity within Bambara groundnut cultivated remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to assess phenological morphological and agronomic characterization of 20 Bambara groundnut accessions from National Institute for the Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA) genebank. The experimental device used was a completely randomized Fisher blocks with four replications on the site of University Centre of Tenkodogo. These accessions were evaluated on 23 morphological characters including four qualitative characters and 19 quantitative characters. Qualitative traits showed high proportion of oval terminal leaflet shape (70%), cream coloured seeds (45%) and 80% presence of eyes of various shapes and colours. The analysis of quantitative characters showed all the characters are discriminating except the plant spread (PlS) at the 5% treshold with regard to morphological, physiological and agronomic traits and low coefficient of variation (CV) values for the different phenological characters, except for the number of days from sowing to 50% plantlet emergence (EMG50). Pearson correlation matrix indicated positive and negative correlation. Most of the negative correlation was observed between phenological and agronomic traits The dendrogram showed organization of the variability in three different groups on the basis of the physiological, phenological and agronomic traits. The variability expressed among INERA gene bank genotypes showed important variability, which can be exploited in Bambara groundnut breeding programs using the clustering and associations of characters.

Microbiological, Physicochemical and Sensory Characterization of Honey, a Natural Healthy Product in Burkina Faso

Honey is a natural product produced by bees from the nectar of flowers. It is a very healthy food whose multiple properties significantly improve health and prevent many diseases. However, some practices can affect its quality, hence the objective of the study was to assess the honey safety from 6 honey-producing regions in Burkina Faso. The physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics were determined using standard methods. The densities ranged from 1.39 to 1.44; the pH, 5.73 to 6.56; the total acidity, 13.00 to 83.00 meq/kg; the Brix degree ranged 86.00 to 88.50%; the moisture,11.86 to 18.83%, the electrical conductivity, 101.00 to 155.00 ?s/cm and the Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), from 14.67± 0.00 to 90.52±0.35. Microbiological analysis showed the total counts varied from 1.21.105±1.18.104 to 3.50.103±3.50.103 to 1.21.105 CFU/mL; yeast and mold rates were below 103 CFU/mL, spore contamination is also noted in some honey samples and was between 2.23×101±2.51 to 1.38×102 ±7.63CFU/mL), Salmonella, Shigella and coliform were not detected in the honey samples. Sensory analysis revealed that the organoleptic characteristics of honey varied from one region to another. All the honey was differently appreciated by the tasters.

Interêt du score d'Alvarado dans la prise en charge de l'appendicite aiguë au centre hospitalier universitaire Sourô Sanou de Bobo Dioulasso / interest of score d'Alvarado in the management of acute appendicitis at the Sourô Sanou university teaching hospital in Bobo Dioulasso

Le but de ce travail était d'appliquer le score d'Alvarado et d'évaluer son intérêt dans la prise en charge des patients suspects d'appendicite aigue. Patients et méthodes : Il s'est agi d'une étude transversale à visée descriptive allant du 1er janvier 2019 au 31 Mars 2021, incluant les patients admis pour suspicion d'appendicite aiguë. Résultats : Notre étude a porté sur 152 patients avec un sex-ratio de 1,7, une moyenne d'âge de 28,6 ans. Le score d'Alvarado était supérieur ou égal à 7 chez 65,8 % des patients, compris entre 4 et 7 chez 31 %, et inférieur à 4 chez 3,3 %. Pour un score compris entre 7 et 10, les données de performance du score sont de 71,5 %, 86,7 %, 98 %, 2 % et 5,1 pour la sensibilité, la spécificité, la valeur prédictive positive, la valeur prédictive négative, et le rapport de vraisemblance positif respectivement. Parmi les patients, 124 ont réalisé une échographie abdominale, 145 ont été opérés, 137 avaient un diagnostic final d'appendicite aigue. Quinze patients n'avaient pas une appendicite aigue et le taux d'appendicectomie sur appendicite sain était de 5,5%. Conclusion : le score d'Alvarado permet de réduire les hospitalisations, les examens d'imagerie et le délai de prise en charge dans les appendicites aiguës.

