Resultados de superación sobre liderazgo en salud dirigida a cuadros y reservas de atención primaria

Introducción: la superación profesional es ineludible para la actualización sistemática de los directivos del nivel primario, que requieren el despliegue de un liderazgo transformador conforme a las exigencias del contexto. Objetivo: exponer los resultados de la superación sobre liderazgo en salud dirigida a cuadros y reservas de atención primaria en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Bayamo. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal de febrero a julio 2022 con 23 cuadros y reservas de la atención primaria. Se emplearon métodos teóricos de análisis- síntesis, histórico-lógico, empíricos y estadísticos que incluyeron la aplicación de un cuestionario, frecuencias absolutas y relativas así como la prueba de Wilcoxon con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino, los jefes de departamentos y de grupos básicos de trabajo. En la necesidad de los temas abordados se destacaron la comunicación directiva reportado Muy adecuado por 78,3% de los cursistas, las habilidades gerenciales y la gestión académica integrada al liderazgo. La aplicación combinada de métodos priorizando los problémicos mostró el mayor número de criterios Muy adecuados acerca del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se generaron propuestas de acciones transformadoras en áreas como la atención materno-infantil y la salud mental. El 82,6% de los cursistas alcanzó evaluaciones excelentes. Se evidenció una transformación significativa (p=0,000) de las consideraciones obtenidas respecto al desarrollo teórico-práctico del liderazgo en beneficio de la superación realizada. Conclusiones: los resultados mostraron la necesidad de continuar perfeccionando y sistematizando los procesos de superación contextualizados al desarrollo del liderazgo en la atención primaria.

Introduction: professional improvement is unavoidable for the systematic updating of primary level managers, who require the deployment of transformative leadership in accordance with the demands of the context. Objective: to present the results of the improvement on leadership in health directed to cadres and reserves of primary care in the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Bayamo. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out from February to July 2022 with 23 cadres and reserves from primary care. Theoretical analysis-synthesis, historical-logical, empirical and statistical methods were used, which included the application of a questionnaire, absolute and relative frequencies, as well as the Wilcoxon test with a confidence level of 95%.. Results: the female sex, heads of departments and basic work groups predominated. In the need for the topics addressed, management communication reported Very Adequate by 78.3% of the students; managerial skills and academic management integrated into leadership were highlighted. The combined application of methods prioritizing the problematic showed the highest number of criteria Very adequate about the teaching-learning process. Proposals for transformative actions were generated in areas such as maternal and child care and mental health. 82.6% of the students achieved excellent evaluations. A significant transformation (p=0.000) of the considerations obtained regarding the theoretical-practical development of leadership was evidenced for the benefit of the improvement carried out. Conclusions: the results showed the need to continue improving and systematizing the processes of improvement contextualized to the development of leadership in primary care.

Introdução: o aprimoramento profissional é inevitável para a atualização sistemática dos gestores do nível primário, que requerem o desdobramento de lideranças transformadoras de acordo com as demandas do contexto. Objetivo: apresentar os resultados do aprimoramento da liderança em saúde voltada para quadros e reservas da atenção primária na Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Bayamo. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado de fevereiro a julho de 2022 com 23 servidores e reservas da atenção básica. Foram utilizados métodos teóricos de análise-síntese, histórico-lógicos, empíricos e estatísticos, que incluíram a aplicação de questionário, frequências absolutas e relativas, além do teste de Wilcoxon, com nível de confiança de 95%. Resultados: predominaram mulheres, chefes de departamentos e grupos de trabalho básico. Na necessidade dos temas abordados, destacou-se a comunicação gerencial relatada como muito adequada por 78,3% dos estudantes, destacando-se as habilidades gerenciais e a gestão acadêmica integrada à liderança. A aplicação combinada de métodos priorizando os problemas mostrou o maior número de critérios bastante adequados sobre o processo ensino-aprendizagem. Foram geradas propostas de ações transformadoras em áreas como assistência materno-infantil e saúde mental. 82,6% dos estagiários obtiveram avaliações excelentes. Evidenciou-se transformação significativa (p=0,000) das considerações obtidas quanto ao desenvolvimento teórico-prático da liderança em benefício do aprimoramento realizado. Conclusões: os resultados mostraram a necessidade de continuar aperfeiçoando e sistematizando os processos de melhoria contextualizados ao desenvolvimento da liderança na atenção básica.

