Synthetic pigments for Japanese quail fed diets with sorghum / Pigmentantes sintéticos para codornas japonesas alimentadas com rações à base de sorgo

Corn is the major energy ingredient in diets, and many ingredients have been tested aiming to replace it. In this regard, sorghum stands out for its chemical profile similar to that of corn. However, because it is low in carotenoids, its inclusion in diets reduces the egg yolk color pigmentation, which can be corrected by the addition of synthetic pigments. This study aimed to evaluate the performance and egg quality of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) supplemented with red (canthaxanthin) and yellow (apo-ester 10%) synthetic pigments. A total of 150 quail at 70 days of age were distributed according to the experimental diet [R1: corn-based control diet (DC); R2: sorghum-based diet (DS); R3: DS + yellow; R4: DS + yellow + red; and R5: DS + red] with six replications and five birds per experimental unit, for 28 days. Performance, egg quality, yolk color, and feed cost characteristics were evaluated. Regression equations were estimated for the effects of color as a function of periods, and treatment means were compared by Tukey's test at 0.05 probability. There was no significant effect (P>0.05) of additives on the quail productive traits. However, addition of synthetic pigments significantly improved the chromatic profile of the yolks (P<0.05). Inclusion of synthetic pigments improves yolk color, but should be evaluated according to market demands.(AU)

O milho é o principal ingrediente energético nas rações. A fim de substituí-lo, vários ingredientes foram testados. Nesse sentido, destaca-se o sorgo, pois apresenta perfil bromatológico semelhante ao do milho. No entanto, por ser deficiente em carotenoides, sua inclusão na ração reduz a pigmentação da gema do ovo, o que pode ser corrigido por meio da adição de pigmentos sintéticos. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar o desempenho zootécnico e a qualidade dos ovos de codornas japonesas (Coturnix japonica) suplementadas com os pigmentantes sintéticos vermelho (cantaxantina) e amarelo (apoéster 10%). Foram utilizadas 150 codornas japonesas com 70 dias de idade, distribuídas de acordo com a ração experimental (R1: ração referência à base de milho; R2: ração à base de sorgo (RS); R3: RS + amarelo; R4: RS + amarelo + vermelho; R5: RS + vermelho), com seis repetições e cinco aves por unidade experimental, durante 28 dias. Foram avaliadas as características de desempenho, qualidade dos ovos, cor da gema e custo das rações. Equações de regressão dos efeitos da cor em função dos períodos foram estimadas, e as médias de tratamento foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey com 0,05 de probabilidade. Não houve efeito significativo (P>0,05) dos aditivos sobre as características produtivas das codornas. Entretanto, a adição de pigmentantes sintéticos melhorou significativamente o perfil cromático das gemas dos ovos de codornas (P<0,05). A inclusão de pigmentantes sintéticos melhora a cor das gemas, porém deve ser avaliada de acordo com as exigências de mercado.(AU)

Canthaxanthin biosynthesis by Dietzia natronolimnaea HS-1: effects of inoculation and aeration rate

The interest in production of natural colorants by microbial fermentation has been currently increased. The effects of D-glucose concentration (3.18-36.82 g/L), inoculum size (12.5 x 10(9)-49.5 x 10(9) cfu cells/mL) and air-flow rate (1.95-12.05 L/L min) on the biomass, total carotenoid and canthaxanthin (CTX) accumulation of Dietzia natronolimnaea HS-1 in a batch bioreactor was scrutinized using a response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). Second-order polynomial models with high R² values ranging from 0.978 to 0.990 were developed for the studied responses using multiple linear regression analysis. The models showed the maximum cumulative amounts of biomass (7.85 g/L), total carotenoid (5.48 mg/L) and CTX (4.99 mg/L) could be achieved at 23.38 g/L of D-glucose, 31.2 x 10(9) cfu cells/mL of inoculation intensity and air-flow rate of 7.85 L/L min. The predicted values for optimum conditions were in good agreement with experimental data.

