Application of standardized patient teaching based on Calgary-Cambridge communication model in nurse patient communication training for junior college interns / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of applying standardized patient teaching based on Calgary-Cambridge communication model in nurse patient communication training for junior college interns, and to enrich the teaching methods of nurse patient communication training in domestic medical institutions.Methods:This study was a quasi-experimental study. In July 2022, 78 students were selected from 335 junior college interns in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University by random coding method, and were randomly divided into the experimental group (39 students) and the control group (39 students) by lot. The control group received routine training. The experimental group received standardized patient teaching based on Calgary Cambridge communication model: teaching the key points of communication, guiding demonstration based on Calgary Cambridge communication model, and guiding reflection and exploration. The nurse patient communication ability, nurse patient communication practice skills, communication self-efficacy, and teaching satisfaction of the two groups of interns were compared between the two groups after 8 weeks of training.Results:After training, the total score of nurse patient communication ability evaluation in the experimental group was (91.41 ± 5.35) points, higher than that in the control group (88.08 ± 7.40) points, there was significant difference ( t=2.24, P<0.05); after training, the communication self-efficacy score of the experimental group was (30.21 ± 4.28) points, higher than that of the control group (27.94 ± 5.09) points, there was significant difference ( t=2.09, P<0.05); the total score of communication practice skills in the experimental group was (173.59 ± 18.48) points, higher than that in the control group (158.44 ± 15.57) points, there was significant difference ( t=3.82, P<0.05); the total score of communication teaching and training satisfaction in the experimental group was (16.77 ± 2.94) points, higher than that in the control group (15.22 ± 1.90) points, and there was significant difference ( t=2.68, P<0.05). Conclusions:The standardized patient teaching based on Calgary Cambridge communication model can effectively improve the practical skills of nurse patient communication of junior college interns, and promote the improvement of their nurse patient communication self-efficacy, which is conducive to the improvement of nurse patient communication ability junior college intern.

Strachey antes de Freud / Strachey before Freud / Strachey antes de Freud / Strachey avant Freud

A autora discorre sobre trajetória de James Strachey antes da Standard Edition. Encadeia alguns acontecimentos da vida do jovem Strachey recolhidos da variada e esparsa literatura que o menciona. O texto aborda a sexualidade e o ambiente da época.

The author writes about James Strachey's trajectory before the Standard Edition. She connects some events in the life of young Strachey drawn from the miscellaneous and scattered literature that mentions him. The text addresses sexuality and the ambiance of that period.

La autora escribe sobre la trayectoria de James Strachey antes de la Standard Edition. Enlaza algunos acontecimientos de la vida del joven Strachey recopilados de la variada y dispersa literatura que lo menciona. El texto aborda la sexualidad y el escenario de la época.

L'autrice raconte la trajectoire de James Strachey avant la Standard Edition. Elle retrace quelques évènements de la vie du jeune Strachey recueillis de la variée et parsemée littérature qui lui fait mention. Le texte traite de la sexualité et de l'ambiance de l'époque.

Management of biomedical research at the university of cambridge: Implications for China / 中华医学科研管理杂志

In China,the Chinese scientist TU Youyou,winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine and her findings of artemisinin discovered during the 1970s triggered a lot of discussion on developing a biomedical research management strategy in the new era.Traditional management has faced many challenges in the era of Big Science.The University of Cambridge has remarkable achievements in biomedical research and set up an effective management system.Based on the introduction and observations from Cambridge,this article proposes strategies for advancing research management in Chinese universities in our own context.

Tradução e adaptação cultural para o português brasileiro da Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale (Escala de Despersonalização de Cambridge) / Translation and cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of the Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale

RESUMO Objetivo Realizar a tradução e a adaptação cultural da Escala de Despersonalização de Cambridge (EDC) para o português brasileiro. Métodos Foi realizada a tradução da escala em duas versões, seguida por retrotradução por nativo de língua inglesa. Os itens da escala foram comparados e adaptados para o contexto brasileiro e, então, transformados em uma versão-teste, que foi aplicada em 30 participantes sem diagnóstico de transtorno psiquiátrico. Resultados A versão em português da EDC mostrou boa compreensibilidade. A maior parte dos participantes relatou experiências transitórias ligadas à despersonalização nos últimos seis meses (53,3% dos casos), incluindo a sensação de ser um observador externo de si mesmo (35%) e sensação de estar fora do corpo (10%). Conclusões O presente estudo confirma a alta frequência de experiências de despersonalização. Serão necessários estudos para verificação das propriedades psicométricas da escala.

