Caries experience scores revisited for caries risk assessment using cariogram model – A cross-sectional study

Context: The widely accepted caries risk assessment tools such as the Cariogram model needs modifications in the scoring of different factors for reliable results. Aims: The study was aimed to report the caries experience in 3?60 years of the Rajasthan population and to apply the newly derived average decayed exfoliated filled teeth/Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (deft/DMFT) scores in the Cariogram model to assess the caries risk. Settings and Design: The cross?sectional study was planned in the Department of Dentistry and a total of 500 participants were equally divided into five groups (3?6, 7?12, 13?30, 31?44, and 45?60 years) were included. Methods and Material: All participants were examined for caries detection using deft/DMFT, ICDAS, and CAST indices according to the predefined protocol. A single examiner evaluated the participants in a dental operatory and data was recorded. Statistical Analysis Used: One?Way ANOVA and Tukey’s Post?Hoc tests were used to evaluate the significant difference between the groups of each caries index. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between the mean deft/ DMFT and CAST scores of 3?6, 7?12, and 13?30 age groups with the 45?60 years age group. Caries prevalence was highest (83%) in 31?44 and 45?60 year age groups and lowest (51%) in the 3?6 year age group. Conclusions: Caries experience scores increase as the age increases and the highest scores were observed in 31?44 and 45?60 year age groups and the lowest were observed in the 3?6 year age group. The average ICDAS and CAST scores were higher when compared to the deft/DMFT index

A cross-sectional cariogram-based comparison of caries risk profile in children with various levels of intellectual disability

Aim: To compare the caries risk profile in children with mild, moderate, and severe intellectual disability (ID) using cariogram. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare caries risk profile using cariogram among 150 children aged 6–18 years, with various levels of ID (50 each in Mild ID, Moderate ID, and Severe ID groups), attending special schools in Bengaluru city. The risk assessment consisted of: a questionnaire, an interview, estimation of oral hygiene, saliva sampling, microbial evaluation and clinical examination. Statistical analysis of the results obtained was performed using Chi-square/Fischer's exact test, Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney test. Results: The overall comparison showed significant differences between the groups across all parameters except diet (P = 0.131), fluoride exposure (P = 1), salivary flow rate (P = 0.3), and buffer capacity (P = 1). Caries risk was high among children with severe intellectually disability while the actual chance to avoid caries was found to be high in the Mild ID group. Bacteria was one of the dominant caries risk sectors followed by susceptibility, circumstances, and diet. Conclusion: Cariogram can be used as an effective tool in assessing caries prediction, thus aiding in identifying different risk groups in a community so that appropriate preventive measures can be implemented to overcome the caries risk.

Evaluation of caries risk reduction following preventive programs in orthodontic patients, using Cariogram computer model: A quasi-experimental trial

ABSTRACT Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of preventive strategies on caries risk reduction in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, using the Cariogram program. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, samples were selected using a convenience quota sampling technique, in a public dental school. At first, caries risk profile was determined for each subject using the Cariogram before brackets bonding. The sample size consisted of 36 patients. The intervention group (n = 18) received preventive programs, and the control group (n = 18) was trained based on the routine oral health education by means of pamphlets. Then, Cariogram parameters were calculated for patients in both groups after six months. Results: The age range of participants was from 12 to 29 years. The mean percentage of the "Actual chance of avoiding new cavities" section in the intervention group increased from 45.72 ± 21.64 to 62.50 ± 17.64. However, the mean percentage of other parameters - such as "Diet", "Bacteria" and "Susceptibility" - decreased after six months (p< 0.001). Besides, the differences in the mean percentage between intervention and control group at the end of the study period (T1) related to the Cariogram parameters were statistically significant (p< 0.001). Accordingly, the mean percentage of 'Actual chance of avoiding new cavities'' parameter in the intervention group (62.50) was statistically higher than in the control group (42.44) (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Implementing different preventive approaches is able to reduce the caries risk in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment, which can be clearly demonstrated using Cariogram program.

RESUMO Objetivo: O presente estudo usou o software Cariogram para avaliar a eficácia de estratégias preventivas para redução do risco de cáries em pacientes sob tratamento ortodôntico. Métodos: Nesse estudo quase-experimental, as amostras foram selecionadas por meio de uma técnica de amostragem por cota de conveniência, em uma faculdade pública de Odontologia. Inicialmente, o perfil de risco de cárie foi determinado para cada indivíduo usando o Cariogram antes da colagem dos braquetes. A amostra consistiu de 36 pacientes: o grupo experimental (n = 18) recebeu programas preventivos, e o grupo controle (n = 18) recebeu orientações sobre a saúde bucal por meio de folhetos. Após seis meses, os parâmetros obtidos por meio do Cariogram foram calculados novamente para os pacientes de ambos os grupos. Resultados: A faixa etária dos participantes foi de 12 a 29 anos. A porcentagem média da seção "Probabilidade real de prevenir novas cáries" no grupo experimental aumentou de 45,72 ± 21,64 para 62,50 ± 17,64. Por outro lado, a porcentagem média de outros parâmetros - como "Dieta", "Bactérias" e "Suscetibilidade" - diminuiu após seis meses (p< 0,001). Além disso, as diferenças nas porcentagens médias entre o grupo experimental e o grupo controle ao fim do estudo (T1), relacionadas aos parâmetros do Cariogram, foram estatisticamente significativas (p< 0,001). Assim, a porcentagem média do parâmetro "Probabilidade real de prevenir novas cáries" no grupo experimental (62,50) foi estatisticamente maior do que no grupo controle (42,44) (p< 0,001). Conclusão: A implementação de diferentes abordagens preventivas pode reduzir o risco de cárie em pacientes sob tratamento ortodôntico com aparelhos fixos, o que pode ser observado claramente por meio do software Cariogram.

