Progress of Microsatellite (GT/CA)n Repeat Polymorphisms in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer / 肿瘤防治研究

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most important histological type of lung cancer. This disease affects a large number of patients, and the prognosis of advanced patients is poor. Although great progress has been achieved for existing treatment methods, challenges still exist. Cancer is a genetic disease, and its occurrence is accompanied by substantial genomic-sequence instability. (GT/CA)n repeat sequence is a common microsatellite sequence serving as transcriptional function-related regions, DNA-methylation modification sites, and other functional sites. Its polymorphism is closely related to the expression of EGFR, HO-1, and HIF-1α in NSCLC patients. (GT/CA)n repeat sequence is the breakthrough point to explore the molecular mechanism of NSCLC occurrence and development, develop molecular markers for diagnosis and prognosis and epigenetics research. This paper summarizes the studies on (GT/CA)n repeat polymorphisms in NSCLC with the aim of providing references for relevant NSCLC research.

Effects of inhibiting CAMKⅡ expression in ARPE-19 cells on the migration, invasion, and tube formation of HUVECs in a non-contact co-culture system / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the effect of inhibiting Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(CAMKⅡ)expression in adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line-19(ARPE-19)cells on the migration, invasion, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)in a non-contact co-culture system.METHODS: RNA sequencing was performed on ARPE-19 cells overexpressing CAMKⅡ-δ, and bioinformatics was used to analyze the biological functions of the differentially expressed genes. Transwell inserts was used to construct a non-contact co-culture system of ARPE-19 and HUVECs. The experimental groups included: blank group: only HUVECs were inoculated without ARPE-19 cells; control group: ARPE-19 and HUVECs cells were co-cultured with complete medium; AIP group(CAMKⅡ inhibition group): ARPE-19 cells in AIP(160 nmol/L)were co-cultured with HUVECs in complete medium. The migration, invasion and tube formation abilities of HUVECs were detected. The protein expression levels of CAMKⅡ/AMPK/mTOR/VEGFA were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS:Bioinformatics analysis found that the differentially expressed genes could affect biological processes such as cell growth and death and cell movement. The scratch test and transwell migration test showed that the relative mobility of HUVECs in the AIP group was significantly lower than that in the control group(all P<0.05). However, the invasion and tube formation assay showed that the relative invasion rate and tube formation rate of the AIP group were not significantly different from those of the control group(both P>0.05). Western blotting results showed that the expression levels of CAMKⅡ, P-mTOR, and VEGFA proteins in the AIP group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while the expression level of the P-AMPK protein was significantly higher than that in the control group(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION:In the non-contact co-culture system, inhibition of CAMKⅡ expression in ARPE-19 cells significantly reduced the migration ability of HUVECs, but it cannot change the invasion and tube formation ability, which may be achieved by AMPK/mTOR/VEGFA.

Clínica, auxología y calidad de vida en cincuenta niños, niñas y adolescentes con síndromes de sobrecrecimiento corporal segmentario de un único centro / Clinical and auxological characteristics and quality of life of 50 children and adolescents with segmental overgrowth syndromes at a single center

Introducción. Los síndromes de sobrecrecimiento corporal segmentario son un grupo de enfermedades poco frecuentes caracterizadas por exceso de crecimiento en una o más partes del cuerpo relacionadas, en su mayoría, con mutaciones en mosaico en la vía de señalización AKT/PI3K/mTOR y RAS-MAPK. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar las características clínicas y auxológicas, y la calidad de vida relacionada a salud (CVRS) en este grupo de pacientes en un hospital de tercer nivel de atención. Población y métodos. Estudio transversal de una cohorte en seguimiento. Se analizaron edad, sexo, datos sociodemográficos, mediciones antropométricas del segmento afectado y del contralateral, complicaciones, tratamiento, calidad de vida (PedsQL4.0) y dolor. Se calcularon medidas centrales y de dispersión. Se realizó análisis univariado entre calidad de vida y variables incluidas. Resultados. Se incluyeron 50 pacientes, 29 varones. Mediana de edad 9,95 (r 1,44-17,81) años. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue síndrome de sobrecrecimiento relacionado a PIK3CA (PROS) (37/50). Mediana de número de segmentos afectados 2 (r: 1-7) por niño. Cuarenta casos presentaron malformación vascular; 20, capilar. El dolor (24/50) fue la complicación más frecuente. Treinta y un pacientes mostraron asimetría de longitud de miembros inferiores, < 5 cm. La estatura se ubicó entre los centilos 50 y 97 en la mayoría de los niños. Menor CVRS se observó en mujeres, en pacientes con malformación vascular compleja y necesidades básicas insatisfechas (NBI). Conclusiones. PROS fue el diagnóstico más frecuente. El dolor fue una complicación frecuente. La CVRS fue menor en mujeres, pacientes con malformación vascular combinada y NBI.