ABSTRACT Objective To perform the translation and cultural adaptation of the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale (CDS) to Brazilian Portuguese. Methods The scale translation was performed in two versions, followed by back translation by a native English speaker. Scale items were compared and adapted to the Brazilian context, and then transformed into a test version, applied to 30 participants without diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Results The Portuguese version of the CDS showed good comprehensibility. Most participants reported depersonalization transient experiences over the last six months (53.3% of the cases), including feeling of being an outside observer of the self (35%) and feeling of being outside the body (10%). Conclusions The current study confirms the high frequency of depersonalization experiences. Further studies are needed to verify the psychometric properties of the scale.

Corpo e mente em questão: em busca da gênese dos sintomas psicossomáticos / The body and the mind in question: the quest for the genesis of the psychosomatic symptoms

A Psicossomática é uma rica área de investigação tanto em Psicanálise como em Medicina. Desde Freud, importantes psicanalistas, como W. R. Bion, D. W. Winnicott e J. McDougall, têm se dedicado a discutir os complexos fatores envolvidos na gênese e no tratamento dos sintomas nos quais o corpo e a mente se apresentam imbricados. Apresentamos aqui um modelo, originalmente proposto por G. E. Berrios e I. Marková (1995) para representar graficamente a origem e as vias de modificação para os sintomas mentais, que foi modificado para representar os sintomas psicossomáticos e suas possibilidades de transformação psicoterapêutica.

The Psychosomatics is a rich area of research both in Psychoanalysis as in medicine. Since Freud important psychoanalysts, such as W. R. Bion, D. W. Winnicott and J. McDougall, have been dedicated to discuss the complex factors involved in the genesis and treatment of symptoms where the body and the mind overlap and intertwine. We present a model originally proposed by G. E. Berrios and I. Marková (1995) intended to graphically represent the origin and modification pathways to mental symptoms, which has been modified to represent the psychosomatic symptoms and the possibilities of their psycho-therapeutic transformation.

Study on four polymorphs of bifendate based on X-ray crystallography

Bifendate, a synthetic anti-hepatitis drug, exhibits polycrystalline mode phenomena with 2 polymorphs reported (forms A and B). Single crystals of the known crystalline form B and 3 new crystallosolvates involving bifendate solvated with tetrahydrofuran (C), dioxane (D), and pyridine (E) in a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 were obtained and characterized by X-ray crystallography, thermal analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The differences in molecular conformation, intermolecular interaction and crystal packing arrangement for the four polymorphs were determined and the basis for the polymorphisms was investigated. The rotation of single bonds resulted in different orientations for the biphenyl, methyl ester and methoxyl groups. All guest solvent molecules interacted with the host molecule via an interesting intercalative mode along the [1 0 0] direction in the channel formed by the host molecules through weak aromatic stacking interactions or non-classical hydrogen bonds, of which the volume and planarity played an important role in the intercalation of the host with the guest. The incorporation of solvent-augmented rotation of the C-C bond of the biphenyl group had a striking effect on the host molecular conformation and contributed to the formation of bifendate polymorphs. Moreover, the simulated powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns for each form were calculated on the basis of the single-crystal data and proved to be unique. The single-crystal structures of the four crystalline forms are reported in this paper.