Implementation of assistance for one pregnant woman one cadre (OPOC) in Banjarnegara District, Central Java Province, Indonesia

The high maternal mortality rate caused by late detection of risk factors for pregnant women is a major health problem in Banjarnegara District. One of the efforts made to overcome this problem is the implementation of assistance for one pregnant woman by one cadre (OPOC). The application of OPOC consists of four mentoring activities, namely reminders about antenatal care schedule, detecting risk factors, monitoring fetal movements, and carrying out delivery planning and handling complications.Therefore, this study aims to describe the implementation of OPOC as well as to evaluate cadres' performance in Banjarnegara District. A quantitative cross-sectional design was used, where a total of 200 cadres were selected as respondents using a representative purposive sampling method. The results showed that reminding mothers about their antenatal care schedule,detecting risk factors, monitoring of fetal health through movements, and making commitments for birth planning and complications prevention were carried out by 199 (99.49%), 129 (64.84%), 138 (69.05%), and 159 (79.42%) respondents, respectively. More than 92% of them know their duties and responsibilities as companions for pregnant women, but only 28% have knowledge about the benefits of assisting. Furthermore, 93% often carry out OPOC assistance. The knowledge of cadres about OPOC assistance was good, but some of them are not knowledgeable about its benefits. These findings show that they need guidance, training, and motivation from public health centers. (Afr J Reprod Health 2022; 26[7]: 83-89).

Relationship between mental health status and coping styles among village poverty alleviation cadres in Leshan City / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between mental health status and coping styles among village poverty alleviation cadres in Leshan City， and to provide references for the improvement of mental health and coping styles of them. MethodsA cluster random sampling method was used to select 6 of the 11 districts and counties in Leshan City， and all the village poverty alleviation cadres in the selected areas were evaluated through the psychological cloud CT system. A total of 700 cadres participated in the questionnaire evaluation， and were assessed using Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90） and Coping Style Questionnaire （CSQ）. Results①A total of 207 （35.9%） village poverty alleviation cadres factor scored above 2， and 92 （15.9%） cadres scored above 200. ②There was a statistically significant difference in SCL-90 obsessive-compulsive symptom factor score and other factor score between different poverty alleviation time groups （P<0.05 or 0.01）， and the factor score of SCL-90 obsessive-compulsive symptom showed significant difference among village poverty-alleviation cadres of different genders （P<0.05）. ③The scores of problem-solving factor in CSQ showed significant differences among village poverty alleviation cadres of different genders and different ages （P<0.01）. ④Correlation analysis showed that the scores of each dimension and total score of SCL-90 of village poverty alleviation cadres in Leshan City were positively correlated with the score of self-blame factor in CSQ （r=0.423~0.521， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe village poverty alleviation cadres of female and with a working length of less than 90 days or more than 360 days are at high risk of obsessive-compulsive symptoms， while the cadres of male and aged over 41 years adopt mature coping styles. Furthermore， the immature coping style of cadres will lead to serious mental health problems.