The aim of this work was to apply the Alvarado score and to evaluate its interest in the management of patients suspected of acute appendicitis. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study from January 1, 2019 to March 31, 2021, including patients admitted for suspected acute appendicitis. Results: Our study involved 152 patients with a sex ratio of 1.7, an average age of 28.6 years. The Alvarado score was greater than or equal to 7 in 65.8% of patients, between 4 and 7 in 31%, and less than 4 in 3.3%. For a score between 7 and 10, the score performance data are 71.5%, 86.7%, 98%, 2% and 5.1 for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and the positive likelihood ratio respectively. Among the patients, 124 performed an abdominal ultrasound, 145 were operated, 137 had a final diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Fifteen patients did not have acute appendicitis and the white laparotomy rate was 5.5%. Conclusion: the Alvarado score reduces hospitalizations, imaging examinations and the time to treatment in acute appendicitis.

Cervical cancer in the Hauts-Bassins region of Burkina Faso: Results of a screening campaign by visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA screening in Burkina Faso)

This study was conducted to describe the distribution of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix uteri, enumerated during a mass screening in Burkina Faso. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 577 women aged 18 to 60 years, carried out from November 23 to December 19, 2013, in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso and in the rural commune of Bama. Regarding the screening results, 89 participants (15.4%) were positive for pre-malignant cervical lesions. Chi-square testing and logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the likelihood of cervical pre-cancer lesion in the women. Participants less than 29 years old were approximately 3 times more likely to have cervical lesions than participants >39 years. Participants who were parous (1-3 deliveries) and multiparous (four or more deliveries) were approximately 4 times more likely to present with cervical lesions than nulliparous women. Access to screening services is low in the Bobo-Dioulasso region. Further research should be conducted to understand the incidence and distribution of cervical precancerous and cancerous lesions in Burkina Faso. (Afr J Reprod Health 2022; 26[6]:97-103).

Water quality and hygiene behavior in Burkina Faso: The impact of locally produced sodium hypochlorite solution in schools

Introduction.Sodium hypochlorite is a crucial element in the water treatment process. We aimed to verify if schools that lack adequate access to water and don't provide hygiene education courses would improve water quality after an intervention program. Methods.Twenty schools from the rural area of Burkina Faso were equipped with electro-chlorinator devices that produce sodium hypochlorite and received training to make water drinkable. Data related to behavioral change was collected. In addition, microbiological analysis of fecal coliforms, total coliforms, and fecal streptococci was performed in the drinking water from water stations or water storage containers. These indicators were measured before and two years after the program in six schools that participated, paired with three control schools from the same region. Results.Before the intervention, no schools practiced treating their water. After intervention, schools did it daily. WASH courses and water treatment training were also observed in intervention schools. Only the samples belonging to the control schools contained microorganisms in the drinking water after the intervention, particularly fecal coliforms and total coliforms. Fecal streptococci were not detected in any of the samples analyzed. Before the intervention, 50% of water samples from the intervention group and 66% from the control group were contaminated with fecal coliforms. Conclusion.Schools became independent of external disinfectant production after receiving electro-chlorinator devices and proper training to comply with WASH measures. Our findings might be useful to public health practitioners trying to implement sustainable programs.

Epidemiology of Dengue in patients with febrile syndrome at Saint Camille Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso from 2020 to 2