A Preliminary Validity Study of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery for the Assessment of Executive Function in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

OBJECTIVE: Although the executive function subtests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) have been used to assess cognitive function in diverse psychiatric illnesses, few studies have verified the validity of this battery for Korean psychiatric patients. Therefore, this preliminary study evaluated the construct and concurrent validity of the executive function subtests of the CANTAB for Korean psychiatric patients by comparing it with subtests of the Computerized Neuropsychological Test (CNT). METHODS: Three subtests of the CANTAB and three subtests of the CNT were administered to 36 patients diagnosed with either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Subtests of the CANTAB included the Intra/Extra-Dimensional Set Shift (IED), Stockings of Cambridge (SOC), and Spatial Working Memory (SWM). Differences between groups on each subtest as well as correlations between the subtests of the CANTAB and the CNT were assessed. RESULTS: The schizophrenia group performed significantly more poorly on the IED and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) compared with the bipolar disorder group. Additionally, correlation analyses revealed a significant correlation between the IED and the WCST; a positive correlation between the SOC and the Trail Making Test, Part B and the Stroop test; and a significant correlation between the SWM and the Stroop test. CONCLUSION: This study verified the construct and concurrent validity of the executive function subtests of the CANTAB for Korean psychiatric patients and suggests that the subtests of this battery would be useful and appropriate for assessing deficits in executive function in Korean clinical settings.

Reliability and Validity of Computerized Chinese Version of Cambridge Prospective Memory Test in Chronic Schizophrenia / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To explore the reliability and validity of the computerized Chinese version of Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (C-CAMPROMPT) for assessment of prospective memory (PM) in chronic schizophrenia patients. Methods 50 patients and 50 healthy controls formed the study sample. PM performance was measured with computerized C-CAMPROMPT, while the Wechsler Adult Memory Scale-Forth Edition (WMS-IV), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Category Fluency Test (CFT) were administered to assess logical memory (LM), visual representation (VR), executive function and processing speed. Results The test-retest reliability (0.981, P<0.001), split half reliability (0.627, P<0.001) and internal consistency reliability (0.742) of C-CAMPROMPT were satisfied. The scores of C-CAM-PROMPT and its subtest in schizophrenia were lower than that in healthy control (P<0.001). The performance of PM in patients with schizo-phrenia closely related to the scores of LM, VR, WCST-CC and CFT (r=0.34~0.89, P<0.05). The sensitivity (86%) and specificity (92%) of the scale were satisfied. Factor analysis extracted 2 factors. Conclusion The computerized C-CAMPROMPT shows a good reliability and validity for assessment of PM function in chronic schizophrenia, and is a sensitive, adaptable, stable instrument.

A Preliminary Comparative Study of Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery and Computerized Neuropsychological Test in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the concurrent validity of attention and memory subtests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) through their correlations with the subtests of the Computerized Neuropsychological Test (CNT). METHODS: Three subtests of the CANTAB and three subtests of the CNT assessing attention and memory functions were administered to 33 inpatients and outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The subtests of the CANTAB include Rapid Visual information Processing (RVP), Spatial SPan (SSP), and Pattern Recognition Memory (PRM). This study investigated the differences of each subtest score between the two patient groups and the correlations between subtest scores of the CANTAB and CNT that were related to attention and memory functions. RESULTS: Significant difference in the two groups was found only in the Verbal Learning Test (VLT) of the CNT. In both groups, the PRM subtest of the CANTAB showed significant correlation with the VST and the VLT of the CNT. Also, the SSP subtest of the CANTAB and the VST of the CNT showed significant positive correlation. In addition, the RVP subtest of the CANTAB and the visual continuous performance test of the CNT, which measure the sustained attention in common, showed significant correlation. CONCLUSION: The concurrent validity of the attention and memory subtests of the CANTAB for patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder was verified. Results of this study suggest that the CANTAB would be widely used for assessment of neuro-cognitive impairments of patients with psychiatric disorders.

Spatial working memory in patients with deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the difference of spatial working memory among first-episode patients with deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia. Methods The study recruited 116 first-episode treatment-naive patients with schizo-phrenia, and 60 normal controls. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess symptoms of patients and Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome (SDS) was used to divide schizophrenia patients into deficit group (28 patients) and nondeficit group (88 patients). Spatial Working Memory (SWM) test from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automat-ed Battery (CANTAB) was used to test the spatial working memory function. Results Adjusted for age, gender and years of education, there were significant differences in the performance of between errors of 4 boxes (P=0.03), between errors of 6 boxes (P=0.01), between errors of 8 boxes (P=0.03), total errors (P=0.01) and strategy (P0.05). Conclusion The impairment of SWM was more severe in deficit schizophrenia patients than in nondeficit patients at early stage of the disease, suggesting they are different subtypes of schizophrenia.