Asociación entre las variables del Cariograma e historia de caries en la población de 15 a 64 años de la comuna de Tortel, provincia del Capitán Prat de la XI Región de Aysén, Chile: análisis multivariable / Association between cariogram variables and history of dental cavities in the population aged 15 to 64 years from Tortel, Commune Capitán Prat Province, XI region Aysén, Chile: Multivariate analysis

INTRODUCCIÓN La caries dental constituye un problema de salud pública urbano-rural en nuestro país. Una manera simple de evaluar riesgo cariogénico es el Cariograma, programa computacional que mide factores etiológicos de la enfermedad de caries, que muestra de manera gráfica el posible riesgo cariogénico del paciente, planteando estrategias de prevención y tratamiento.OBJETIVOS Establecer asociación entre las variables del Cariograma y la historia de caries en la población de 15 a 64 años de la comuna de Tortel, XI Región. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Estudio observacional-analítico, de corte transversal, con una muestra de 173 individuos. La información fue obtenida mediante ficha clínica y aplicación del Cariograma. Las variables fueron analizadas mediante regresión-lineal-múltiple (RLM) y regresión-logística (RL) con el programa estadístico Stata 11.0. RESULTADOS La RLM muestra una relación significativa en el modelo 1 (que incluye las variables del Cariograma, excepto uso de flúor), entre las variables del Cariograma y las de historia de caries, enfermedades relacionadas (p = 0,032), experiencia de caries (p = 0) y DIeta contenido (p = 0,031). En el modelo 3 (al que se le adiciona la variable edad), existe relación significativa entre historia de caries y experiencia de caries (p = 0), género (p = 0,007) y edad (p = 0). La RL mostró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre historia de caries > 10 con experiencia de caries (p = 0,002) en el modelo 1 y con edad (p = 0) en el modelo 3. CONCLUSIONES Existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre: experiencia de caries-género-edad con historia de caries > 10. De esta manera, a mayor edad mayor daño acumulado por caries, así como entre experiencia de caries, enfermedades relacionadas y dieta contenido con historia de caries cuando no se incluye la variable edad en el modelo.

INTRODUCTION Dental caries represent a public health problem in both urban and rural areas of our Chile. A simple method to evaluate cariogenic risk is the Cariogram. This consists of a computer program that measures etiological factors of dental caries disease, and shows graphically the potential cariogenic risk of a patient, providing information that allows prevention and treatment strategies to be implemented. OBJECTIVES This study aims to establish the association between Cariogram variables and history of dental caries in the population aged 15 to 64 years from Tortel Commune, XI region, Chile. MATERIALS AND METHODS Observational-analytical, cross-sectional study of a sample of 173 individuals. The information was obtained by analysis of clinical records and Cariogram. The variables were analyzed by multiple linear regression (MLR) and logistic regression (LR) using Stata 11.0 statistical program.RESULTS MLR analysis shows a significant relationship in model 1 (which only includes variables from the Cariogram Program, except for the use of fluoride) between Cariogram variables and history of dental caries, related diseases (P = .032), experience of caries (P = 0) and diet content (P = .031). In model 3 (the variable "age" is added), there is a significant relationship between history of caries and experience of caries (P = 0), gender (P = .007), and age (P = 0). The LR showed a statistically significant relationship between history of caries > 10 and experience of caries (P = .002) in Model 1, and with age (P = 0) in model 3. CONCLUSIONS There is significant relationship between experience of caries, gender and age with history of caries > 10. Based on these results, the older the individual, the more accumulated damage can be found. This relationship was also found between experience of caries, related diseases and diet content with history of dental caries, when the age variable is not included in the model.

Potencial predictivo de un modelo reducido del cariograma en estudiantes universitarios de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza / Predictive potential of a reduced cariogram model in college students at the Zaragoza Faculty of Higher Studies (FES)

Antecedentes: La caries dental constituye una de las enfermedades máscomunes en el ser humano. Conocer los factores que intervienen en el desarrollo de la caries dental en una población determinada representa un área de oportunidad para establecer esquemas de tratamiento que modifi quen las variables que están infl uyendo en su estado de salud bucal en general. Por este motivo, se han presentado diversos programas para determinar el riesgo de caries que tiene un individuo. El Cariograma es uno de los más completos y una herramienta muy útil en la prevención de la caries. Objetivo: Observar el funcionamiento de un modelo reducido del Cariograma en una zona fl uorurada con el que podamos tener la misma fuerza predictiva que con el modelo completo, pero con la ventaja de ser más ágil y económico. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal de 30 estudiantes universitarios elegidos al azar, con una edad entre 18 y 21 años. Se realizaron pruebas salivales y se utilizó el índice de dientes con caries, perdidos y obturados (CPO), IP y un cuestionario sobre hábitos alimenticios para estructurar las variables que conforman el Cariograma, para así predecir el riesgo que existe en cada individuo de cursar con caries en un futuro. Posteriormente, se compararon los resultados con un modelo reducido y se evaluó su potencial predictivo.

Background: Tooth decay is one of the most common diseases in humans. Knowing the factors involved in the development of dental caries in any given population represents an area of opportunity to establish treatment regimens to modify the variables that infl uence the overall oral health status of that population. For this reason, various programs have been designed to determine the risk of an individual developing caries. The cariogram is one of the most useful and comprehensive tools for preventing caries. Objective: To observe the functioning of a reduced cariogram model in a fl uoridated area, one that can offer us the same predictive power as the full model but with the advantage of being more fl exible and economical. Material and methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 30 randomly selected college students aged between 18 and 21 years. Salivary tests were performed, the DMFT Index and PI calculated, and a question-naire on eating habits was applied to structure the variables that make up the cariogram and so enable us to predict the risk that each individual has of developing caries in the future.