Applying the adjustment set to estimate causal effect of data based on the causal graph model / 四川精神卫生

The purpose of this paper was to introduce the five limitations of the PROC CAUSALGRAPH procedure and estimate the causal effect of the data by using the adjustment set based on the causal graph model. The five limitations were as follows： ①the PROC CAUSALGRAPH procedure could not deal with the causal graph model of directed circles； ② the PROC CAUSALGRAPH procedure could not evaluate dynamic processing scheme； ③ causal effect identification was a population concept； ④ causal effect identification was a nonparametric concept； ⑤ the PROC CAUSALGRAPH procedure could not identify the causal effect in some causal graph models. The example was for a simulated data set， using the conventional multiple Logistic regression model analysis and the causal graph model analysis， respectively. By comparing the analysis results of the two， the following conclusions were drawn： ① causal graph theory was useful in identifying causal effects in confounding situations； ② by implementing hierarchical estimation of causal effects， a good statistical estimation of causal effects could be achieved based on the identification results of the PROC CAUSALGRAPH procedure.

Identifying causal effects based on instrumental variables and distinguishing different models with data / 四川精神卫生

The purpose of this paper was to introduce the methods of identifying causal effects based on instrumental variables， distinguishing different models with data， and using SAS software to realize calculation. Firstly， the four main contents of causal graph theory were introduced， including sources of association， statistical properties of causal models， identification and adjustment， and instrumental variables. Secondly， for two examples and with the help of the CAUSALGRAPH procedure in SAS/STAT， the following two tasks were completed： the first task was to identify causal effects using instrumental variables； the second task was to use data to distinguish different models.

Checking adjustment sets and finding common adjustment sets based on a causal graph model / 四川精神卫生

The purpose of this paper was to introduce the method of checking adjustment sets based on a causal graph model， finding common adjustment sets and implementing the statistical calculation with SAS software. Firstly， the basic concepts related to the causal graph model were introduced.Secondly， the primary contents of the causal graph theory were given， including the composition and terminology of the causality diagram. Finally， for the two instances and with the help of the CAUSALGRAPH procedure in SAS/STAT， the following two tasks were completed： the first task was to examine the adjustment set and enumerate paths； the second task was to find the adjustment set common to the multiple causal graph models.

Constructing and searching adjustment sets based on a causal graph model / 四川精神卫生

The purpose of this paper was to introduce the basic knowledge of the causal graph model， the contents of the CAUSALGRAPH procedure and the method of constructing and searching adjustment sets based on the CAUSALGRAPH procedure in SAS/STAT. The causal graph model was the product of the combination of graph theory and probability theory. It could find all possible adjustment sets including the minimum adjustment set based on the action relationship between the variables set by the user. The contents of the CAUSALGRAPH procedure mainly included three identification criteria， two operating modes and one verification checking method. This paper analyzed the causal effect of two instances based on the CAUSALGRAPH procedure in SAS， and explained the output results.

Liabilities for damages incurred by delayed medical treatment in patients with low cure rate / 中华医院管理杂志

It is difficult for the patients with low cure rate to achieve the requirements of the"but for rule"or "preponderance of evidence standard" in the traditional causal argument. In dealing with such cases ,judicial practice has tried to broaden the concept of damage ,and adopt the theories of"loss of chance" ,"expectation infringement theory"or"comparative possibility theory" ,with the purpose to make up for the applicable dilemma of traditional causality. However ,the expansion of the concept of the damage will objectively cause some problems like abuse of rights ,concrete right becoming nothing and even subjective imputation.In the current legal system ,we can analogical apply the rule of joint dangerous act ,and correct the causal relationship to resolve such incidents. It will be more fair and just .