Formative evaluation of the implementation of eHealth in the Philippines: A qualitative study

@#<strong>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</strong><p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">The utilization of information and communications technology (ICT) to support health, known as eHealth, is a crucial enabler of universal healthcare. It is important to identify various aspects that could support or hinder eHealth, especially in limited-resource settings. This study determined the factors influencing the implementation of eHealth solutions in the Philippines, in consideration of the development process and initial outputs of the Philippine eHealth Strategic Framework and Plan 2014-2020.</p><strong>METHODS</strong><p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">The descriptive-qualitative study was conducted among 15 municipalities/cities in the Philippines, recognized as early adopters of eHealth programs. Records review of eHealth solutions and key informant interviews among stakeholders (i.e., physicians and nurses) per study site were facilitated to gather data. Using directed content analysis, contextual, process, and content factors influencing eHealth implementation in the country were synthesized.</p><strong>RESULTS</strong><p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">Results showed a range of eHealth solutions in the selected facilities, majority of which involved electronic medical records. Various contextual, process, and content-related factors could serve as facilitators or barriers to eHealth implementation in the country. Particularly, contextual factors include individual characteristics (ICT experience/training, organizational commitment, readiness for change), perceived need/urgency for eHealth (provisions, policies, regulatory issues), and third-party involvement for financial/technical support. Meanwhile, process-related factors involve implementation team practices, appropriate top-down and bottom-up approaches in leader/member engagement, and resource management (ICT equipment, stable internet connection, power supply). Content-specific factors mainly include the eHealth design (complexity, adaptability to local context and service demands, interoperability or the capacity to connect or exchange information with other platforms/systems). Notably, limitations across the three dimensions could make eHealth implementation more complicated, which could lead to poor time management and resource wastage.</p><strong>CONCLUSION</strong><p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">This study highlighted the importance of a multidimensional understanding of factors that influence the utility of eHealth in the health system. There is a need for leadership and governance, stakeholder engagement, resource and funding, implementation readiness, appropriate design of eHealth solutions, and proper training to ensure the successful implementation of eHealth in the country.</p>

O uso de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação em Saúde na Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil, de 2014 a 2018 / The use of Information and Communication Technologies in Primary Health Care in Brazil - the period of 2014 to 2018

Resumo As Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação em Saúde permitem o armazenamento e processamento de dados digitais, acesso a informações e comunicações à distância. O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever a utilização destas tecnologias para o apoio à prática clínica e educação permanente pelas equipes de saúde da atenção primária à saúde do Brasil no período de 2014 a 2018, no âmbito do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade na Atenção Básica, segundo características do contexto geopolítico. É um estudo transversal que analisou os dados coletados junto às equipes das Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Foi observada uma crescente utilização pelas equipes dos recursos da Telessaúde, Rede Universitária de Telemedicina e Universidade Aberta do Sistema Único de Saúde para auxílio à prática clínica e educação permanente em saúde. Nas regiões Norte e Nordeste o uso destas tecnologias dobrou, do ciclo II ao ciclo III. A necessidade de investimentos em infraestrutura, recursos humanos na Atenção Primária à Saúde, qualificação e formação profissional é um caminho para o fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde e sua Rede de Atenção em Saúde, contribuindo para um fluxo de atendimento contínuo, com qualidade e acesso universal.

Abstract Information and Communication Technologies in Health allow the storage and processing of digital data, access to information and remote communications. The objective of this article was to describe the use of these Technologies to support clinical practice and continuing education by primary health care teams in Brazil the period of 2014 to 2018, within the scope of the Access and Quality Improvement Program Basic, according to characteristics of the geopolitical context. It's a cross-sectional study that analyzed the data collected from the teams of the Basic Health Units. A growing use by the teams of Telehealth resources, the Telemedicine University Network and the Open University of the Unified Health System was observed to aid clinical practice and permanent health education. In the North and Northeast regions, the use of these Technologies doubled, from cycle II to cycle III. The need for investments in infrastructure, human resources in Primary Health Care, qualification and professional training is a way to strengthen the Unified Health System and its Health Care Network, contributing to a continuous flow of care, with quality and access universal.

Desenvolvimento de infográfico animado sobre intervenções obstétricas durante o trabalho de parto / Development of an animated infographic on obstetric interventions during labor

As intervenções obstétricas se referem ao uso de tecnologias, medicamentos e procedimentos realizados no momento do trabalho de parto e parto. Embora a OMS e o MS preconizem que as intervenções sejam realizadas somente em determinadas situações, nos últimos anos houve um aumento significativo da realização dessas intervenções mesmo em situações que não se fazem necessárias, elevando os casos de complicações na saúde da mãe e do bebê. Diante disso, em 2018 a OMS divulgou diretrizes com recomendações baseadas em evidências para orientar os serviços de saúde de todo o mundo sobre todos os cuidados que devem ser realizados durante o trabalho de parto e parto, afim de contribuir na educação dos profissionais de saúde para aumentar os índices das boas práticas ao binômio mãe/bebê. A presente pesquisa desenvolveu um infográfico animado sobre as intervenções obstétricas realizadas durante o trabalho de parto e parto de acordo com as recomendações da OMS. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico, que seguiu as 10 etapas Carvalho e Aragão para a construção de um recurso tecnológico. Após concluído, o infográfico foi traduzido para o idioma e espanhol afim de que a tecnologia também possa ser divulgada a nível internacional principalmente na América Latina. Ele foi avaliado e validado por especialistas brasileiros e espanhóis, por meio de um instrumento de validação de tecnologias educacionais, no qual foi conferido validade e qualidade no conteúdo. Considerado relevante pelos juízes, a tecnologia possui estratégias eficientes para atingir os objetivos educacionais com o público alvo. Espera-se que infográfico animado seja amplamente difundido e consiga expressar/traduzir em imagens e animações as recomendações da OMS e tornar mais fácil o entendimento dos profissionais que atuam na área, sobre as diretrizes propostas.