: Dengue is still a public health problem in tropical countries. This disease, which had almost disappeared in some areas of the world, has become re-emergent in certain parts of the world including Africa.The aim of this study is to determine the seroprevalence and evolution of Dengue virus (DENV) infection from 2020 to 2021 at the Hospital Saint Camille de Ouagadougou (HOSCO), Burkina Faso. Methodology: This was a descriptive analytical study of patients seen in general practice with febrile syndrome referred for serological diagnosis of Dengue at the HOSCO laboratory over a period of 2 years (January 1, 2020 ­ December 31, 2021). The "Dengue Duo (AgNS1/IgM/IgG)" kit from SD Bioline was used for the rapid diagnosis through the detection of NS1 antigen and IgM/IgG antibodies in plasma. Data were analysed with SPSS version 20.0 software. Association between demographic data and prevalence of DENV infection was determined by Chisquare test and odds ratio (with 95% confidence interval). P value less than 0.05 was considered statistical significance. Results: A total of 2957 patients aged 0-94 years were referred for serological diagnosis of DENV infection at the HOSCO laboratory over the period 2020-2021, comprising 56.3% females and 43.7% males. The overall prevalence of acute DENV infection (NS1Ag positive) was 5.4% (159/2957), with 2.4% (41/1700) in 2020 and 9.4% (118/1257) in 2021 (OR=4.192, 95% CI=2.915-6.028, p<0.0001). The prevalence of acute DENV infection of 7.0% (91/1292) in the males was significantly higher than 4.1% (68/1665) in the females (OR=1.779, 95% CI=1.288-2.458, p=0.0005), and also significantly higher in age groups 20-29 years (7.6%), 10-19 years (6.9%) and 40-49 years (5.8%) than other age groups (X 2=14.928, p=0.0107). The overall prevalence of DENV IgM and IgG antibodies was 3.2% and 37.3% respectively. The prevalence of DENV IgG antibodies was significantly higher in males (44.0%) than females (32.1%) (OR=1.667, 95%CI=1.434-1.938, p<0.0001) and in age groups 30-39 (43.4%), 40-49 (44.0%) and >50 years (49.3%) than other age groups (X2=121.0, p<0.0001), indicating that past exposure to DENV infection is higher among males and older age groups. The peak of DENV infection was between October and November with 84.3% (134/159) of NS1Ag positivity occurring during this period. Conclusion: The present study reports a high prevalence of acute Dengue virus infection in patients from October to November. To eradicate Dengue which has become a tropical silent epidemic, interventions such as vector control, availability of and accessibility to diagnostic tests, and good therapeutic management are of great importance

COVID-19: profil virologique et clinique des patients diagnostiqués dans deux laboratoires à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso / COVID-19: Virological and clinical profile of patients diagnosed in two laboratories in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Contexte/objectif : La maladie à coronavirus (COVID-19) est une maladie émergente, dont l'agentpathogène est le virus du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère dû au coronavirus 2 (SRAS-CoV-2). L'objectif de cette étudeétait de décrire le profil virologique et clinique des patients diagnostiqués dans deux laboratoires. Matériels et méthodes : Il s'est agi d'uneétude descriptive avec collecte rétrospective de données des patients atteints de COVID-19, qui a couvert la période du 04 avril au 31 décembre 2020. Le test de khi deux et le test exact de Fisher sont les tests statistiques utilisées. Résultats : Au total, 28 872 échantillons ont été testés dans les deux laboratoires. L'étude arévélé 1965 cas positifs soit 6, 80% (63 % hommes et 37,05 % femmes). La tranche d'âge de 20 à 50 ans représentait 68,68 %. La province de la capitale a enregistré autant le plus grand nombre d'échantillons (26277 soit91,00%) que le plus grand nombre des cas positifs (91,15%). Les manifestations cliniques étaient dominées par la toux 68,42%, la fatigue générale (43,86%), les céphalées (43,86%), l'écoulement nasal (40,93%), la fi èvre (39,18%). Les comorbidités les plus fréquentes étaient l'hypertension artérielle (HTA) et le diabète. Conclusion: Cette étude a montré unepopulation jeune testée. La capitale (Ouagadougou) a enregistré le plus grand nombre de demandeurs de tests et de cas positifs. La toux était la principale manifestation clinique. Les patients avec comorbidités dont l'HTA et le diabète ont été les plus nombreux a effectué le test

Background/Purpose. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an emerging disease, whose pathogen is the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus due to coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The objective of this study was to describe the virological and clinical profile of patients diagnosed in two laboratories. Methods. This was a descriptive study with retrospective data collection of patients with COVID-19, which covered the period from 04 April to 31 December 2020. Chisquare test and Fisher's exact test were used as statistical tests. Results. A total of 28,872 samples were tested in the two laboratories. The study revealed 1965 positive cases or 6, 80% (63% male and 37.05% female). The age group 20-50 years represented 68.68%. The capital province recorded both the largest number of samples (26277 or 91.00%) and the largest number of positive cases (91.15%). Clinical manifestations were dominated by cough 68.42%, general fatigue (43.86%), headache (43.86%), nasal discharge (40.93%), fever (39.18%). The most frequent comorbidities were arterial hypertension (AH) and diabetes. Conclusion. This study showed a young population tested. The capital (Ouagadougou) recorded the highest number of testers and positive cases. Cough was the main clinical manifestation. Patients with comorbidities including hypertension and diabetes were the most numerous to be tested