Introduction. Segmental overgrowth syndromes are a group of rare diseases characterized by overgrowth in one or more parts of the body, mostly related to mosaic mutations in the AKT/PI3K/mTOR and RASMAPK signaling pathway. Our objective was to analyze the clinical and auxological characteristics and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in this group of patients at a tertiary care hospital. Population and methods. Cross-sectional study of a follow-up cohort. Age, sex, sociodemographic data, anthropometric measurements of the affected and contralateral segments, complications, treatment, quality of life (PedsQL 4.0), and pain were analyzed. Central and dispersion measures were estimated. A univariate analysis between the quality of life and study variables was done. Results. A total of 50 patients were included; 29 were males. Median age: 9.95 (r: 1.44­17.81) years. The most common diagnosis was PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS) (37/50). The median number of affected segments was 2 (r: 1­7) per patient. Vascular malformations were observed in 40, and capillary malformations, in 20 patients. Pain was the most common complication (24/50). An asymmetry of the lower extremities of < 5 cm was observed in 31 patients. In most children, height was between the 50th and 97th percentiles. A lower HRQoL was observed among girls, patients with complex vascular malformations, and those with unmet basic needs (UBNs). Conclusions. PROS was the most common diagnosis. Pain was the most common complication. HRQoL was lower among girls, patients with combined vascular malformations, and those with UBNs.

Ca-125: A Useful Marker to Distinguish Pulmonary Tuberculosis from Bacterial Pneumonia

Background: Ca-125 is a large molecular-weight glycoprotein synthesized by different cells originating from the coelomic epithelium. Although classically it has been used to monitor the course of ovarian epithelial cancer, there are other established circumstances associated with high serum Ca -125 levels and pulmonary tuberculosis is one of them. Diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis, which is not bacteriologically positive often very challenging. Because many procedures are available for such cases but they are of limited use because some of them are lengthy or expensive or need sophisticated equipment, highly skilled personnel, etc. Serum CA-125 is a rapid, relatively inexpensive investigation. Objective: The present study aimed to assess the role of CA-125 in distinguishing pulmonary TB from bacterial pneumonia. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Dhaka Medical College Hospital for the period of March 2018 to September 2020.100 pulmonary tuberculosis patients were taken in group I, and 100 bacterial pneumonia patients were taken in group II according to selection criteria. Informed written consent was taken from each of the participants. All were subjected to detail clinical and demographic history along with thorough physical examination. Relevant investigations were done including serum CA-125. All final data were collected in the semi-structured and pretested case record form. After data collection, data were checked for errors, and analysis was done. Results: In this study, the mean CA-125 value was 62.29 (SD±31.51) IU/mL in group I(pulmonary tuberculosis). In group II (bacterial pneumonia) mean value was 22.95(±8.25) IU/mL. The mean value of CA-125 was significantly higher (p-value <0.001) in group I patients compared to group II. About 59.0% of patients in group I had a high level of serum CA-125 which had a significant difference from group II (p<0.001). ROC analysis of CA-125 in the diagnosis of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis showed a cut-off value of ?31.7 IU/mL had sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, PLR, NLR, and accuracy of 72%, 87%, 84.7%, 75.7%, 5.54%, 0.321%, and 79.5% respectively. Conclusion: This study’s findings stated that serum CA-125 may be a useful marker in distinguishing PTB from bacterial pneumonia. Therefore, further study with a more generalized study population is recommended.