Obstetric interventions refer to the use of technologies, medications and procedures performed at the time of birth. Although the WHO and the Ministry of Health recommend that interventions be carried out only in certain situations, in recent years there has been a significant increase in the use of these interventions even in situations that are not necessary, increasing the number of complications in the health of the mother and baby. In view of this, in 2018, the WHO published guidelines with evidence-based recommendations to guide health services around the world on all the care that must be carried out during childbirth, in order to contribute to the education of health professionals to increase the rates of good practices for the mother/baby binomial. This research developed an animated infographic about obstetric interventions carried out during labor in accordance with WHO recommendations. This is a methodological study, which followed the 10 Carvalho and Aragão stages for the construction of a technological resource. Once completed, the infographic was translated into Spanish so that the technology can also be disseminated internationally, mainly in Latin America. It was evaluated and validated by Brazilian and Spanish experts, using an educational technology validation instrument, in which content validity and quality were checked. Considered relevant by the judges, technology has efficient strategies to achieve educational objectives with the target audience. It is expected that the animated infographic will be widely disseminated and will be able to express/translate the WHO recommendations into images and animations and make it easier for professionals working in the field to understand the proposed guidelines.

Práticas educacionais colaborativas em saúde mediadas pelas tecnologias da informação e comunicação: uma revisão de literatura / Collaborative educational practices in health mediated by information and communication technologies: a literature review / Prácticas educativas colaborativas en salud mediadas por las tecnologías de la información y comunicación: una revisión de literatura

O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar elementos estruturantes do processo de trabalho das redes educacionais colaborativas em saúde mediadas por tecnologias de informação e comunicação, assinalando suas características-chave e sua dinâmica de funcionamento. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, realiza-da nas bases de dados: Medline, Lilacs e no portal Oasisbr. Foram encontrados 1.499 estudos, dos quais, oito atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Os resultados da investigação apontam as práticas educacionais colaborativas em saúde mediados por essas tecnologias como processos amplos e complexos, envolvendo a associação de diversos fatores. Destacam-se a dimensão técnico-pedagógica, a gestão estratégica, o gerenciamento do fluxo de informações, os aspectos relacionais, as competências de cada membro e a mediação do processo colaborativo. A integração dos diferentes aspectos da rede traduz um conjunto de desafios para a estruturação dos processos colaborativos que não se limita à pura acumulação cognitiva, mas vincula-se a processos de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento dos sujeitos

The aim of the present study was to identify structural elements of the work process of collaborative educational networks in health, mediated by information and communication technologies, by pointing out its key characteristics and its operating dynamics. This is a scope review, accomplished in the following databases Medline and Lilacs and in the Oasisbr portal. A total of 1.499 studies were found, and eight of them met the inclusion criteria. The search results indicate the collaborative educational practices in health mediated by these technologies as broad and complex processes, involving the association of several factors. The technical-pedagogical dimension, the strategic management, the management of the information flow, the relational aspects, the competencies of each member, and the mediation of the collaborative process are highlighted. The integration of the different aspects of the network translates a set of challenges for the structuring of collaborative processes, which is not limited to pure cognitive accumulation, but is bound to learning processes and to the subjects' development.

El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar elementos estructurantes del proceso de trabajo de las redes educativas colaborativas en salud mediadas por tecnologías de la información y comunicación, señalando sus características claves y su dinámica de funcionamiento. El trabajo presenta una revisión de escopo, realizada en las bases de datos: Medline, Lilacs y en el portal Oasisbr. Fueron encontrados 1.499 estudios, de los cuales ocho cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados de la investigación apuntan a las prácticas educativas colaborativas en salud mediadas por estas tecnologías como procesos amplios y com-plejos, que abarcan la asociación de diversos factores. Se destacan la dimensión técnico-pedagógica, la gestión estratégica, el gerenciamiento del flujo de información, los aspectos relacionales, las competencias de cada miembro y la mediación del proceso colaborativo. La integración de los diferentes aspectos de la red traduce un conjunto de desafíos para la estructuración de los procesos colaborativos, que no se limitan a la acumulación cognitiva, sino que se vinculan a los procesos de aprendizaje y desarrollo de los sujetos

Saúde digital à brasileira e a prática clínica em enfermagem: do que estamos falando? / Brazilian digital health and nursing clinical practice: what are we talking about? / Salud digital al estilo brasileño y práctica clínica en enfermería: ¿de qué estamos hablando?

Objetivo: Descrever sobre a saúde digital e a prática clínica em enfermagem no contexto brasileiro. Métodos: Estudo teórico sobre o desenvolvimento operacional da Saúde Digital na prática clínica em enfermagem. Resultados: A Saúde Digital no Brasil compreende um aporte conceitual em amadurecimento, que inclui diversificadas tecnologias em saúde. Há iniciativas federativas que instituem a Saúde Digital em suas modalidades na esfera pública e privada no setor saúde, em interface com o setor de ciência, tecnologia, inovação e de telecomunicações. No âmbito da prática clínica em enfermagem, mostra-se em processo recente e discreto de operacionalização no cotidiano dos serviços, porém, já possuem iniciativas de regulamentação da modalidade em contexto ampliado para além do contexto pandêmico e em diversas especialidades, com consulta pública de resoluções específicas já publicadas para o campo da enfermagem. Considerações Finais: A Saúde Digital já tem sido amplamente difundida no contexto da saúde, com implicações relevantes para a categoria trabalhadora do campo da Enfermagem brasileira, no contexto da prática clínica, sendo merecedora de atenção. (AU)

Objective: To describe digital health and the clinical practice in nursing in the Brazilian context. Methods: Theoretical study about the operational development of digital health in nursing clinical practice. Results: Digital health in Brazil involves a still maturing set of concepts, including several different nursing technologies. There are federal initiatives to institute digital health modalities in public and private health sectors, associated with the science, technology, innovation, and telecommunication sectors. In the scope of nursing clinical practice, this is an incipient operationalization process when it comes to daily work. Nonetheless, resolutions have been published to regulate this modality in nursing in a broader context, that is, beyond that of the pandemic, for several specialties, with public consultations to deal with specific issues. Final Considerations: Digital health has been widely disseminated in health services, with relevant implications to the working category of Brazilian nursing field, on the clinic practice context, being attention deserved. (AU)

Objectivo: Describir salud digital y la práctica clínica de enfermería en el contexto de Brasil. Métodos: Investigación teorética sobre el desarrollo operacional de salud digital en la práctica clínica en enfermería. Resultados: La salud digital en Brasil es asociada a una serie de conceptos aún en desarrollo, incluyendo diversas tecnologías en salud. La federación creó iniciativas que instituyen las modalidades de salud digital en los sectores público y privado de la salud, asociado a los sectores de la ciencia, tecnología, innovación y telecomunicaciones. Con respecto a la práctica clínica en enfermería, se puede percibir un proceso reciente y discreto de operacionalización en el cotidiano de los servicios; con todo, ya existen iniciativas para reglamentar el uso de la salud digital en un contexto ampliado para mas allá de la pandemia en muchas especialidades, incluyendo consultas públicas para resoluciones específicas ya publicadas en el campo de enfermería. Consideraciones Finales: La salud digital ha sido largamente difundida en los servicios de salud, con implicaciones relevantes para la categoría de trabajo del campo de enfermería brasileño, en el contexto de la práctica clínica, siendo merecido atención. (AU)