Comparison of two computerized procedures for the assessment of color discrimination in Cebus apella

Color vision consists of the discrimination of objects based on their spectral composition. Among primates, the majority of Platyrrhini monkeys are estimated to have polymorphic and sex-linked dichromacy. The objective of this study was to compare the results produced by different equipment and software for the assessment of tri- and dichromatic conditions in one male and two female Cebus apella. Three experiments were programmed. In Experiment 1, verifying the trichromatic condition of one female subject and dichromatic condition of the remainder of the subjects was possible using an adapted version of the Cambridge Colour Test. Experiment 2 confirmed the results of Experiment 1 using a different array of stimuli of the same test. Experiment 3, which produced results similar to Experiment 2, consisted of a test developed for a standard computer system using stimuli with color properties similar to the ones used in the previous experiment. Favorable conditions for the assessment of color vision in Platyrrhini can be built with low-cost equipment and software. Once data have been gathered with additional subjects and new stimulus arrangements have been tested and confirmed, the procedure can be used for the evaluation of other Platyrrhini species for which behavioral color discrimination data are currently lacking.

Sinais clínicos podem identificar pacientes com risco aumentado para doença cardiovascular / Clinical signs can identify patients at increased risk for cardiovascular disease

O escore de Cambridge para risco de diabetes mostrou menor acurácia do que o score de Framingham em predeterminar o risco cardiovascular em adultos na Inglaterra. No entanto, o escore Cambridge é atrativo porque não requer o uso de exames laboratoriais e poderia ser útil como um possível guia para posteriores testes e estratificação de risco.

Preliminary application of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery in patients with paranoid schizophrenia and bipolar miana in China / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To detect the patterns of cognitive impairment between patients with paranoid schizophrenia and patients with bipolar mania by using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) ,and to explore research clues for finding of cognitive endophenotype in patients with paranoid schizophrenia or bipolar mania. Methods Six CANTAB subtests and the seven subtests of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WAIS short form) were administered to 35 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 33 patients with bipolar mania who were drug naive experiencing an acute episode, as well as 30 healthy controls. Results Patients with paranoid schizophrenia and bipolar mania demonstrated impairments in 13 of the 15 cognitive indicators in CANTAB. After controlling IQ, both patient groups remained as significantly different from normal controls in terms of search strategy(36. 8 ±3.56,37.24 ±4. 21,30. 33 ±6.24) ,between-search errors(40. 86 ± 19.97,40.24 ± 18.92,15.4 ±17.22) on the SWM test,the proportion of hits(0.54 ±0. 18,0.56 ±0.15,0.78 ± 0.17) on the RVIP test,total errors(45.26 ±36.36,46.61 ±33.32,14 ± 11.7) and EDS errors (12.43 ±9.96, 13.18 ±8.98,4.97 ±6.09)on the IED test. Between search error in the SWM test was positively correlation with YMRS scores ( r=0.38, P=0.039) in bipolar patients. Conclusion Both patient groups demonstrated a comparable profile of cognitive impairments during active periods of their condition. The cognitive impairment index may be a discreet cognitive endophenotype overlapping the disorders.

Asociación de la RPCA con mutaciones Leiden y Cambridge del factor V de la coagulación en pacientes mexicanos con trombofilia primaria / Association of resistance to activated protein with the presence of Leiden and Cambridge Factor V mutations in Mexican patients with primary thrombophilia

Introducción: Las mutaciones Leiden y Cambridge del factor V de la coagulación y la resistencia a la proteína C activada (RPCA) son alteraciones que se relacionan con trombosis venosa y arterial. En este trabajo se analizó si la RPCA está asociada con las mutaciones Leiden y Cambridge, y la frecuencia de éstas en población mestiza mexicana. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 150 pacientes mexicanos con trombofilia primaria y 100 sujetos sanos. Se determinó la RPCA empleando método comercial y los genotipos factor V Leiden y factor V Cambridge mediante PCR-RFLPs. Resultados: La RPCA fue positiva en cuatro pacientes y en un individuo control; sin embargo, no se encontró la mutación Leiden o Cambridge en la población estudiada, por lo que la RPCA no se correlacionó con ninguna de las mutaciones investigadas. Conclusiones: Los resultados indican que existen otras causas primarias o secundarias diferentes a las analizadas, que condicionan la RPCA. Además, la frecuencia obtenida para la RPCA en nuestra población trombofílica mestiza mexicana fue menor comparada con la obtenida en población caucásica, quizá por tratarse de poblaciones genéticamente diferentes.