Concentraciones de oxígeno intermitentes tienen impacto en el desarrollo postnatal temprano de ratas Sprague-Dawley: efectos en CA1 del hipocampo / Intermittent oxygen concentrations have an impact on the early postnatal development of Sprague-Dawley rats: effects on hippocampal CA1

El periodo postnatal temprano se caracteriza por rápido crecimiento cerebral, posiblemente relacionado con variaciones del oxígeno tisular. Esto ha motivado el estudio de protocolos que suministran diferentes concentraciones de oxígeno intermitentes, para observar sus efectos morfológicos y cerebrales. Se utilizaron 52 crías de ratas Sprague Dawley, distribuidas en igual número a cuatro grupos experimentales, Control (C, 21 %O2), Hipoxia Intermitente (HI, 11 %O2), Hiperoxia Intermitente (HOI, 30 %O2) e Hipoxia Hiperoxia Intermitente (HHI, 11 % -30 %O2). Los protocolos consideraron 5 ciclos de 5 minutos de dosificación, durante 50 minutos diarios. Se realizó en una cámara semihermética entre los días 5 al 11 postnatales. Las evaluaciones de crecimiento corporal y cuantificación neuronal, se realizaron en las crías macho, en el día 28 postnatal. El peso corporal en el grupo hipoxia intermitente mostró diferencias significativas respecto al grupo hiperoxia intermitente (HI vs HOI, p<0,01) y al grupo hipoxia-hiperoxia Intermitente (HI vs HHI, p< 0,001). La talla corporal disminuyó en el grupo hipoxia-hiperoxia intermitente con diferencias significativas respecto del grupo control (C vs HHI, p<0,05) y respecto del grupo hipoxia intermitente (HHI vs HI, p< 0,01). El conteo neuronal en el área CA1 del hipocampo aumentó en el grupo hipoxia intermitente con diferencias significativas respecto a los grupos control (C vs HI; p<0,05), al grupo hiperoxia intermitente (HI vs HOI; p<0,001) y al grupo hipoxia-hiperoxia intermitente (HI vs HHI; p<0,001). Finalmente, el grupo hipoxia- hiperoxia Intermitente disminuyó significativamente en la cantidad de neuronas en comparación al grupo hiperoxia intermitente (HHI vs HOI; p<0,001). La hipoxia intermitente mostró resultados beneficiosos en el crecimiento corporal y cantidad de neuronas en el área CA1 del hipocampo, en contraste, la hipoxia hiperoxia intermitente experimentó resultados adversos con disminución de estas variables, en el periodo postnatal temprano de la rata.

SUMMARY: The early postnatal period is characterized by rapid brain growth, possibly related to variations in tissue oxygen. This has motivated the study of protocols that supply different intermittent oxygen concentrations, to observe their morphological and cerebral effects. Fifty-two pups Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed in equal numbers into four experimental groups, Control (C, 21 %O), Intermittent Hypoxia (HI, 11 %O), Intermittent Hyperoxia (HOI, 30 %O2) and Intermittent Hypoxia Hyperoxia (HHI, 11 % - 30 %O2). The protocols considered 5 cycles of 5 min of dosing, for 50 min diary. It was performed in a semi- hermetic chamber between 5 to 11postnatal days. The evaluations of body growth and neuronal quantification were analyzed in male pups, on postnatal day 28. Body weight in the intermittent hypoxia group showed significant differences compared to the intermittent hyperoxia group (HI vs HOI, p<0.01) and the intermittent hypoxia- hyperoxia group (HI vs HHI, p<0.001). Body size decreased in the Intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia group with significant differences compared to the control group (C vs HHI, p<0.05) and with respect to the intermittent hypoxia group (HHI vs HI, p<0.01). The neuronal count in the area CA1 of the hippocampus increased in the intermittent hypoxia group with significant differences compared to the control groups (C vs HI; p<0.05), to the intermittent hyperoxia group (HI vs HOI; p< 0.001) and the intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia group (HI vs HHI; p<0.001). Finally, the intermittent hypoxia- hyperoxia group decreased significantly in the number of neurons compared with the intermittent hyperoxia group (HHI vs HOI; p<0.001). Intermittent hypoxia showed beneficial results in body growth and the number of neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus, in contrast, intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia experienced adverse results with a decrease in these variables, in the early postnatal period of the rat.