Design and construction of a large 5G mobile emergency resuscitation unit / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To design a large-scale mobile emergency resuscitation unit based on 5G communication technology to improve the efficiency of prehospital transportation and treatment.Methods:The study was conducted in Hangzhou from November 2022 to September 2023. It's sorted out the application scenario requirements for prehospital first aid, transfer, and prehospital-intrahospital emergency linkage in carrying out the program design, single technology testing, onboard debugging, and integration debugging phases sequentially.Results:In September 2023, a large-scale 5G mobile emergency resuscitation unit was completed and delivered. The unit was converted from an electric bus and consists of five parts: (1) Vehicle appearance: the vehicle is 12.9 meters long, 2.3 meters wide and 2.6 meters high, with a single mileage of 200 kilometers; (2) The overall internal structure: the vehicle has one resuscitation bed and two stretcher positions. Additionally, there is a comprehensive operating table located at the front of the vehicle. The middle of the vehicle is equipped with a central digital control screen. (3) First aid materials and instruments: the vehicle's materials are modularly configured in accordance with the resuscitation, guardianship, surgery, inspection and testing, Communication modular configuration, equipped with a defibrillation monitor, transfer ventilator, extracorporeal membrane lung oxygenation and other critical care first aid and electrocardiogram, digital radiography, blood gas analyzer, chest pain 5 monitors and other inspection and testing equipment; (4) Vehicle communication and information systems: equipped with high-definition remote video interactive system, telemedicine terminal DP300 integrated system, a real-time panoramic experience system and centralized guardianship system; (5) Vehicle disinfection: a plasma disinfector installed on the top of the car can meet the hospital disinfection hygiene standardsⅡ class environmental management requirements.Conclusions:Incorporating 5G communication technology, the large-scale mobile emergency resuscitation unit is equipped with various advanced treatment equipment and remote consultation systems. It can accommodate the resuscitation needs of the most critically ill patients, offering substantial support for public emergency rescues. Further exploration of its potential is merited.

Usefulness of Early-phase Online Home Visits for Improving Therapy for Inpatients in a Convalescent Rehabilitation Ward / The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Objective：Home visits conducted in the early rehabilitation phase through an online connection between the patient's home and the hospital are termed online home visits. They enable real-time sharing of home information and patient and family wishes between the family and the therapists participating from home with healthcare professionals at the hospital. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of online home visits.Methods：We enrolled 75 patients with musculoskeletal or cerebrovascular disease discharged from a convalescent rehabilitation ward and classified them as those who received online home visits (online group, n＝25) and in-person home visits (non-online group, n＝50) within 7 days of hospitalization. Functional independence measure (FIM) efficiency was compared between the groups. Rehabilitation treatment changes made by therapists after virtual home visits were surveyed.Results：In patients with musculoskeletal diseases, FIM efficiency was significantly higher, and the length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the online group (n＝14, 1.0 ± 0.5 points/day) than in the non-online group (n＝26, 0.7 ± 0.5 points/day) (p＜0.05). Many therapists who participated in virtual home visits modified their rehabilitation therapy afterwards by recreating the home environment in the rehabilitation room and implementing rehabilitation therapy for home activities.Conclusion：Virtual home visits can facilitate rehabilitation therapy more appropriate to the home environment because they provide visual information about the home. The present findings indicate the contribution of online home visits to FIM efficiency improvement and home discharge preparation.

Utilization of and barriers to a telemedicine system at a rural general hospital in Japan: a mixed methods study / Journal of Rural Medicine

Objective: The initial and operational costs of telemedicine are major barriers to its adoption. We aimed to investigate and identify the barriers to adopting a telemedicine system in a Japanese rural general hospital without incurring setup and operational costs.Materials and Methods: Our study was conducted between May and August 2018, and included six general practitioners working at a rural general hospital. We extracted data collected from messages (date and time, sender and recipient, and counts and contents of messages) and conducted semi-structured interviews, which were then analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods.Results: We quantitatively analyzed the total counted of the 179 messages. The total counts recorded for each physician were 56 (A), 20 (B), 3 (C), 74 (D), 5 (E), and 21 (F). The mean monthly counts were 2.17 (May), 8.50 (June), 11.50 (July), and 7.67 (August). Interview data from the six physicians yielded 13 codes that included various points of dissatisfaction acting as barriers to using our system, which we grouped into mental and physical barriers. Mental barriers included suspicion of carrying, feelings of isolation, and loss, whereas physical barriers included portability, user authentication, internet speed, group chat system, notice, search image, typing, chat system, print facility, and limited function.Conclusion: The representative barriers to introducing a telemedicine system at a rural general hospital in Japan without initial and running costs could be classified as feelings of isolation and suspicion of carrying (mental barriers); and notice, portability, and user authentication (physical barriers). Continued investigation in this area is warranted, and solutions to these barriers could improve the shortage of medical staff in the context of declining birth rates and aging populations in Japan.

The health systems of the Kingdom of Bhutan and the development of a nationwide distance in-service training system for health human resources using ICT / 国際保健医療

Introduction  In-service training is an incentive to work and improve the quality of services of health human resources. In-service training for health human resources requires multi-sectoral efforts across relevant institutions, including the Ministry of Health (MOH), which is responsible for policy, and higher education institutions, teaching hospitals, etc.  The only national medical university of Bhutan, KGUMSB has developed a nationwide distance in-service training system using ICT, which had been prepared during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior studies have reported that there are benefits to the use of ICT for in-service training in low- and middle-income countries to compensate for resource shortages.  In January 2023, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed between the MOH and KGUMSB, etc. to cooperate and collaborate in the in-service training of health human resources across Bhutan.  This paper provides an overview of Bhutanese health systems and introduces how to establish a nationwide in-service training system by connecting central and regional health institutions through distance education using ICT, in the case of Bhutan.Methods  Participant observation, online interviews with stakeholders from KGUMSB, MOH, JICA, and documentary researches were conducted till July 2023.Results  ICT environment and simulation training center at KGUMSB and two regional referral hospitals (teaching hospitals) developed. KGUMSB developed facilities and systems for distance education (digital education equipment, learning management system, etc.), training of trainers, and distance education content. In addition, the MOU for in-service training was signed between the MOH, KGUMSB, etc.Conclusion  Through the efforts of KGUMSB, a specialized institution for health human resource development in Bhutan, to develop a distance education system, the MOU was concluded with MOH, and a nationwide in-service training system for health human resources was formed. For this system to work, in low- and middle-income countries with limited resources, a collaboration between the MOH, medical university, and teaching hospitals is essential.