Características sensoriais de ovos de codornas japonesas (Coturnix japonica temminck e schlegel, 1849) suplementadas com pigmentantes sintéticos e selenometionina / Sensorial characteristics of japanese quail eggs (Coturnix japonica) supplemented with synthetic pigments and selenomethionine

A substituição do milho pelo sorgo promove redução na pigmentação da gema dos ovos, sendo necessária a inclusão de fontes exógenas de pigmentantes. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar às características sensoriais dos ovos de codornas japonesas (Coturnix japonica (Temminck & Schlegel, 1849) alimentadas com rações formuladas com sorgo, em substituição total ao milho, com a inclusão de pigmentantes sintéticos amarelo (apocaroteno 10 por cento) e vermelho (cantaxantina 10 por cento) e selenometionina. Foram utilizados os seguintes tratamentos: T1: ração referência; T2: ração com sorgo (RS); T3: RS+apo-éster; T4: RS+apo-éster+cantaxantina e T5: RS+apo-éster+cantaxantina+selenometionina. Utilizaram-se 30 provadores não-treinados para avaliação quanto ao sabor do ovo e cor da gema, analisados pelo Teste de Comparação Pareada -Grau de diferença com 0,05 de probabilidade. Os dados ao serem analisados, utilizando a Tabela de Número Mínimo de Respostas Coincidentes, ao nível de 5 por cento de significância, indicaram que os provadores detectaram diferença na intensidade de sabor e cor entre a amostra padrão e os tratamentos. O grau de diferença para o atributo sabor foi de intensidade leve entre a amostra padrão e os tratamentos T2, T4 e T5. Para o atributo cor, o grau de diferença foi considerado de intensidade leve a grande entre a amostra padrão e a dos tratamentos. Pode-se utilizar os pigmentantes sintéticos apoéster e cantaxantina associados com selenometionina em rações a base de sorgo para codornas japonesas.

Synthetic pigments from external sources are supplemented in sorghum replacement diets in the substitution for the corn diet of Japanese quails, in order to compensate the decrease in egg yolk color. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of the following synthetic pigments: yellow (apo-ester), red (canthaxanthin), and selenomethionine on sensorial characteristics of eggs laid by Japanese quails fed ration formulated with sorghum, totally substituting a corn diet. The following treatments were used: T1-control diet; T2-sorghum diet (SD); T3-SD + apo-ester; T4-SD + apo-ester + canthaxanthin; T5-SD + apo-ester + canthaxanthin + selenomethionine. Thirty non-trained individuals evaluated egg flavor and yolk color. Average differences were accessed by a paired comparison test at the 5 percent significance level. Significant differences between the standard sample and treatment samples were observed for flavor and color characteristics of the egg, using a minimum number of coincident answers at the 5 percent significance level. The degree of flavor difference ranged from low intensity between the standard sample and treatment samples T2, T4, and T5. The degree of color difference ranged from moderate to high intensity between the standard sample and treatment samples. Synthetic pigments (apo-ester and canthaxanthin) associated with selenomethionine in sorghum based diets can be used for Japanese quails.

Study on protective effects of canthaxanthin on immuno-function of acute lung injury mouse model induced by lipopolysaccharide / 中华中医药杂志

Objective: To study the protective effects of canthaxanthin against decreasing of i mmuno-function of the acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice and research its possible mechanism for offering scientific basis of its health function. Methods: Randomly distribute 60 male Kunming mices into control group, lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury model group(ALI), dexamethasone (DXM) group (5 mg/kg) and low, middle, high dose groups of canthaxanthin (10 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg). After 30 d feed by different dosage canthaxanthin, control group were given physiological saline, ALI model group, canthaxanthin administrated groups and DXM group were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (6.0 mg/kg) to induce ALI. Six hours after LPS or physiological saline challenged, abdominal aorta blood for measuring lymphocyte subpopulations(CD3+, CD4+, CD8+), tumour factor-?(TNF-?), leckocyte interpose-8(IL-8), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione perioxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and lung wet weight/dry weight ratio, neutrophil MPO activity of lung, tumour factor-?(TNF-?), leckocyte interpose-10 (IL-10) content of lung. Results: Treatment with different dosage canthaxanthin could significantly decrease serum TNF-?, IL-8, MPO, MDA content and lung wet weight/dry weight ratio, while inhibit the reduction of IL-10 in lung and SOD, GSH-Px activities, improve the percent of lymphocyte subpopulations. Conclusion: Canthaxanthin showed protective effects on immuno-function of the acute lung injury induced by LPS in mice.