A STUDY ON FINANCIAL MODELING USING 3 STATEMENT MODEL AND DCF VALUATION: AN INSIGHT FOR NEW ENTREPRENEURS

Financial statements reect the position of a company in respect of its wealth and protability in its short- term and long-term existence. The company's result in terms of protability is reected in the Prot and Loss statement for a nancial year. The Long term nancial health of the company in terms of its wealth creation will be reected in its Financial Position Statement, termed as a Balance sheet reecting its assets and liability position throughout its existence. Various nancial modelling techniques are used to predict the future of a company. The 3-statement model predicts the company's nancial strength for the future regarding the Balance sheet, prot and Loss Account and Cash ow statement. The study aims to predict the nancial statements for a future period of 5 years based on the company's past performance. The study was based on the nancial performance of Siemens AG for the past ve years, and it attempts to predict the future 5 years of the company under study.

Planificación del flujo de caja de proyectos de construcción basada en BIM y dinámica de sistemas / Cash flow planning of construction projects based on BIM and system dynamics / Planeamento do fluxo de caixa de projectos de construção baseados em BIM e System Dynamics

RESUMEN La planificación del flujo de caja de un proyecto de construcción es una actividad decisiva para garantizar los recursos financieros que son necesarios para el desarrollo de las actividades de obra. Debido a la importancia, en la industria de la construcción se observa la necesidad de metodologías de análisis de flujo caja de adaptación fácil a las modificaciones, y con altos niveles de detalle, las cuales propicien mejoras en la precisión de las estimaciones y en la anticipación de situaciones problemáticas. Considerando esta necesidad, en este artículo se propone un nuevo esquema metodológico para la planificación del flujo de caja de proyectos de construcción, el cual está basado en la integración de modelos del proceso constructivo BIM 5D (Building Information Modeling 5D), y dinámica de sistemas. El esquema que es propuesto consta de seis etapas principales: 1) modelo BIM 3D, cantidades y rendimientos, 2) estructura desglosada del trabajo, 3) estimación de costos, 4) modelado y simulación digital BIM 5D, 5) análisis del flujo de caja, y 6) implementación de la alternativa. La aplicación del esquema indica que la rapidez, visualización y automatización, con la que se desarrolla la planificación del flujo de caja, propicia el análisis de varias alternativas; lo cual fortalece los procesos de toma de decisiones, y mejora los resultados de la planificación.

ABSTRACT Cash flow planning of a construction project is a crucial activity to guarantee the financial resources necessary for construction activities development. Due to the importance, there is a need for cash flow analysis methodologies that are easy to adapt to modifications and involve high levels of detail, which allow improving precision in estimations and anticipating possible problematic events. Considering this need, this paper proposes a new methodological scheme for cash flow planning of construction projects, which is based on construction process models BIM 5D (Building Information Modeling 5D), and system dynamics. The proposed scheme consists of six main stages: 1) BIM 3D model and quantities, 2) work breakdown structure, 3) cost estimation, 4) BIM 5D digital modeling and simulation, 5) cash flow analysis, and 6) implementation. The application of the proposed scheme indicates that the speed, visualization, and automation, with which the cash flow planning is developed, favors the analysis of several alternatives, which strengthens decision-making processes, and improves planning results.

RESUMO O planeamento do fluxo de caixa de um projecto de construção é uma actividade decisiva para garantir os recursos financeiros necessários para o desenvolvimento das actividades de trabalho. Devido à sua importância, na indústria da construção há necessidade de metodologias de análise de fluxo de caixa que sejam facilmente adaptáveis às mudanças e com elevados níveis de detalhe, que permitam melhorar a precisão das estimativas e a antecipação de situações problemáticas. Considerando esta necessidade, este documento propõe um novo esquema metodológico para o planeamento do fluxo de caixa dos projectos de construção, que se baseia na integração do BIM 5D (Building Information Modeling 5D) e modelos de dinâmica do sistema do processo de construção. O esquema proposto consiste em seis fases principais: 1) modelo BIM 3D, quantidades e desempenhos, 2) estrutura de repartição do trabalho, 3) estimativa de custos, 4) modelação e simulação digital BIM 5D, 5) análise do fluxo de caixa, e 6) implementação da alternativa. A aplicação do esquema indica que a rapidez, visualização e automatização, com a qual o planeamento do fluxo de caixa é desenvolvido, é conducente à análise de várias alternativas; o que reforça os processos de tomada de decisão, e melhora os resultados do planeamento.

Restructuring of the Cash Flow Statement for Government Department: Based on the Comparison of Hospital Accounting System and Government Accounting System / 中国卫生经济

Objective:To compare cash flow statement between Government Accounting System and Hospital Accounting System,so as to provide basis for restructuring the cash flow statement for government department.Methods:The literature method and comparison method were involved.Results:There were four differences between Government Accounting System and Hospital Accounting System.There were some problems in cash flow statement in Government Accounting System.Conclusion:It restructed the cash flow statement for government department on the basis of Government Accounting System and Hospital Accounting System.