Usefulness of Early-phase Online Home Visits for Improving Therapy for Inpatients in a Convalescent Rehabilitation Ward / The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Objective：Home visits conducted in the early rehabilitation phase through an online connection between the patient's home and the hospital are termed online home visits. They enable real-time sharing of home information and patient and family wishes between the family and the therapists participating from home with healthcare professionals at the hospital. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of online home visits.Methods：We enrolled 75 patients with musculoskeletal or cerebrovascular disease discharged from a convalescent rehabilitation ward and classified them as those who received online home visits (online group, n＝25) and in-person home visits (non-online group, n＝50) within 7 days of hospitalization. Functional independence measure (FIM) efficiency was compared between the groups. Rehabilitation treatment changes made by therapists after virtual home visits were surveyed.Results：In patients with musculoskeletal diseases, FIM efficiency was significantly higher, and the length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the online group (n＝14, 1.0 ± 0.5 points/day) than in the non-online group (n＝26, 0.7 ± 0.5 points/day) (p＜0.05). Many therapists who participated in virtual home visits modified their rehabilitation therapy afterwards by recreating the home environment in the rehabilitation room and implementing rehabilitation therapy for home activities.Conclusion：Virtual home visits can facilitate rehabilitation therapy more appropriate to the home environment because they provide visual information about the home. The present findings indicate the contribution of online home visits to FIM efficiency improvement and home discharge preparation.

Herramientas digitales en el proceso de aprendizaje semipresencial en la Educación Dental Peruana durante la Pandemia COVID-19 / Digital tools in the blended learning process in Peruvian Dental Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic

RESUMEN La pandemia del COVID-19 ha generado un vacío pedagógico en la educación dental, que por la naturaleza clínica, práctica y laboratorial de las asignaturas obligó a los docentes a incorporar recursos didácticos digitales novedosos en los que se simulan entornos de aprendizaje que ayudan a fomentar el desarrollo de habilidades y conocimientos en busca de la mejora continua. No obstante, los estudiantes se han visto también en la necesidad de recurrir a plataformas virtuales que le permitan una mayor adaptación a este complejo sistema híbrido de aprendizaje semipresencial. Los hallazgos de la presente revisión, es producto de un estudio exploratorio que tuvo como propósito identificar las principales Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación y organizarlas según herramientas de interpretación, modelado dinámico, comunicación, colaboración y organización. De esta manera proporcionamos a la comunidad académica una visión del impacto de ellas sobre el proceso de aprendizaje y autoaprendizaje, sus experiencias de uso y la percepción de los beneficios y limitaciones de estas nuevas tecnologías en un contexto actual en estudiantes de Odontología. En la primera parte abordamos el estado de arte sobre los componentes pedagógicos de las TIC, el papel que desempeñan en la educación superior, las características y los estándares que deben cumplir para que se constituyan en herramientas cognitivas aliadas de la educación formal, de manera que permitan la interacción y la gestión del conocimiento de los estudiantes. Seguidamente compartimos los resultados de una encuesta abierta de los estudiantes de pregrado de una Facultad de Odontología Peruana que se realizó como una fase preliminar diagnóstica que se constituyó el punto de partida para la validación de instrumentos de un trabajo de investigación sobre experiencias del uso de las TIC como herramientas digitales y cognitivas de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la educación dental en línea que cuenta con la autorización del Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos N° 0209; Las respuestas obtenidas muestran los recursos al servicio de su educación formal y científica relacionadas con habilidades propias de usuarios denominados "nativos digitales" motivándolos a ser los protagonistas de su aprendizaje y desarrollo de competencias para un adecuado desempeño profesional.

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a pedagogical vacuum in dental education, which, due to the clinical, practical and laboratory nature of the subjects, forced teachers to incorporate innovative digital teaching resources in which learning environments are simulated that help promote the development of skills and knowledge in search of continuous improvement. However, students have also seen the need to resort to virtual platforms that allow them to better adapt to this complex hybrid blended learning system. The findings of this review are the product of an exploratory study whose purpose was to identify the main Information and Communication Technologies and organize them according to interpretation tools, dynamic modeling; communication, collaboration and organization. In this way, we provide the academic community with a vision of their impact on the learning and self-learning process, their experiences of use and the perception of the benefits and limitations of these new technologies in a current context in Dentistry students. In the first part we address the state of the art on the pedagogical components of ICT, the role they play in higher education, the characteristics and standards they must meet to become cognitive tools allied to formal education, so that Allow the interaction and knowledge management of the students. Next, we share the results of an open survey of undergraduate students of a Peruvian School of Dentistry that was carried out as a preliminary diagnostic phase that became the starting point for the validation of instruments of a research work on experiences of the use of the ICT as digital and cognitive tools for teaching and learning in online dental education that has study code No. 0209 of the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; The responses obtained show the resources at the service of their formal and scientific skills related to users' own skills called "digital natives" motivating them to be the protagonists of their learning and development of skills for adequate professional performance.