The effectiveness education of counseling of infant and young child feeding as intensive to improve counseling performance of Posyandu cadres in Bogor, Indonesia

Background: Cadres have an essential role in providing counseling in integrated health service post (Posyandu). Poor capacity cadres may affect information delivery to the mothers/caregivers of under-five children. This study aimed is to assess the effect education of counseling of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) as intensive on the performance of the cadres in providing IYCF counseling.Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-post test controlled group. The subjects were 55 Posyandu cadres in Ciomas sub-district Bogor. The intervention was training for cadres using education of counseling of IYCF as intensive carried out in the classroom and the field. Data on knowledge, attitude, motivation and counseling performance of cadres before and after the training were collected using a validated structured questionnaire. The paired and independent T-test was applied to analyze the difference before and after the intervention, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied to analyze the factors that influence cadre counseling performance.Results: Mean score of knowledge (p=0.00), attitude (p=0.00), motivation (p=0.04), and counseling performance (p=0.00) of cadres in intervention group significantly increased. There is an increase in the score of performance counseling indicators for cadre in the quantity and quality after the education of counseling of IYCF as intensive. All of the indicators of the counseling performance of cadres influenced by educational models, knowledge, attitudes and attended training (p<0.05).Conclusions: Training of cadres using the education of counseling of IYCF as intensive effectively improved the knowledge, attitude, motivation and counseling performance of IYCF practice with indicators of quantity, quality, concern, and character. The capacity building of the cadres should improve continuously through the development of various methods which are more specific and applicable.

A study on the mental health of Tibetan assistant cadres exposed to high altitude / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To study the effects of altitude exposure and altitude exposure on mental health of Tibetan cadres.@*Methods@#105 cadres in Tibet were selected as the research objects. Among them, 74 cadres in Shannan and Lhasa of Tibet (average altitude 3 680 m), 31 in Shigaze and Ali (above 3 800 m) and 14 in Ali (above 4 300 m) were selected. Using Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Ascension Insomnia Scale (AIS), 105 Tibetan aid cadres were tested by SAS, SDS, AIS and SCL-90 one week after entering Tibet and one week before leaving the plateau. The scores were collected and the mental health and sleep status of Tibetan aid workers were measured.@*Results@#The number of positive items of SCL-90 of 105 Tibetan cadres increased from (13.21±9.05) one week after entering Tibet to (38.35±18.84) one week before leaving Tibet. SAS, SDS and AIS also increased from (25.49±5.19), (26.41±5.15), (5.16±3.54) points one week after entering Tibet to (36.78±7.53), (41.42±9.15), (8.71±4.64) points one week before leaving Tibet. The difference was significant in the last week (Z = 8.420, 8.689, 6.277, P<0.01). The correlation analysis between SCL-90 and SAS, SDS and AIS showed that SCL-90 was positively correlated with SAS, SDS and AIS scores (r = 0.651, 0.616, 0.356, P<0.01). Different altitudes have an effect on the mental health of Tibetan aid cadres. The paranoid item scores of Tibetan aid cadres with altitude>4 300 m in SCL-90 were (1.68 ± 0.50) points, which were higher than those of Tibetan aid cadres with altitude<4 300 m (1.24±0.28) points and (1.40± 0.38) points. The difference was statistically significant (F=5.255, P=0.007); The SDS scores of Tibetan aid cadres with altitude>4 300 m were (46.64 ± 7.24) points, which were higher than those of Tibetan aid cadres with altitude<4 300 m (40.76 ± 8.99) points and (40.58 ± 8.28) points. The difference was statistically significant (F=3.223, P=0.044).@*Conclusion@#Exposure to high altitude affects the mental health of cadres assisting Tibet to varying degrees. The mental health of cadres assisting Tibet deserves attention.