T-type Ca2+ channels and their relationship with pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions in the human breast

The expression of T-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (Cav3) has been previously observed in breast cancer, but their expression and subcellular localization were not evaluated in pre-neoplastic lesions. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate protein expression and subcellular localization of T-type channel isoforms in human breast tissue samples. Protein expressions of CaV3.1, CaV3.2, and CaV3.3 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in breast without alteration, in proliferative non-neoplastic lesions, and in neoplastic ductal epithelial lesions of the human breast. CaV3.1, CaV3.2, and CaV3.3 nuclear expressions were decreased in advanced stages of neoplastic transformation, whereas CaV3.1 and CaV3.2 cytoplasmic expression increased. Also, the decrease in nuclear expression was correlated with an increase in cytoplasmic expression for CaV3.1 isoform. The change in CaV3 protein expression and subcellular localization are consistent with the neoplastic transformation stages of mammary epithelial cells, evident in early neoplastic lesions, such as ductal carcinomas in situ. These results suggest a possible involvement of CaV3 in the carcinogenic processes and could be considered as a potential pharmacological target in new therapies for breast cancer treatment.

Effects of estrogen and raloxifene on synaptic density in the hippocampal CA1 region of ovariectomized rats

Abstract Introduction The CA1 region of the hippocampus has an important role in learning and memory. It has been shown that estrogen deficiency may reduce the synaptic density in the region and that hormone replacement therapy may attenuate the reduction. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effects of estrogen and raloxifene on the synaptic density profile in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in ovariectomized rats. Methods Sixty ovariectomized three-month-old virgin rats were randomized into six groups (n = 10). Treatments started either three days (early treatment) or sixty days (late treatment) after ovariectomy. The groups received propylene glycol vehicle (0.5 mL/animal/day), equine conjugated estrogens (50 μg/animal/day), or raloxifene (3 mg/kg/day) either early or late after ovariectomy. The drugs were administered orally by gavage for 30 days. At the end of the treatments, the animals were anesthetized and transcardially perfused with ether and saline solution. The brains were removed and prepared for analysis under transmission electron microscopy and later fixed. Results Results showed a significant increase in the synaptic density profile of the hippocampal CA1 region in both the early estrogen (0.534 ± 0.026 µ/m2) and the early raloxifene (0.437 ± 0.012 µ/m2) treatment groups compared to the early or late vehicle-treated control groups (0.338 ± 0.038 µ/m2 and 0.277 ± 0.015 µ/m2 respectively). Conclusions The present data suggest that the raloxifene effect may be lower than that of estrogen, even early or late treatment, on synaptic density in the hippocampus.

Clinical characteristics of a case of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy caused by PPP3CA gene mutation and literature review / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To improve clinicians′ understanding of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) caused by PPP3CA gene mutation. Methods:Clinical data of a patient with DEE diagnosed in the First Department of Neurology, Hebei Children′s Hospital in September 2018 were collected. The whole-exome sequencing of the proband′s family was performed, and the characteristics of gene mutation were analyzed. Literature review was carried out based on the reported cases related to PPP3CA gene. Results:The proband, a 3 months and 20 days old girl, was admitted to the hospital with a history of paroxysmal confusion with extremities shaking for 2 days. The clinical manifestations included frequent epilepsy seizures and hypoevolutism. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed that the bilateral frontotemporal extracerebral space was slightly wider. The video electroencephalography showed hyperarrhythmia and a cluster of spastic seizures. Whole exome sequencing of the family revealed that the proband had a heterozygous de novo frameshift truncating mutation in the PPP3CA gene: c.1255-1256delAG (p.Ser419Cysfs*31). From the establishment of the database to May 2022, 8 foreign literatures and 1 Chinese literature were retrieved, and a total of 21 children with PPP3CA gene mutation were reported, with clinical developmental delay, cognitive dysfunction and abnormal electroencephalography activity. Conclusions:The frameshift truncating mutation of the PPP3CA gene (c.1255-1256delAG) is the hereditary etiology of this patient. For cases of frequent seizures with poor efficacy of antiepileptic drugs, and developmental delay, genetic testing should be performed to confirm diagnosis and treatment.