Uso da tecnologia no ensino em saúde ­ perspectivas e aplicabilidades / Use of technology in health education ­ perspectives and applicability / Uso de la tecnología en la educación en salud ­ perspectivas y aplicabilidad

As Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC), inseridas também na saúde, podem promover ganho substancial ao ensino da área, fornecendo recursos didáticos adicionais, relevantes aos docentes, principalmente em períodos de pandemia, quando várias instituições necessitarão desenvolver meios tecnológicos emergenciais para a aprendizagem (Emergency Remote Teaching ­ ERT). O artigo, através de revisão narrativa, objetiva rever o uso das tecnologias na saúde e no ensino médico, bem como discutir sobre as perspectivas existentes no mundo pós-pandemia. Nesse conceito, o ensino on-line assume importância estratégica, permitindo uma modalidade educacional flexível, aberta e interativa, favorecendo o ensino colaborativo, não esquecendo alguns contrapontos, tais como a disponibilidade do acesso e a sobrecarga cognitiva ("fadiga zoom"). A crise pandêmica atual trouxe, além da adoção de tecnologias, a possibilidade de modernizar o ensino como um todo, melhorando a eficiência e tornando a experiência acadêmica mais reflexiva, através de um ensino híbrido, presencial e virtual.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), that are also inserted in health, can promote substantial gains to the teaching in this area, providing additional didactic resources, relevant to teachers, especially in pandemic periods, when institutions will need to develop Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT). The article is a narrative review that aims to review the use of technologies in health and medical education and to discuss the existing perspectives in the post-pandemic world. In this concept online learning assumes strategic importance, allowing a flexible, open and interactive educational modality, favoring collaborative teaching, not forgetting some counterpoints, such as the availability of access and cognitive overload ("zoom fatigue"). The current pandemic crisis has brought, in addition to the adoption of technologies, the possibility of modernizing education as a whole, improving efficiency and making the academic experience more reflective, through hybrid, face-to-face and virtual teaching.

Las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), también insertadas en la salud, pueden promover avances sustanciales en la educación del área, proporcionando recursos didácticos adicionales, relevantes para los docentes, especialmente en períodos de pandemia, cuando diversas instituciones necesitarán desarrollar medios tecnológicos de emergencia para aprendizaje (Emergency Remote Teaching ­ ERT). El artículo, a través de una revisión narrativa, tiene como objetivo revisar el uso de tecnologías en la salud y la educación médica, así como discutir las perspectivas existentes en el mundo pospandémico. En este concepto, la educación on-line asume una importancia estratégica, permitiendo una modalidad educativa flexible, abierta e interactiva, favoreciendo la enseñanza colaborativa, sin olvidar algunos contrapuntos, como la disponibilidad de acceso y la sobrecarga cognitiva ("zoom fatiga"). La actual crisis pandémica ha traído, además de la adopción de tecnologías, la posibilidad de modernizar la educación en su conjunto, mejorar la eficiencia y hacer más reflexiva la experiencia académica, a través de la enseñanza híbrida, presencial y virtual.

Software educativo para la asignatura estadística general, nivel técnico medio / Educational software for the subject general statistics, medium technical level / Software educacional para a disciplina estatística geral, nível técnico médio

RESUMEN Introducción: el desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones desempeñan un papel fundamental en el progreso de nuevos sistemas de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Objetivo: diseñar un entorno virtual como herramienta didáctica para fortalecer el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de la estadística general en los estudiantes de la carrera de estadística de salud nivel técnico medio utilizando la plataforma Moodle. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Bayamo en el curso 2019-2020. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos para la interpretación y procesamiento de la información y los referentes teóricos del tema; empíricos: análisis documental de los programas y orientaciones metodológicas, y para la valoración del producto por especialistas y usuarios, la encuesta en su modalidad de cuestionario. La metodología utilizada para el desarrollo del software fue Rational Unified Process. Resultados: se implementó una herramienta que permite a los profesores la gestión de cursos virtuales como un espacio en línea de apoyo a la enseñanza presencial. Su diseño proporciona facilidad de uso y de gestión, permite la administración de perfiles de usuario, la gestión de actividades y recursos de los cursos creados, y la administración del sitio. Conclusiones: el entorno virtual de aprendizaje responde a las necesidades del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de la entidad. Sus funciones se corresponden con el modelo de diseño y los requisitos funcionales tienen una apropiada implementación.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the development of information and communication technologies plays a fundamental role in the progress of new teaching-learning systems. Objective: to design a virtual environment as a didactic tool to strengthen the teaching-learning process of general statistics in students of the health statistics career at the intermediate technical level using the Moodle platform. Methods: a development research was carried out at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Bayamo in the 2019-2020 academic year. Theoretical methods were used for the interpretation and processing of the information and the theoretical references of the subject; empirical: documentary analysis of the programs and methodological orientations, and for the assessment of the product by specialists and users, the survey in its form of questionnaire. The methodology used for software development was Rational Unified Process. Results: a tool was implemented that allows teachers to manage virtual courses as an online space to support face-to-face teaching. Its design provides ease of use and management, allows the administration of user profiles, the management of activities and resources of the created courses, and the administration of the site. Conclusions: the virtual learning environment responds to the needs of the teaching-learning process of the entity. Its functions correspond to the design model and the functional requirements have an appropriate implementation.

RESUMO Introdução: o desenvolvimento das tecnologias de informação e comunicação desempenha um papel fundamental no avanço dos novos sistemas de ensino-aprendizagem. Objetivo: projetar um ambiente virtual como ferramenta didática para fortalecer o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de estatística geral em alunos da carreira de estatística da saúde no nível técnico intermediário utilizando a plataforma Moodle. Métodos: foi realizada uma pesquisa de desenvolvimento na Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Bayamo no ano letivo 2019-2020. Foram utilizados métodos teóricos para interpretação e tratamento das informações e referenciais teóricos da disciplina; empírico: análise documental dos programas e orientações metodológicas, e para a avaliação do produto por especialistas e usuários, a pesquisa na forma de questionário. A metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento de software foi o Rational Unified Process. Resultados: foi implementada uma ferramenta que permite aos professores gerenciar cursos virtuais como um espaço online de apoio ao ensino presencial. Seu design proporciona facilidade de uso e gerenciamento, permite a administração de perfis de usuários, o gerenciamento de atividades e recursos dos cursos criados e a administração do site. Conclusões: o ambiente virtual de aprendizagem responde às necessidades do processo de ensino-aprendizagem da entidade. As suas funções correspondem ao modelo de design e os requisitos funcionais têm uma implementação adequada.