A study on the mental health of Tibetan assistant cadres exposed to high altitude / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To study the effects of altitude exposure and altitude exposure on mental health of Tibetan cadres. Methods 105 cadres in Tibet were selected as the research objects. Among them, 74 cadres in Shannan and Lhasa of Tibet (average altitude 3 680 m), 31 in Shigaze and Ali (above 3 800 m) and 14 in Ali (above 4 300 m) were selected. Using Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Ascension Insomnia Scale (AIS), 105 Tibetan aid cadres were tested by SAS, SDS, AIS and SCL-90 one week after entering Tibet and one week before leaving the plateau. The scores were collected and the mental health and sleep status of Tibetan aid workers were measured. Results The number of positive items of SCL-90 of 105 Tibetan cadres increased from (13.21±9.05) one week after entering Tibet to (38.35±18.84) one week before leaving Tibet. SAS, SDS and AIS also increased from (25.49 ± 5.19), (26.41 ± 5.15), (5.16 ± 3.54) points one week after entering Tibet to (36.78 ± 7.53), (41.42 ± 9.15), (8.71 ± 4.64) points one week before leaving Tibet. The difference was significant in the last week (Z = 8.420, 8.689, 6.277, P<0.01). The correlation analysis between SCL-90 and SAS, SDS and AIS showed that SCL-90 was positively correlated with SAS, SDS and AIS scores (r=0.651, 0.616, 0.356, P<0.01). Different altitudes have an effect on the mental health of Tibetan aid cadres. The paranoid item scores of Tibetan aid cadres with altitude＞4 300 m in SCL-90 were (1.68 ±0.50) points, which were higher than those of Tibetan aid cadres with altitude<4 300 m (1.24 ± 0.28) points and (1.40± 0.38) points. The difference was statistically significant (F=5.255, P=0.007); The SDS scores of Tibetan aid cadres with altitude＞4 300 m were (46.64 ± 7.24) points, which were higher than those of Tibetan aid cadres with altitude<4 300 m (40.76± 8.99) points and (40.58± 8.28) points. The difference was statistically significant (F=3.223, P=0.044). Conclusion Exposure to high altitude affects the mental health of cadres assisting Tibet to varying degrees. The mental health of cadres assisting Tibet deserves attention.

Representaciones socioculturales de género y la promoción de cuadros en el sector de la salud, 2013-2016 / Socio-cultural gender representations and promotion of cadres in the health care sector, 2013-2016

Las representaciones de género vinculadas a procesos de promoción a cargos de dirección, son expresión de contradicciones diarias desde la incorporación de las mujeres a espacios gerenciales; revelan la visión histórica sobre los roles socialmente asignados a ambos sexos. Objetivo: Identificar las representaciones socioculturales de los cuadros e investigadores/as, en relación con los requisitos que se tienen en cuenta en los procesos de promoción. Métodos: Investigación con enfoque mixto -2013 hasta 2016-, basada fundamentalmente en el paradigma cualitativo, en tres grupos de trabajo; se utilizó la revisión documental, entrevistas y cuestionarios para recoger la información, se conformaron bases de datos, se realizó el análisis descriptivo a través de distribuciones de frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. Los datos cualitativos se examinaron por medio del análisis de contenido y del método inductivo deductivo. Resultados: Los requerimientos para ser seleccionados como cuadros están definidos en documentos legales. La formación técnica-profesional, experiencia, trayectoria laboral y el reconocimiento del desempeño en cargos anteriores, son requisitos considerados más frecuentes, que casi siempre se tienen en cuenta en la promoción. En los discursos de los cuadros se perciben otros requisitos que definen la selección. Conclusiones: Los requisitos en mujeres y hombres para promover como cuadros son iguales, al estar legalmente vigentes en el país, pero en los discursos se refleja influencia de las culturas sociales e institucionales en la promoción. En hombres, las representaciones estuvieron asociadas a responsabilidades de las mujeres con la atención a hijos y no con el reconocimiento a una cultura androcéntrica, como lo hacen las féminas(AU)

Gender representations linked to processes of promotion to management posts express daily contradictions since the incorporation of women to management environments and reveal the historical vision on the roles that are socially assigned to both sexes. Objective: To identify the socio-cultural representations of cadres and researchers with respect to requisites to be considered for promotion processes. Methods: Mixed research study -2013 until 2016- based on the qualitative paradigm of three working groups; document review, interviews and questionnaires were used to collect information; databases were created and a descriptive analysis was made through absolute frequencies distributions and percentages. The content analysis and the induction-deduction method served to analyze the qualitative data. Results: The requisites for selection of cadres are defined in legal documents. The technical and professional formation, experience, length of time at work and recognition of performance in previous posts are considered as the most common requisites that are almost always taken into account for the promotion of a person. In the cadres´ discourses, other requisites are perceived as defining ones for such selection. Conclusions: The requisites for women and men in terms of promotion of cadres are the same according to the present national legislation, but the discourses show the influence of social and institutional cultures on the promotion. In males, the representations are associated to the women´s responsibilities in child care rather than to acceptance of androcentric culture as females do(AU)