A circuit from dorsal hippocampal CA3 to parvafox nucleus mediates social novelty preference deficits induced by chronic social defeat stress / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE The preference for social novelty is crucial to the social life of humans and rodents.However,the neural mechanisms underlying social novelty preference are poorly understood.Dorsal hippocampal CA3(dCA3)is an important brain area that responds to social defeat stress,and the neural circuitry of dCA3→lat-eral septum(LS)participates in the context-associated memory.Meanwhile,the parvafox nucleus(PFN)Foxb1+ neurons regulate the defensive reaction to life-threaten-ing situations.Therefore,we investigate a cell-specific cir-cuit of dCA3CaMKⅡα+→dorsal LSGABA+→PFNFoxb1+ in social novelty preference.METHODS Chronic social defeat stress(CSDS)and three-chamber social interaction test were performed in adult male C57BL/6J mice to detect social behaviors.Optogenetic and chemical-genetic experiments were conducted to regulate the circuit.RESULTS CSDS reduced the preference for social nov-elty in mice and the response of dCA3CaMKⅡα+ neurons dur-ing approach to an unfamiliar mouse was impaired by CSDS.Optogenetic inhibition of dCA3CaMKⅡα+→dLS pro-jection reduced the preference for the unfamiliar mouse versus a familiar mouse.Meanwhile,optogenetic activa-tion of dCA3CaMKⅡα+→dLS projection rescued the prefer-ence for social novelty of CSDS-treated mice.Manipula-tions dLSGABA+→PFN projection activation regulated the preference for social novelty in mice.Optogenetic activa-tion of PFNFoxb1+→lPAG projection reduced the prefer-ence for a familiar C57BL/6J mouse versus a novel object in control mice.CSDS decreased the excitability of dCA3CaMKⅡα+ neurons by up-regulation of Kir2.4(Kcnj14)expression.CONCLUSION Our present study suggest-ed that activation of a cell-specific circuit of dCA3CaMKⅡα+→dLSGABA+→PFNFoxb1+→lPAG reverses the deficits of social novelty preference in defeated mice,and inhibition of this circuit reduces the preference for social novelty.The cir-cuit that regulates the preference for social novelty deficits may provide a new information for the potential therapeu-tic targets for neuropsychiatric diseases.

Expression of Tim-3 in the peripheral blood of pancreatic cancer patients and the diagnostic value in combination with serum glucose chain antigen 19-9 / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the expression of soluble T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (Tim-3) in peripheral blood of patients with pancreatic cancer and its diagnostic value in combination with serum Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) .Methods:106 newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer patients and 65 age and sex matched healthy individuals were enrolled. Tim-3 concentration was quantitatively determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). According to the expression levels of soluble Tim-3 and serum CA19-9, a binary logistic regression model of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was established to compare the diagnostic effects of serum CA19-9 and soluble Tim-3 alone or combined with the two tests.Results:The levels of soluble Tim-3 in the pancreatic cancer group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group ( P<0.001). The expression level of soluble Tim-3 was significantly higher in patients with stage III-IV pancreatic cancer than in patients with stage I-II ( P=0.003). The AUC of soluble Tim-3 diagnosis for stage I-II pancreatic cancer was 0.856 (95%CI: 0.765 to 0.992 P<0.001), Serum CA19-9 The AUC used for the stage I-II pancreatic cancer diagnosis was 0.862 (95%CI: 0.772 to 0.926 P<0.001), The AUC for the combined diagnosis was 0.949 (95%CI: 0.880 - 0.985 P<0.001) ; In a healthy population and in patients with stage III-IV pancreatic cancer, the AUC of soluble T I I-IV pancreatic cancer in stage III was 0.927 (95%CI: 0.873 to 0.963 P<0.001), the AUC of serum CA19-9 used for the diagnosis of stage III-IV pancreatic cancer was 0.933 (95%CI: 0.881 to 0.968 P<0.001), the AUC for the combined diagnosis was 0.989 (95%CI: 0.956 to 0.999 P<0.001) . Conclusions:The combination of soluble Tim-3 and serum CA19-9 can improve the diagnostic rate of pancreatic cancer patients.