Las TIC en la pandemia como fenómeno social complejo para el psicólogo educativo / The information and communication technologies (ICT) in the pandemic as a complex social phenomenon for the educational psychologist

El presente texto busca resaltar la relevancia que tiene para el psicólogo educativo los problemas y trastornos sociales, psicopedagógicos y de salud ocasionados por el uso de las TIC, y la manera cómo pueden ser detectados e intervenidos para evitar el desarrollo de adicciones y demás trastornos físicos, psicológicos y emocionales que pueden derivarse de los mismos. Al tener mayor claridad sobre los trastornos sociales genera-dos por las TIC, entenderemos mejor todos los fenómenos sociales y psicólogos educativos, comprendiendo que el concepto de trastorno se refiere a una entidad clínica, médica o psicosocial establecida por las ciencias de la salud y psicopatología. Nuestro papel es encontrar un punto medio entre la necesidad de mantenernos conectados e informados en estos tiempos de aislamiento social y el abuso desmedido que genera una adicción con todas sus consecuencias para la salud física, mental y emocional

This text seeks to highlight the relevance that social, psychopedagogical and health problems and disorders caused using ICT have for the educational psychologist, and the way in which they can be detected and intervened to avoid the development of addictions and other physical disorders, psychological and emotional that can be derived from them. By having greater clarity of the social disorders generated by ICT, we will better comprehend all social phenomena as educational psychologists, understanding very well the concept of disorder that refers to a clinical, medical, or psychosocial entity established by the health sciences and psychopathology. Our role is to find a middle ground between the need to stay connected and informed in these times of social isolation and the excessive abuse that an addiction generates with all its consequences for physical, mental, and emotional health

Uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação como estratégia educativa sobre aleitamento materno: relato de experiência / Use of information and communication technologies as an educationalstrategy on breastfeeding: experience report / Uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación como estrategia educativasobre lalactancia materna: informe de experiencia

Introdução:O aleitamento maternoé uma prática recomendada de forma exclusiva até os 6 meses de idade e complementado por 2 anos ou mais, diante dos vários benefícios cientificamente comprovados tanto para a mãe quanto para o bebê. O leite materno protege a criança contra infecções, previne contra asma, diabetes e obesidade e está associado ao melhor crescimento e desenvolvimento.Objetivo:Relatar a experiência da produção de materiais educativos sobre benefícios e manejo da amamentação por meio de tecnologias de informação e comunicação, utilizados em um curso de educação à distância para profissionais, promovido por um Hospital Universitário do Rio Grande do Norte.Metodologia:Trata-se de um relato de experiência de uma ação educativa e de promoção à saúde. Estes materiais foram incluídos como parte do conteúdo do curso de manejo clínico em aleitamento maternopara 2020, no formato de ensino à distância em virtude da pandemia provocada pelo Covid-19.Foram realizadas duas produções de áudio em formato de Podcastse um deles integrado a uma produção em vídeoaula para continuação do tema educativo abordado. Resultados:Elencadoos principais benefícios do aleitamento materno exclusivode forma lúdica. O primeiro podcastretrata uma situação fictícia onde um recém-nascido é amamentado exclusivamente e evolui com baixo ganho de peso. Uma videoaula foi elaborada para explicar de forma dinâmica a condução do caso fictício no podcast. O segundo podcasttratou sobre os benefícios do aleitamento materno a longo prazo, pela simulação de uma entrevista de rádio entre locutor e nutricionista. Conclusões:Os materiais produzidos, por meio de ferramentas tecnológicas acessíveis, tornam o processo de aprendizado à distância mais ativo e dinâmico dentro de um contexto de afastamento social (AU).

Introduction:Breastfeeding is a recommended practice exclusively until 6 months of age and complemented by 2 years or more, given the various scientifically proven benefits for both mother and baby. Breast milk protects children against infections, prevents asthma, diabetes and obesity and is associated with better growth and development. Objective:The aim was to report the experience of producing educational materials on the benefits and management of breastfeeding through information and communication technologies, used in a distance education course for professionals, promoted by a University Hospital in Rio Grande do Norte.Methodology:It is an experience report of an educational and health promotion action. These materials were included as part of the content of the clinical management course in AM for 2020, in the format of distance learningdue to the pandemic caused by Covid-19. Two audio productions were carried out in the form of Podcastsand one of them integrated with a video class production to continue the educational topic addressed. Results:Listed the main benefits of exclusive breastfeeding in a playful way. The first podcastportrays a fictional situation where a newborn is exclusively breastfed and evolves with low weight gain. A video lesson was created to dynamically explain the conduct of the fictional case on the podcast. The second podcast dealt with the long-term benefits of breastfeeding, by simulating a radio interview between announcer and nutritionist.Conclusions:The materials produced,through accessible technological tools, make the distance learning process more active and dynamic within a context of social isolation (AU).

Introducción: La lactancia materna es una práctica recomendada exclusivamente hasta los 6 meses de edad y complementada con 2 años o más, dados los diversos beneficios científicamente probados tanto para la madre como para el bebé. La leche materna protege a los niños contra las infecciones, previene el asma, la diabetes y la obesidad y está asociada con un mejor crecimiento y desarrollo.Objetivo: Informar la experiencia de producir materiales educativos sobre los beneficios y el manejo de la lactancia materna a través de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, utilizados en un curso de educación a distancia para profesionales, promovido por un Hospital Universitario de Rio Grande do Norte.Metodología: Es un relato de experiencia de una acción educativa y de promoción de la salud. Estos materiales se incluyeron como parte del contenido del curso de manejo clínico de la lactancia materna 2020, en el formato de educación a distanciadebido a la pandemia causada por Covid-19. Se realizaron dos producciones de audio en forma de Podcastsy una de ellas se integró con una producción de clase de video para dar continuidad al tema educativo abordado. Resultados: Enumeró los principales beneficios de la lactancia materna exclusiva de forma lúdica. El primer podcastretrata una situación ficticia en la que un recién nacido es amamantado exclusivamente y evoluciona con poco aumento de peso. Se creó una lección en video para explicar dinámicamente la conducción del caso ficticio en el podcast. El segundo podcastabordó los beneficios a largo plazo de la lactancia materna, simulando una entrevista radial entre locutor y nutricionista.Conclusiones: Los materiales producidos, utilizando herramientas tecnológicas accesibles, hacen que el proceso de aprendizaje a distancia seamás activo y dinámico en un contexto de aislamiento social (AU).