Effect of extension of nursing service on rehabilitation of the army retired officers with diabetes / 医学研究生学报

Objective Diabetes is a common chronic disease in the elderly and needs long-term treatment. This study aims to determine the effect of extended nursing service in rehabilitation of army retired officers with diabetes. Methods We selected 78 ca-ses of military retired officers with diabetes from September 2010 to September 2012 in Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region. According to the different intervention methods, patients were divided into experimental group and control group( n=39 cases) . The control group used conventional nursing service, and the experimental group added extended nursing service on the basis of the control group . After one year follow-up, the fasting blood glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbAlc) , self-rating depression scale (SDS) evaluation and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and the changes of patients′ satisfaction of the two groups were observed. Results The fasting blood glucose levels and HbAlc of experimental group were significantly better than control group, with statisticalsignificance (P<0.05);The SAS scores (34.9±5.9)and SDS scores (36.9±4.5) of experimental group were significantly lower than the control group(52.3±4.2 and 55.9±3.9), with statistical significance ( t=5.489, t=5.226, P<0.05);The satisfaction degree of the exper-imental group was significantly higher than the control group (99.8%vs 79.9%, χ2=4.898, P<0.05). Conclusion the extension ofnursing service in health rehabilitation in the retired veteran cadres in the army with diabetes can effectively improve the patient′s fast-ing blood glucose levels, reduce depression, as well as improving the nursing service satisfaction.

Sistema de trabajo con los cuadros directivos del Estado y Gobierno cubanos / Work system with the directive cadres of the Cuban State and Government

En este artículo se exponen las consideraciones relacionadas con la política de cuadros de dirección, aprobadas en la Primera Conferencia Nacional del Partido Comunista de Cuba. Además se analizan el sistema de trabajo con los cuadros directivos del Estado y del Gobierno cubanos y la vigencia de dicho tema a través del pensamiento de Raúl Castro Ruz. Finalmente se concluye con una frase de este líder de la Revolución, que resume todo el trabajo necesario a realizar con los cuadros para lograr mayores resultados, y que debe ser guía de acción para todos los dirigentes.

In this work the considerations related to the policy of direction cadres, approved in the First National Conference of the Cuban Communist Party are exposed. Besides, the work system with the directive cadres of the Cuban State and Government and the validity of this topic through Raúl Castro Ruz `s thought are analyzed. Finally it is concluded with a sentence of this Revolution leader that summarizes the whole necessary work to be carried out with the cadres to achieve higher results, and that should be action guide to all the leaders.

Design and Construction of the Network Platform for Electronic Health Records Management / 医学信息学杂志

The paper introduces the overall architecture,technique construction,functional modules and application effects of the system.Using the B/S mode,it designs and develops the network platform for the management of Electronic Health Records (EHR) of veteran cadres.This platform fills the gap in the informatization development in sanatoriums for retired cadres,and facilitates the provision of individualized medical service and health guarantee for veteran cadres.

Caracterización del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del diplomado en administración pública / Characterization of the teaching/learning process in the diploma's course on public administration