BACKGROUND: Leiden and Cambridge factor V coagulation mutations and activated protein C resistance (RaPC) are alterations related with vein and artery thrombosis. In this study we aimed to determine whether RaPC is associated with the presence of Leiden and Cambridge mutation and the frequency of these mutations in the racially mestizo Mexican population. METHODS: We included 150 Mexican patients with primary thrombophilia and 100 healthy subjects in this study. RaPC was determined using commercial methods and genotypes FV Leiden and FV Cambridge with PCR-RFLPs. RESULTS: RaPC was positive in four patients and in one control individual; however, there was no presence of Leiden or Cambridge mutation in the studied group; thus, RaPC was not correlated with the presence of any of the studied mutations. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that there are other primary or secondary causes different from those studied, which condition the presence of RaPC. Furthermore, the frequency obtained for RaPC in our thrombophilic population of racially mixed Mexicans is lower compared to that obtained in the Caucasian population, most probably because they are genetically different populations.

O contextualismo linguístico na história do pensamento político: Quentin Skinner e o debate metodológico contemporâneo / Linguistic contextualism in the history of politic thought: Quentin Skinner and the contemporary methodological debate / Le contextualisme linguistique dans l'histoire de la pensée politique: Quentin Skinner et le débat méthodologique contemporain

This article aims to map and investigate the methodological debate spearheaded by the Cambridge School of history of political thought in the last four decades, focusing on the formulations of Quentin Skinner and the main objections raised by his critics. After a brief presentation of the prescriptions in Skinner's methods, the article discusses how his linguistic contextualism has been criticized for: a) his epistemological commitments (denounced alternately as relativist and positivist); b) his adherence to intentionalism; and c) his tendency towards "antiquarianism". The article concludes that of these three modalities of objections, the attribution of "antiquarianism" was the one that most compromised Skinner's original methodological formulations, recently leading him to virtually abandon his original antipresentist thrust.

Dans cet article, on souhaite situer et examiner le débat méthodologique proposé par l'École de Cambridge au sujet de l'histoire de la pensée politique dans les quatre dernières décennies, tout en insistant sur les positions de Quentin Skinner et les principales objections soulevées par ses critiques. Après une rapide présentation des prescriptions méthodologiques de Skinner, on voit que son contextualisme linguistique a reçu plusieurs critiques: a) par ses choix épistémologiques (dénoncés comme relativistes, ou encore positivistes); b) par son adhésion à l'intentionalisme; et c) par sa tendance à "l'ancien". On conclut que, parmi ces trois types d'objections, c'est l'attribution "d'ancien" qui a le plus nui aux formulations méthodologiques originales de Skinner, le menant récemment au virtuel abandon de son ardeur anti-présent initiale.

The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test with Chinese brain injured patients / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To evaluate the reliability and criteria validity of the Chinese Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (C-CAMPROMPT) for testing Chinese patients with acquired brain injury. Methods The CAMPROMPT was translated into Chinese. The translated Version was then used with 30 'normal persons' and 39 with acquired brain injury and memory problems. Correlation analysis and Cronbach's a were used to evaluate reliability and criteria validity of the C-CAMPROMPT. Results Correlation and Cronbach's a were in the range 0.697 to0.951.The total and event-based scores were positively corrlated with all three field Chinese Version of Rivermead Behavior Memory Test scores. Time-based C-CAMPROMPT scores,however,were negatively correlated with Chinese Version of the Stroop Word-Color Test results. Conclusion The reliability and validity of the C-CAMPROMPT were high enough to be used to test the prospective memory of acquired brain injury patients in the clinic.