Uso de tecnologías de información y comunicación en el screening de la depresión asociada al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas / Use of information and communication technologies in screening of depression associated with the use of psychoactive substances

Resumen Introducción. El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) se consideran como una enfermedad crónica debido a que el inicio, curso, dirección, y resultado es impredecible en algunos casos y adicionalmente son trastornos multicausales como es el caso de la depresión; según datos reportados por el Centro de Adicciones de Barcelona "la incidencia de depresión en pacientes con abuso de sustancias oscila entre el 6% y 70% en los consumidores de SPA". Con este panorama se debe comprender que la intervención debe desarrollar la promoción de la salud y la prevención de la enfermedad, con la aparición de la biotecnología con el uso y aplicación de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC) en las ciencias de salud y la vida para el diagnóstico, prevención, supervisión, tratamiento. Objetivo. Desarrollar un software que permita generar una alerta para la identificación temprana de la depresión asociada al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adultos, mediante el uso de una TICs previamente validada, durante el año 2019. Metodología. Investigación Tecnológica, utilizando la metodología "UWE" con enfoque al desarrollo de software para el dominio web. Resultados. En esta propuesta de investigación se avanzará en el desarrollo del prototipo del producto para la identificación temprana de la depresión con el fin de mejorar el proceso de toma de decisiones clínicas, en el momento mismo de la atención, con base en la información registrada en el software llamado MEASDEP (Medición de la depresión en consumidores de SPA).

Abstract Introduction. The consumption of psychoactive substances (SPA) is considered a chronic disease because the onset, course, direction, and result is unpredictable in some cases and additionally they are multi-causal disorders such as depression; according to data reported by the Barcelona Addiction Center "the incidence of depression in patients with substance abuse ranges between 6% and 70% in SPA users". With this outlook, it should be understood that the intervention should develop the promotion of health and the prevention of disease, with the appearance of biotechnology with the use and application of information and communication technologies (ICT) in science, health and life for diagnosis, prevention, supervision, treatment. Objective. To develop a software that allows generating an alert for the early identification of depression associated with the use of psychoactive substances in adults, through the use of a previously validated ICT, during 2019. Methodology. Technological Research, using the "UWE "With a focus on software development for the web domain. Results. In this research proposal, progress will be made in the development of the product prototype for the early identification of depression in order to improve the clinical decision-making process, at the moment of care, based on the registered information in the software called MEASDEP (Measurement of depression in SPA consumers).

Rediseño de la infraestructura de red local del Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas (CIMEQ). Cuba / Redesign Local Network Infrastructure of CIMEQ. Cuba

El empleo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en el sector de la salud mejoran considerablemente el funcionamiento de los procesos asistenciales y de gestión médico-administrativa, todo lo cual contribuye a una mayor eficiencia hospitalaria y desempeño competitivo de las instituciones. La presente investigación aborda la problemática existente con el diseño de la infraestructura de red del Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas (CIMEQ), la cual afecta los procesos sustantivos de la institución, como la gestión de pacientes y la trasmisión de imágenes médicas. El objetivo de la investigación es rediseñar la infraestructura de red del CIMEQ, lo que permitirá elevar su rendimiento y seguridad. La investigación tiene un enfoque cuantitativo, con alcance descriptivo, de tipo retrospectivo y diseño experimental, de corte longitudinal. Se emplearon los métodos científicos de modelación y análisis documental. Como resultado se rediseñó la infraestructura de red de área local del CIMEQ, a través de métodos de segmentación que permitieron crear grupos de trabajo de manera dinámica, aprovechar las bondades de los equipos gestionables instalados y la implementación de nuevos cortafuegos. La propuesta de segmentación obtenida, por medio de redes de área local virtual, aplicación de medidas de seguridad a nivel de capa 2 y capa 3 del modelo OSI y la administración del ancho de banda mediante la implementación de calidad de servicio QoS para las aplicaciones que requieran prioridad en el tráfico de la red, mejoró el rendimiento y seguridad de la infraestructura de red del CIMEQ, lo cual impacta en un mayor desempeño competitivo y eficiencia hospitalaria desde el empleo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación(AU)

Using of information and communication technologies In the health sector improve considerably the functioning of healthcare processes and medical-administrative management, all of which it contributes to greater hospital efficiency and competitive performance of the institutions. This research addresses the existing problem with the design of the network infrastructure of the Medical Surgical Research Center (CIMEQ), which affects the substantive processes of the institution, such as patient management and the transmission of medical images. The objective of the research is to redesign the CIMEQ network infrastructure, which allows increase its performance and security. The research has a quantitative approach, with a descriptive scope, of a retrospective type and an experimental design, of longitudinal cut. Scientific methods of modeling and documentary analysis were used. As a result, the CIMEQ local area network infrastructure was redesigned, through segmentation methods that allowed dynamic workgroups to be created, take advantage of the benefits of installed manageable equipment and the implementation of new firewalls. The segmentation proposal obtained, through virtual local area networks, application of security measures in the layer 2 and layer 3 of the OSI model and bandwidth management through the implementation of quality of service for applications that require priority in network traffic, improved the performance and security of the CIMEQ network infrastructure, which impacts in a greater competitive performance and hospital efficiency(AU)

Estilos de Aprendizagem em Situações de Uso de Tecnologias / Learning Styles in Technology Use Situations / Estilos de Aprendizaje en Situaciones de Uso de Tecnologías

Esta comunicação refere-se à tese intitulada Estilos de Aprendizagem e o Uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação, defendida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas. De modo sucinto, apresenta a sequência de quatro estudos realizados no âmbito da referida tese, sendo eles: (1) construção de um instrumento de avaliação (escala) e busca por evidências de validade baseadas em conteúdo; (2) estudo piloto para informatização da escala e teste de funcionamento da escala informatizada; (3) busca por evidências de validade baseadas na estrutura interna; e (4) comparação dos estilos de aprendizagem de universitários de administração, considerando as variáveis linhas de formação e gênero. Os estudos resultaram no desenvolvimento de um instrumento de avaliação e na proposição de um modelo de estilos de aprendizagem em situações de uso de tecnologias, abrangendo os estilos teórico, pragmático, de interação com o meio, bem como de interação através do meio. (AU)

This paper refers to the thesis entitled Learning Styles and the Use of Information and Communication Technologies, defended in the Doctoral Program in Psychology of the Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas. Briefly, it presents the sequence of four studies developed in the thesis: (1) construction of an assessment instrument (scale) and search for evidence of validity based on content; (2) pilot study for scale computerization and computerized scale function test; (3) search for evidence of validity based on internal structure; and (4) comparison of the learning styles of business university students. The studies resulted in the development of an evaluation instrument and the proposition of a learning style model in technology use situations, composed by the theoretical, pragmatic, interaction with the medium and interaction through the medium styles. (AU)