Relationships between PIK3CA gene status and clinical features and prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To detect the status of PIK3CA in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) , and to analyze the relationships between PIK3CA mutation and clinical features and its impact on prognosis.Methods:From January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018, 50 patients with primary TNBC admitted to Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province were collected. The PIK3CA mutation status was detected, and the relationships between PIK3CA mutation and clinical characteristics of patients with TNBC and its impact on prognosis were analyzed.Results:PIK3CA gene mutation was detected in 9 of 50 TNBC patients, with a mutation frequency of 18.0%. H1047R mutation was found in 4 cases, E545K mutation in 3 cases and E542K mutation in 2 cases. PIK3CA gene mutation was not associated with age ( χ2=3.55, P=0.060) , tumor location ( χ2=1.01, P=0.315) , tumor size ( χ2<0.01, P>0.999) , lymph node status ( χ2=0.76, P=0.385) , clinical stage ( χ2=0.65, P=0.420) , Ki-67 value ( χ2<0.01, P>0.999) , P53 status ( χ2=0.02, P=0.894) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) status ( χ2=1.65, P=0.200) . Prognostic analysis showed that 3-year disease-free survival rates of wild-type PIK3CA patients was significantly higher than that of mutant PIK3CA patients (80.5% vs. 11.1%, χ2=28.23, P<0.001) . Conclusion:The frequency of PIK3CA gene mutation is higher in TNBC patients. There is no correlation between PIK3CA mutation and clinicopathologic features in TNBC patients. PIK3CA gene mutation may be significantly associated with poor prognosis of TNBC patients.

Preclinical anti-apoptotic properties of salidroside for hypoxic-ischemic cerebral damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis / 数字中医药（英文）

@#【Objective】   As the main active ingredient of Tibetan medicine Hongjingtian (Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma), salidroside (Sal) has a good anti-apoptotic potential. Currently, there are some conflicting results on the anti-apoptotic mechanisms of Sal. Here we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide the preclinical evidence of its anti-apoptotic properties in preventing and treating hypoxic-ischemic cerebral damage(HICD). 【Methods】   The literature on the anti-apoptotic potential of Sal in the treatment of HICD from January 1, 1980 to November 9, 2021 was searched online using Chinese databases including Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Wanfang Database, and English databases including PubMed and Web of Science. The quality of the included articles was evaluated by the Cochrane Collaboration network bias risk assessment criteria, and meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. 【Results】  A total of 40 articles were finally included. Among the 40 articles, 30 were about in vivo animal experiments and 17 about in vitro cell experiments, and 7 of them included both animal and cell experiments. After analysis, it was found that Sal had significant effects on disease-related indicators of HICD (P < 0.05), such as cerebral infarctsize and brain water content. As to in vivo studies, Sal mainly affects the expressions of apoptotic factors through antiinflammation, anti-oxidation, activation of complement pathway, and regulation of signal transduction and autophagy, thus exerting anti-apoptotic potential in treating HICD. While for in vitro studies, Sal plays the anti-apoptotic role in HICD models mainly through anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, reduction of Ca2+ overload, regulation of mitochondrial function, signal transduction, and C3 complement. 【Conclusion】  Sal can take anti-apoptotic effects to prevent and treat HICD through mechanisms such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, enhanced autophagy, complement and signal transduction, regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduction of Ca2 + overload.

