Genetic diversity in natural populations of Jacaranda decurrens Cham. determined using RAPD and AFLP markers

Jacaranda decurrens (Bignoniaceae) is an endemic species of the Cerrado with validated antitumoral activity. The genetic diversity of six populations of J. decurrens located in the State of São Paulo was determined in this study by using molecular markers for randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Following optimization of the amplification reaction, 10 selected primers generated 78 reproducible RAPD fragments that were mostly (69.2 percent) polymorphic. Two hundred and five reproducible AFLP fragments were generated by using four selected primer combinations; 46.3 percent of these fragments were polymorphic, indicating a considerable level of genetic diversity. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) using these two groups of markers indicated that variability was strongly structured amongst populations. The unweighted pair group method with arithmatic mean (UPGMA) and Pearson's correlation coefficient (RAPD -0.16, p = 0.2082; AFLP 0.37, p = 0.1006) between genetic matrices and geographic distances suggested that the population structure followed an island model in which a single population of infinite size gave rise to the current populations of J. decurrens, independently of their spatial position. The results of this study indicate that RAPD and AFLP markers were similarly efficient in measuring the genetic variability amongst natural populations of J. decurrens. These data may be useful for developing strategies for the preservation of this medicinal species in the Cerrado.

Caracterização anatômica e química de folhas de Jacaranda puberula (Bignoniaceae) presente na Mata Atlântica / Anatomical and chemical characterization of Jacaranda puberula (Bignoniaceae) leaves present in Mata Atlântica

A espécie Jacaranda puberula (Bignoniaceae) é conhecida popularmente como "carobinha" sendo utilizada na medicina popular em comunidades tradicionais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a caracterização anatômica e química das folhas de J. puberula. Para a análise anatômica utilizou-se a microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Para a análise química utilizou-se a Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE). O mesofilo é dorsiventral, a epiderme unisseriada com cutícula espessa, tricomas glandulares do tipo peltado e tricomas tectores em ambas as faces da epiderme, parênquima clorofiliano com duas a três camadas de células paliçádicas e quatro a cinco camadas de células formando o parênquima lacunoso, de tamanho pequeno, com muitos espaços intercelulares, hipoestomática com nervura pinada. Os estudos através de MEV evidenciaram a epiderme recoberta com cera epicuticular e glândulas peltadas com maior incidência na epiderme da face abaxial, constituídas por oitos células secretoras apicais. A análise cromatográfica do extrato etanólico evidenciou a presença de fitoquinóides e flavonóides.

Jacaranda puberula is popularly known as "carobinha" and is used in medical practices of many folk communities. The objective of this work was the anatomical and chemical characterization of Jacaranda puberula (Bignoniaceae) leaves. The anatomical analysis was carried through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For the chemical analysis it was used High Perfomance Liquid Chromatografy (HPLC). Cross and paradermic sections of leaf showed the presence of uniseriate epidermal cells covered by a thick cuticle layer. There are peltate gland trichomes of multicellular type and no gland trichomes (tectores). It was observed that the faces of mesophyll are distinctly. Two to three layers of palisades cells form chlorophylian parenchyma and lacunary parenchyma is formed of four to five layers of small size cells with many intercellular spaces, pinad ribbing, hipoestomatic. The SEM studies evidenced estomata in the abaxial face of the epidermis covered with epicuticular wax. Eight secretory cells covered by cuticle form the peltate gland trichome. The chromatographic analysis of the ethanol extract evidenced the presence of phytoquinoids and flavonoids.