Introducción: la preparación y superación de cuadros y reservas se realiza acorde a las políticas del Partido Comunista de Cuba, del Estado y Gobierno. Desde 2012, la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública (ENSAP) comenzó a impartir el Diplomado en Administración Pública (DAP) a directivos de salud y de otros organismos. Objetivo: caracterizar el proceso de enseñanza- -aprendizaje (PEA) del DAP en la ENSAP. Métodos: se realizó estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de 8 ediciones del DAP, en las que se aplicó guía de evaluación a egresados, se resumieron informes finales de cada edición, se utilizó la técnica anónima del PNI (positivo, negativo e interesante) y la apreciación de estudiantes sobre el PEA. La información numérica se resumió en frecuencias absolutas y porcientos. Resultados: han egresado 185 cuadros, pertenecientes a seis ministerios y periodistas. El 62,2 por ciento respondió la guía de evaluación y los temas más destacados fueron los relacionados con el sistema político y funcionamiento del estado cubano, la constitución y el ordenamiento jurídico, el reordenamiento jurídico laboral y derecho penal. Hubo correspondencia entre necesidades de aprendizaje y las áreas del conocimiento impartidas, y entre la satisfacción y el nivel de conocimientos alcanzados por los egresados. Los resultados de los PNI reconocen la actualización de temas y bibliografía, la calidad del claustro docente y la diversidad de experiencias adquiridas por del intercambio entre cuadros de diferentes organismos. Como negativos predominó el poco tiempo para realizar el trabajo final y tareas. Conclusiones: el DAP tuvo impacto positivo sobre las esferas exploradas en las ediciones desarrolladas.

Introduction: the preparation and upgrading of cadres and substitutes are performed in line with the Communist Party of Cuba's policies and with those of the state and government. Since 2012, the National School of Public Health of Cuba began offering a Diploma's course on Public Administration to the health care managers and to those managing staffs of other bodies. Objective: to characterize the teaching/learning process of the diploma's course on public administration in the National School of Public Health (ENSAP). Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study of eight previous courses was made. The evaluation guideline for graduates was applied, the final reports of each course were summarized, the anonymous technique of PNI (positive, negative and interesting) and the opinions of the students about the above-mentioned process were used. The statistical information were given in absolute frequencies and percentages. Results: one hundred and eighty five cadres from six ministries and journalists graduated. In the study, 62.2percent answered the evaluation guide and the most outstanding topics were those related to the political system and the functioning of the Cuban state, the constitution of the republic and the legal order, the legal work reordering as well as the criminal law. There was agreement between the learning requirements and the taught areas of knowledge, and the level of satisfaction with the level of knowledge acquired by the graduates. The results of the PNI recognize the update of topics and literature, the quality of the faculty and the diverse experiences discussed in the exchange between cadres from several bodies. The negative aspects were little time to make the final paper and the homework. Conclusions: the diploma's course on public administration had positive impact on the explored areas in the previous courses.

Impacto del entrenamiento a equipos de dirección en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba / Impact of training management teams in Santiago de Cuba province

Introducción: el entrenamiento es una figura académica del posgrado, utilizada en el sistema de preparación y superación de los directivos. Objetivo: evaluar el impacto del entrenamiento a equipos de dirección de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, luego de 2 años de realizado. Métodos: se realizó una investigación en sistemas y servicios de salud, cuya muestra se seleccionó por conveniencia y consistió en 120 cuadros y reservas, quienes cursaron el entrenamiento y se mantenían en el cargo o fueron promovidos a otro durante ese período. A tales efectos se utilizó la metodología establecida por la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública, y se trazaron criterios, indicadores y estándares a partir de las temáticas de algunas habilidades que fueron impartidas en el entrenamiento. Asimismo se aplicaron encuestas a los entrenados y a sus colaboradores y se efectuó una revisión documental. Resultados: en la serie predominaron los directivos del grupo etario de 41-55 años y del sexo femenino; de igual modo, más de la tercera parte de los directivos presentaban de 1-3 años en el cargo y otra cantidad similar, más de 6 años. Los médicos representaron la profesión más frecuente (46,0 %), cuya mayoría (60,0 %) provenía de la reserva o había sido promovida de otros cargos. Al triangular los datos, el criterio "reunión", con los subcriterios "tiempo de duración", "el no nombramiento de un facilitador" y "la presencia del directivo no era necesaria", fueron los de mayor desviación con el estándar trazado. Conclusiones: la evaluación resultó inadecuada, pues 82,6 % de los criterios y 81,1 % de los subcriterios obtuvieron calificación de inadecuada.