Correlation between CD10,CA9,CD133 and prognosis of mccRCC treated with sorafenib or sunitinib as first-line therapy / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the correlation between the expressions of CD10,CA9 and CD133 and the prognosis of patients with metastatic renal clear cell carcinoma (mccRCC) treated with sorafenib or sunitinib. 【Methods】 A total of 80 mccRCC patients who received sorafenib or sunitinib as first-line therapy were retrospectively enrolled. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) was performed for CD10,CA9 and CD133 in tumor tissue samples to analyze the correlation between the expression of each marker and clinicopathologic variables. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional risk models were used to analyze prognostic factors of progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS),and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed for CA9 expression and PFS,OS in the treatment subgroups. 【Results】 Altogether 37 patients (46.25%) had PFS,and the median PFS (mPFS) was 24.9 months (95%CI:16.5-33.2 months),while 55 patients (68.75%) died and the median OS (mOS) was 44.2 months (95%CI:14.6-73.7). Low expression of CD10 was correlated with high Fuhrman grade (χ2=6.241,P=0.012),lymph node metastasis (χ2=5.952,P=0.015),and the number of metastatic organs ≥2 (χ2=8.205,P=0.004). Univariate analysis showed that Fuhrman grade,number of metastatic organs and lymph node metastasis were the prognostic factors of PFS (P<0.05),while the number of metastatic organs,lymph node metastasis and CA9 expression were the prognostic factors of OS (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that Fuhrman grade was an independent factor of PFS (HR=2.457,95%CI:1.126-5.365,P=0.024),and the number of metastatic organs was an independent prognostic factor of OS (HR=1.857,95%CI:1.048-3.290,P=0.034). Survival analysis in subgroups showed that high CA9 expression in the sorafenib group was associated with longer OS (HR=0.401,95%CI:0.204-0.787,P=0.008). 【Conclusion】 Low expression of CA9 is an non-independent risk factor for OS,while CD10 and CD133 cannot be used as prognostic factors for mccRCC patients. Since mccRCC patients with low CA9 expression have less survival benefit from sorafenib and sunitinib,they can choose target therapy combined with immunotherapy or dual immunotherapy according to the guidelines to improve prognosis.

Puerarin reduces intracellular Ca2+ concentration and upregulates BDNF to protect hippocampal neurons in vascular dementia rats / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To observe the effect of puerarin on the concentration of Ca2+ and the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hippocampal neurons of vascular dementia (VD) rats so as to explore the mechanism of puerarin in protecting nerve cells. 【Methods】 Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, and puerarin intervention group. The vascular dementia model was established by ligating bilateral common carotid arteries at intervals of 3 days. Two weeks after the operation, the learning and memory abilities of the rats were evaluated by Morris water maze, and the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus of the rats was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The mean fluorescence intensity was measured by flow cytometry to represent the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration. 【Results】 In the puerarin intervention group, the rats’ escape latency in Morris water maze was significantly shortened, the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus was significantly increased, and the concentration of Ca2+ in hippocampal neurons was decreased. Compared with the model group, the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Puerarin has neuroprotective effect on VD rats, and its mechanism may be related to the decrease of Ca2+ concentration in hippocampal neurons and the up-regulation of BDNF expression.

Views on the Current Diagnosis and Treatment of PIK3CA-Related Overgrowth Spectrum / 罕见病研究

PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS) is a rare condition characterized by disproportionate overgrowth of head, neck, trunk, or extremity, caused by PIK3CA gene mutation. This condition has negative impact on the physical appearance, functions, and psychosocial well-being of the patients. The condition causes social and economic burden, too. The gold standard for the diagnosis of PROS is the genetic testing using somatic tissue, but detecting low-level mosaic mutations of PIK3CA gene remains a challenge. There is no specific treatment now. Supportive management including surgery and other interventions have limited effects in improving cosmetic outcome and functions. Multidisciplinary collaboration is the key to the success of managing PROS. Targeted gene therapy is promising in improving the outcome for patients with severe PROS. Patients diagnosed with negative genetics test by the clinical measures are often ineligible for novel gene therapy. This article reviews the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatments of PROS, aiming to improve the current understanding of this rare condition.

Calcium/Calmodulin Mediates Cardiomyocyte Ferroptosis in Myocardial Infarction Through Iron Overload / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Myocardial infarction(MI), an acute coronary syndrome that poses a serious risk to human health, involves multiple pathophysiological processes, including calcium overload. Existing therapeutic approaches and preventive measures have limitations and cannot effectively repair myocardial cells with poor regenerative potential. Exploring multiple programmed modes of cardiomyocyte death could help find potential targets for the treatment of myocardial infarction, and the potential role of ferroptosis as a novel mode of cell death in myocardial infarction has attracted great attention. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Ca

Study on molecular mechanism of Jichuanjian improving Yang deficiency constipation based on Ca / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of JiChuanjian(JCJ)on the Yang deficiency constipation based on Ca

Translocation of IGF-1R in endoplasmic reticulum enhances SERCA2 activity to trigger Ca2+ER perturbation in hepatocellular carcinoma