Anesthésie réanimation pour chirurgie à cœur ouvert au Burkina Faso: Bilan de la première année d'activité / Anesthesia And Intensive Care for Open Heart Surgery in Burkina Faso: Review of the fi rst Year of Activity

Contexte et objectif : La chirurgie cardiaque est née au XXème siècle. Actuellement elle se pratique à tous les âges, des nouveau-nés aux octogénaires avec la réalisation de milliers d'opérations dans le monde. Les premiers cas de chirurgie du cœur sous circulation extra corporelle (CEC) au Burkina ont eu lieu en 2021 au CHU de Tengandogo. L'objectif de ce travail était d'évaluer la prise en charge de ces patients dans le service d'anesthésie et de réanimation. Méthodes : Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective descriptive et analytique sur une année incluant tous les malades ayant bénéfi cié d'une chirurgie à cœur ouvert au CHU de Tengandogo en 2021. Résultats : Au cours de cette année, 22 malades ont pu bénéfi cier d'une chirurgie du cœur sous CEC. L'âge moyen des patients était de 15,8 ans +/- 7 ans avec des extrêmes de 5 et 30 ans.Les pathologies concernées étaient les cardiopathies congénitales dans 15 cas (68,2%) et les valvulopathies dans 7 cas (31,8%). La circulation extra corporelle a duré en moyenne 89,95 minutes +/- 28,73. Le clampage aortique a duré 55 minutes +/- 20. L'évolution a été favorable chez 21 patients (96,5%) mais défavorable chez un patient portant la mortalité à 4,5%. Conclusion : Les résultats obtenus au cours de cette première année sont encourageants et ouvrent une perspective de développement de cette activité chirurgicale dans notre pays.

Facteurs de risque et étiologies des AVC de l'adulte jeune au CHU de Bogodogo à Ouagadougou / Risk factors and etiologies of stroke in young adults in Bogodogo university hospital, Ouagadougou

Introduction: Les accidents vasculaires cérébraux (AVC) sont des pathologies graves survenant le plus souvent chez le sujet âgé. Le but de ce travail était d'étudier les facteurs de risque et les étiologies de l'AVC de l'adulte jeune. Patients et méthodes : Il s'est agi d'une étude transversale et rétrospective incluant tous les sujets d'âge compris entre 15 et 45 ans, hospitalisés pour AVC dans le service de neurologie du CHU de Bogodogo entre le 1er Avril 2017 et le 31 Mars 2019 et ayant un dossier complet. Résultats : Quarante-quatre cas d'AVC concernaient les sujets jeunes, soit 8,46% de l'ensemble des AVC. On notait 59,1% d'AVC ischémique et 40,9% d'AVC hémorragique. L'âge moyen était de37,45± 5,94 ans. Le sex-ratio était 2,14. La sédentarité (72,22%), l'HTA (59,09%) et le diabète (25%) étaient les principaux facteurs de risque. L'étiologie a été retrouvée chez 77,27% des patients. Il s'agissait principalement de l'athérosclérose et les cardiopathies emboligènes pour l'AVC ischémique et de l'HTA pour l'AVC hémorragique. Conclusion: Les AVC du sujet jeune sont relativement peu fréquents au CHU de Bogodogo. Une prévention des facteurs de risque vasculaire permettrait d'éviter une augmentation de leur fréquence

Introduction: Stroke is a common and serious disease occurring most often in the elderly. The aim if our study was to describe risk factors and causes of stroke in young adults. Patients and methods: This were a retrospective study including patients whose age was between 15 and 45 years, hospitalized in the neurology department of the Bogodogo University Hospital for stroke between April 1, 2017, and March 31, 2019. Results: Forty-four stroke cases involved young adults, it represented 8.46% of total stroke. Among those cases, 59,1% was ischemic stroke and 40,9% was hemorrhagic stroke. The Mean age was37,45± 5,94 years. The sex-ratio was 2,14. Physical inactivity (72,22%), high blood pressure (59,09%) and diabetes (25%) were the main risk factors. etiologies were found in 77,27% of cases. They were dominated by atherosclerosis and cardio embolism in ischemic stroke, and by high blood pressure in hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusion: Stroke in young adults at Bogodogo University Hospital is relatively infrequent. Prevention of risk factors would prevent an increase in its frequency