Introduction: training is an academic element of postdegree, used in the preparation and training system for cadres. Objective: to evaluate the impact from the training management teams from Santiago de Cuba province, after 2 years. Methods: an investigation in systems and services of health was carried out whose sample was selected by convenience and it consisted on 120 cadres and substitutes who studied the training and they stayed in their responsabilities or they were promoted to another one during that period. For this purpose, the methodology established by the National School of Public Health was used, and criteria, indicators and standards were traced based on the thematic of some skills that were delivered during training. Also surveys were applied those trained and to their collaborators and a literature review was carried out. Results: in the series, cadres of the group 41-55 years and female sex prevailed; in the same way, more than the third part of the cadres had of 1-3 years in the responsability and other similar quantity, more than 6 years. The doctors represented the most frequent profession (46.0%), whose majority (60.0%) came from the substitutes or had been promoted from other responsability. When triangulating data, the criterium "meeting", with the subcriterium "duration time", "the non designation of a facilitator" and "the cadres presence was not necessary", were those of greater deviation with the standard. Conclusions: the evaluation was inadequate, because 82.6% of the criteria and 81.1% of the subcriteria obtained qualification of inadequate.

"Analysis of ""one-card""mode for division-level cadres hospitalized at military hospitals" / 军事医学

Objective To analyze the feasibility of theone-cardmode for division-level cadres hospitalized at military hospitals, and to provide reference for application of this mode to cadres under the regimental level who are hospitalized at military hospitals.Methods A 4-month pilot project was carried out among division-level cadres in Lanzhou, Jinan, Nanjing and Chengdu.Data collection and statistical analysis were conducted through the monitoring platform established in the administrative section.Results Division-level cadres outside the system mostly chose division-level hospitals.Patients thended to be hospitalized at nearby or high-quality hospitals mainly due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and malignant tumor.Accommodation was not difficult.Conclusion The one-cardmode is feasible at military hospitals for division-level cadres, but the current system of initial diagnosis at basic medical institutions should be maintained.An information sharing platform of electronic medical records should be built to implement inter-hospital linking and sharing of diagnosis and treatment information.A budget subsidy mechanism should be established to normalize hospitalization.

Analysis of sleep quality and its relationship with mental health among young army cadres / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To explore sleep quality and related psychological factors among young army cadres to provide theoretical basis for health interventions. Method A total of 1 100 young army cadres aged 18 to 34 were assessed with Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale by cluster random sampling. Based on CES-C scores, cadres were divided into two groups named depression group and non-depression group;850 sergeants were served as the control group. T test, chi-square test and multiple regressions were used in data analysis. Result Sleep problems were found in 13.5% of the cadres and 12.1% sergeants. General status of sleep quality of cadres was worse than sergeants' and norm's. Exercise less, physical disease and psychological problems were the risk factors. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that depression factors of SCL-90 had the most significantly predictive effect on sleep quality (r=0.552, Beta=0.387), followed by somatization (r=0.552, Beta=0.223), two factors could explain 32.7% of PSQI scores variation. Correlation analysis showed that depression is closely related to subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep disorder and daytime dysfunction (all r>0.3). Cadres' depression (11.11 ± 6.62) was significantly lower than norm's (12.30 ± 10.39) and higher than sergeants'(8.11 ± 6.56). PSQI scores of depression group (6.05 ± 3.13) were significantly higher than non-depression group's (3.56 ± 2.69) and norm's (3.23 ± 3.12). Conclusion Depression is a major correlation factor of the sleep quality. Regular exercise, improvement of the physical and psychological health quality, and reducing depression are effective ways to improve sleep quality.