The well-known insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)/IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling pathway is overexpressed in many tumors, and is thus an attractive target for cancer treatment. However, results have often been disappointing due to crosstalk with other signals. Here, we report that IGF-1R signaling stimulates the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells through the translocation of IGF-1R into the ER to enhance sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) activity. In response to ligand binding, IGF-1Rβ is translocated into the ER by β-arrestin2 (β-arr2). Mass spectrometry analysis identified SERCA2 as a target of ER IGF-1Rβ. SERCA2 activity is heavily dependent on the increase in ER IGF-1Rβ levels. ER IGF-1Rβ phosphorylates SERCA2 on Tyr990 to enhance its activity. Mutation of SERCA2-Tyr990 disrupted the interaction of ER IGF-1Rβ with SERCA2, and therefore ER IGF-1Rβ failed to promote SERCA2 activity. The enhancement of SERCA2 activity triggered Ca2+ER perturbation, leading to an increase in autophagy. Thapsigargin blocked the interaction between SERCA2 and ER IGF-1Rβ and therefore SERCA2 activity, resulting in inhibition of HCC growth. In conclusion, the translocation of IGF-1R into the ER triggers Ca2+ER perturbation by enhancing SERCA2 activity through phosphorylating Tyr990 in HCC.

Berberine alleviates myocardial diastolic dysfunction by modulating Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and Ca2+ homeostasis in a murine model of HFpEF / 医学前沿

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) displays normal or near-normal left ventricular ejection fraction, diastolic dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, and poor exercise capacity. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, possesses cardiovascular benefits. Adult male mice were assigned to chow or high-fat diet with L-NAME ("two-hit" model) for 15 weeks. Diastolic function was assessed using echocardiography and noninvasive Doppler technique. Myocardial morphology, mitochondrial ultrastructure, and cardiomyocyte mechanical properties were evaluated. Proteomics analysis, autophagic flux, and intracellular Ca2+ were also assessed in chow and HFpEF mice. The results show exercise intolerance and cardiac diastolic dysfunction in "two-hit"-induced HFpEF model, in which unfavorable geometric changes such as increased cell size, interstitial fibrosis, and mitochondrial swelling occurred in the myocardium. Diastolic dysfunction was indicated by the elevated E value, mitral E/A ratio, and E/e' ratio, decreased e' value and maximal velocity of re-lengthening (-dL/dt), and prolonged re-lengthening in HFpEF mice. The effects of these processes were alleviated by berberine. Moreover, berberine ameliorated autophagic flux, alleviated Drp1 mitochondrial localization, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and fragmentation, and promoted intracellular Ca2+ reuptake into sarcoplasmic reticulum by regulating phospholamban and SERCA2a. Finally, berberine alleviated diastolic dysfunction in "two-hit" diet-induced HFpEF model possibly because of the promotion of autophagic flux, inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation, and cytosolic Ca2+ overload.

Establishment of national reference panel for coxsackievirus A16 nucleic acid detection kit / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#ObjectiveTo establish the national reference panel for coxsackievirus A16(CA16)nucleic acid detection kit and related quality standard.MethodsThe CA16 positive and negative samples were collected and screened,and then were filled and lyophilized to establish the national reference panel for CA16 nucleic acid detection kit. According to the cooperative calibration results of various reagent manufacturers,the quality standard of reference panel was determined.Meanwhile,the homogeneity and stability of the national reference panel were well studied.ResultsThe national reference panel of CA16 nucleic acid detection kit consisted of 9 positive samples,8 negative samples,1 limit-detecting sample and1 precision sample. The quality standard was as follows:the coincidence rate of positive samples was no less than 8/9;The coincidence rate of negative samples was 8/8;The minimum detection limit required that the dilution of limit-detecting sample was no less than 1∶103;The precision required that the coefficient of variation(CV)of Ct value of 10 precision samples diluted 100 times was no higher than 5% and the results were all positive. The homogeneity of the reference panel met the requirement,and the stability was not affected by the storage at room temperature(25 ℃)for 24 hours and repeated freezing and thawing three times.ConclusionThe first national reference panel of CA16 nucleic acid detection kit and the related quality standard have been established,which provided a reference for the quality control and evaluation of the related reagents.