Este artículo se refiere a la tesis titulada Estilos de Aprendizaje y el Uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación, defendida en el Programa de Posgrado en Psicología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Campinas. Brevemente, la secuencia de cuatro estudios realizados en el ámbito de dicha tesis: (1) construcción de un instrumento de evaluación (escala) y búsqueda de evidencia de validez basada en el contenido; (2) estudio piloto para la informatización a escala y prueba de función de escala computarizada; (3) búsqueda de evidencia de validez basada en estructura interna; y (4) comparación de los estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes universitarios de administración. Los estudios dieron como resultado el desarrollo de un instrumento de evaluación y la proposición de un modelo de estilo de aprendizaje en situaciones de uso de la tecnología, abarcando los estilos teórico, pragmático, de interacción con el medio y de interacción a través del medio. (AU)

Motivation Scale for Learning with the use of DICT (EMA - TDIC) / Escala de Motivação para Aprender com o uso das TDIC (EMA - TDIC) / Escala de Motivación para Aprender con el uso de las TICs (EMA - TDIC)

The motivation to learn, as a socio-affective component, has been investigated as a facilitating phenomenon for the permanence of young people in formal education. The aim of this study was to seek evidence of content and the internal structure of the items that make up an instrument to identify the motivational quality for learning with the use of DICT (EMA - TDIC), with its scope being students in high school and higher education. Participants in this study were 822 students, who responded collectively to the scale. Descriptive and exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) analysis of the items were performed. The CFA results corroborated the structural model established in the EFA, that is, the three-dimensional structure was confirmed: Controlled Motivation, Autonomous Motivation and Demotivation. New studies are underway, aiming to expand the psychometric evidence of the instrument, increasing the possibilities of making this questionnaire useful in educational contexts (AU).

A motivação para aprender, como componente socioafetivo, tem sido investigada como um fenômeno facilitador para a permanência dos jovens na educação formal. O objetivo deste estudo foi buscar evidências de conteúdo e da estrutura interna dos itens integrantes de um instrumento para identificar a qualidade motivacional para aprender com o uso das TDIC (EMA - TDIC), sendo seu âmbito de aplicação os estudantes dos ensinos médio e superior. Participaram neste estudo 822 estudantes que responderam coletivamente à escala. Realizou-se análises descritivas e fatoriais exploratória (AFE) e confirmatória (AFC) dos itens. Os resultados da AFC corroboraram o modelo estrutural instituído na AFE, isto é, confirmou-se a estrutura de três dimensões: Motivação Controlada, Motivação Autônoma e Desmotivação. Novos estudos estão em andamento, visando ampliar as evidências psicométricas do instrumento, aumentando as possibilidades de rentabilização desse questionário nos contextos educativos (AU).

La motivación para aprender, como componente socio-afectivo, ha sido investigada como un fenómeno facilitador para la permanencia de los jóvenes en la educación formal. El objetivo de este estudio fue buscar evidencias de contenido y de estructura interna de los ítems que conforman un instrumento para identificar la calidad motivacional para aprender con el uso de las TICs (EMA - TDIC), para los estudiantes de secundaria y preparatoria. En este estudio participaron 822 estudiantes que respondieron colectivamente a la escala. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y exploratorios (AFE) y confirmatorios (AFC) de los ítems. Los resultados del AFC corroboraron el modelo estructural establecido en el AFE, es decir, se confirmó la estructura tridimensional: Motivación Controlada, Motivación Autónoma y Desmotivación. Se están realizando nuevos estudios, con el objetivo de ampliar la evidencia psicométrica del instrumento, aumentando las posibilidades de rentabilizar este cuestionario en contextos educativos (AU).

Escala de Estratégias de Aprendizagem e Tecnologias Digitais: ensinos médio e universitário / Learning Strategies and Digital Technologies Scale: high school and university teaching / Escala de Estrategias de Aprendizaje y Tecnologías Digitales: educación secundaria y universitaria

Identificar as estratégias que favorecem os alunos a estudarem com o uso das tecnologias digitais é um dos grandes desafios desta sociedade atual. Este estudo buscou evidências de validade da estrutura interna dos itens de um instrumento para mensurar as estratégias de aprendizagem empregadas pelos alunos quando estudam utilizando as tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação (TDIC). Para tanto, elaborou-se a Escala de Estratégias de Aprendizagem com o Uso das TDIC (EEA-TDIC) para os estudantes dos ensinos médio e superior. Participaram desta pesquisa 822 alunos. As três dimensões do instrumento, estruturadas após análise fatorial exploratória, confirmaram-se nos resultados alcançados com a análise confirmatória. As propriedades psicométricas da EEA-TDIC foram evidenciadas, estabelecendo a escala como medida válida e confiável. Acredita-se que a escala será útil para avaliação e diagnóstico psicoeducacional de forma a orientar ações formativas no contexto educativo. (AU)

Identifying the strategies that help students to study using digital technologies is one of the great challenges for society today. This study sought evidence for the validity of the internal structure of the items of an instrument to measure the learning strategies employed by students when they study using digital information and communication technologies (DICT). Accordingly, the Learning Strategies with the use of DICT Scale (EEA-TDIC) was developed for students in High School and Higher Education. Study participants were 822 students. The three dimensions of the instrument, structured after exploratory factor analysis, were confirmed in the results of the confirmatory analysis. The psychometric properties of the EEA-TDIC were found to be acceptable, establishing the scale as a valid and reliable measure. The scale will be useful for psychoeducational assessment and diagnosis, in order to guide study actions in the educational context. (AU)

Identificar las estrategias que favorezcan a los estudiantes a estudiar con el uso de tecnologías digitales es uno de los grandes desafíos de la sociedad actual. Este estudio buscó evidencias de validez de la estructura interna de los ítems de un instrumento para medir las estrategias de aprendizaje empleadas por el alumnado cuando estudian utilizando tecnologías digitales de la información y la comunicación (TDIC). Para ello, se desarrolló la Escala de Estrategias de Aprendizaje con el uso de TDIC (EEA-TDIC) para estudiantes de Educación Secundaria y Superior. 822 estudiantes participaron en esta investigación. Las tres dimensiones del instrumento, estructuradas tras el análisis factorial exploratorio, se confirmaron en los resultados obtenidos con el análisis confirmatorio. Se evidenciaron las propiedades psicométricas del EEA-TDIC, estableciendo la escala como una medida válida y confiable. Se cree que la escala será de utilidad para la evaluación y el diagnóstico psicoeducativo con el fin de orientar las acciones formativas en el contexto educativo. (AU)