Study on Countermeasures to Managing Shuangjiantiao(Double Duties) Cadres in TCM Colleges / 浙江中医药大学学报

Objective To analyse the problems and reasons in the management of Shuangjiantiao cadres in TCM col eges, put forward scientific management countermeasures and suggestion. [Method] Through documentary study, individual interview and questionnaire, understand the current situation and problems of Shuangjiantiao cadres in TCM col eges. [Result] The problems in management of the said cadres are: not very reasonable post distribution, not very scientific post evaluation, not very fair post treatment and not enough post efficacies. The analysis shows the main reasons are: single subject and specialty, smal schooling scale, not enough recognition to thought and lagging team construction. [Conclusion] To improve the scientific level to the said cadres management, we shal strengthen plan and design, optimize configuration mode, insist on person fitting to post, improve competence, perfect stimulating system, improve post efficacy, pay attention to education and training and improve team qualification.

Developing a Public Health Cadre in 21st Century India: Addressing Gaps in Technical, Administrative and Social Dimensions of Public Health Services.

This paper presents a possible framework for designing a public health cadre in the present context, with lessons from health services development of the last six decades. Three major gaps that the public health cadre is meant to bridge have been identifi ed. These are capacities within the system to address the technical requirements (epidemiological and health systems analysis); administrative/managerial dimensions; and the social determinants of health. Therefore, it argues that the cadre must not only have a techno-managerial structure, but also create a specifi c sub-cadre for the social determinants of health.

The development of stress scale for cadres of Chinese people's armed police forces / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To develop cadres' stress scale for the Chinese people' s armed police forces.Methods Based on the stress theory and principles of the psychometrics,combined with characteristics of armed police forces. The cadres' stress scale was developed by ourselves. 802 cadres were evaluated as samples and statistic the data by item analysis ,factor analysis, reliability and valid analysis. Results The scale included four dimensions: task stress, economy stress, interpersonal stress and development stress. The internal consistency reliability was 0.893 ,the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.812. Retest reliability coefficient was 0.813. The criterion related validity to the stress scale and SCL-90 was good and the correlation coefficient with somatization, anxiety,depression, interpersonal sensitivity was 0. 376,0. 383,0. 396,0. 387 individually (P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Cadres stress scale for cadres of Chinese people's armed police forces has good reliability and validity.

Analysis of psychological pressure of nurses in wards of retired cadres and application effect of incentive mechanism / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To understand psychological pressure of nurses in wards of retired cadres,eatablish incentive mechanism accordingly and further improve nursing quality. Methods Incentive mechanism was applied to nurses in wards of retired cadres to settle their psychological pressure. Results After application of incentive mechanism,14 nurses and 1 nursing worker showed placid psychological state,keep forging ahead actively.Nursing quality of the wards increased. Conclusion Application of incentive mechanism can effectively alleviate psychological pressure of nurses.

Antibiotic Resistance of Pathogens Isolated from Aged People in Medical Department for Senior Cadres′ / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To monitor the bacterial distribution and the drug resistance among elderly patients in Medical depariment for senior cadres′ of our hospital,and offer the reference for the clinical use of antibiotics therapy.METHODS From Jan 2006 to Dec 2007 1230 pathogen strains isolated from the elderly patients and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested.RESULTS Of 1230 pathogen strains isolated,747 strains were Gram-negative bacilli,310 strains were Gram-positive cocci,and 173 strains were fungi.The percentage of these three groups were 60.7%,25.2% and 14.1%,respectively.The major strain of fungi was Candida albicans.ESBLs producing rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 48.0% and 35.8%,respectively. Meticillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and coagulase negative Staphylococcus(MRCNS) accounted for 65.0% and 77.8%,respectively.VRE were 17.7%.In our data,no vancomycin-resistant Staphlococcus was isolated.Pathogenic bacteria were higher resistant to the commonly used antibiotics.The Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to imipenem,meropenem,antibiotics combined with ?-lactamases inhibitor,and amikacin.The Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin.CONCLUSIONS The major pathogens infected the elderly patients in Medical department for senior cadres′ are Gram-negative bacteria,and the pathogens show the high drug resistance.The result of antimicrobial susceptibility test can guide to cure and control infection of elderly patients effectively.