Factors associated with dental cavity in children aged six to 36 months old, in Salvador-BA / Fatores associados à cárie dentária em crianças de seis a 36 meses, em Salvador-BA

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the factors associatedwith dental cavity in early childhood. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study on oral health condition of 535 children aged between six and 36 months old, at Family Health Units, in Salvador-BA. Information was collected on socioeconomic conditions, mother and child's health, eating and oral hygiene habits, and oral examination. Results: the prevalence of dental cavity was 13.64% (CI95%=11.44 -15.84) and the factors associated were: child's age, number of rooms in the house, "Bolsa Família" (Family Welfare) benefit, prenatal consultations, birth weight and exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusions: socioeconomic conditions strongly influenced oral health, as well as prenatal care and breastfeeding. To prevent childhood cavities, it is pertinent to invest in intersectoral actions and systematized programs, including the medical and nursing staff, as these actions are essential for integral care for the child's health and quality of life

Resumo Objetivos: analisar os fatores associados à cárie dentária na primeira infância. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal das condições de saúde oral de 535 crianças entre seis e 36 meses, em Unidades de Saúde da Família, em Salvador-BA. Foram coletadas informações sobre as condições socioeconômicas, saúde da mãe e da criança, hábitos alimentares e de higiene oral e exame oral. Resultados: a prevalência de cárie dentária foi de 13,64% (IC95%=11,44-15,84) e os fatores associados foram: idade da criança, número de cômodos da casa, benefício "Bolsa Família", consultas de pré-natal, peso ao nascer e aleitamento materno exclusivo. Conclusões: as condições socioeconômicas influenciam fortemente na saúde oral, bem como o pré-natal e o aleitamento materno. Para prevenir cárie na infância, é pertinente investir em ações intersetoriais e programas sistematizados, incluindo a equipe médica e de enfermagem, pois estas ações são imprescindíveis para o cuidado integral à saúde da criança e qualidade de vida

Angiosarcoma de cavidad nasal: reporte de caso y revisión de literatura / Nasal cavity angiosarcoma: case report and literature review

Los tumores malignos de cavidad nasal y cavidades paranasales son poco frecuentes y sus síntomas de presentación suelen ser unilaterales e inespecíficos; éstos incluyen: epistaxis, rinorrea y obstrucción nasal. Encontramos una amplia variedad histológica de tumores, entre ellos tenemos el angiosarcoma nasal, que es considerado una rareza y el diagnóstico definitivo lo da la confirmación anatomopatológica complementado con estudios inmunohistoquímicos. Su modalidad de tratamiento incluye múltiples opciones, pero la cirugía radical temprana con márgenes negativos asociado a radioterapia adyuvante, ofrece el mejor pronóstico. Se presenta a un paciente adulto masculino con un angiosarcoma nasal izquierdo que fue detectado de forma precoz y se manejó con cirugía radical y radioterapia.

Malignant tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal cavities are rare, while presenting symptoms are usually unilateral and nonspecific like, epistaxis, rhinorrhea, and nasal obstruction. There are many histological varieties of tumors, among them we have nasal angiosarcoma, which is considered a rarity pathology. The definitive diagnosis is given by biopsy confirmation complemented with immunohistochemical studies. Its treatment modality includes multiple options, but early radical surgery with negative margins associated with adjuvant radiotherapy offers the best prognosis. We present a male adult patient with a left nasal angiosarcoma that was detected early and managed with radical surgery and radiotherapy.

Índice CPOD y ceo-d en niños de 5 a 8 años de una escuela en una localidad de Ecuador / CPOD and ceo-d index in children between 5 and 8 years old from a school in a locality in Ecuador

Las enfermedades orales son las más comunes de las enfermedades crónicas y uno de los problemas más importantes de salud pública debido a su prevalencia, su impacto en los individuos y la sociedad y el costo de su tratamiento. En el caso de los niños este efecto se multiplica por las consecuencias que se derivan para la edad adulta. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar los índices ceo-d en niños escolares de 5 a 8 años en la Unidad Educativa "Alejandro Dávalos Calle", Ecuador. Para ello, bajo una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, no experimental, de campo y de corte transversal. Se seleccionó como población los niños entre 5 y 8 años de edad en el periodo académico 2017-2018; la muestra estuvo conformada por 96 niños de ambos sexos, previo a consentimiento informado y cumpliendo las normas de bioéticas. Se realizaron revisión de historia clínica de los infantes y se les aplico encuestas validadas por expertos, a estudiantes, representantes y docentes. Se obtuvo prevalencia a caries en el 100% de los niños, 47% con dientes obturados y 64% perdieron piezas dentales, no se encontró evidencia estadísticamente significativa entre la presencia de caries y el sexo. El CEOD moderado, identificándose como factores de riesgos el desconocimiento de las medidas higiénicas bucal, baja frecuencia en la revisión odontológica y una dieta altamente cariogénica en estos niños. Se recomienda diseñar campañas educativas integrales que oriente a buenas prácticas de higiene bucal con el objetivo de prevenir y minimizar el número de personas afectadas por este mal(AU)

Oral diseases are the most common of the chronic diseases and one of the most important public health problems due to their prevalence, their impact on individuals and society, and the cost of their treatment. In the case of children, this effect is multiplied by the consequences that are derived for adulthood. The objective of this study was to estimate the ceo-d indices in school children aged 5 to 8 years at the "Alejandro Dávalos Calle" Educational Unit, Ecuador. For this, under an exploratory, descriptive, non-experimental, field and cross-sectional investigation. Children between 5 and 8 years of age in the academic period 2017-2018 were selected as the population; The sample consisted of 96 children of both sexes, prior to informed consent and complying with bioethical norms. The infants' clinical history was reviewed and surveys validated by experts, students, representatives, and teachers were applied. Caries prevalence was obtained in 100% of the children, 47% with filled teeth and 64% lost teeth, no statistically significant evidence was found between the presence of caries and sex. The CEOD is high, identifying as risk factors the ignorance of oral hygiene measures, low frequency in dental check-ups and a highly cariogenic diet in these children. It is recommended to design comprehensive educational campaigns that guide good oral hygiene practices in order to prevent and minimize the number of people affected by this disease(AU)

Afectación del primer molar permanente y efecto de una estrategia educativa en una institución educativa de la ciudad de Medellín: 2016-2019 / Affectation of the first permanent molar and effect of an educational strategy in an educational institution in the city of Medellin: 2016-2019

RESUMEN Introducción: el desconocimiento sobre la importancia del primer molar permanente en la salud bucal continúa siendo un problema en gran parte de la población. El objetivo fue evaluar la efectividad de una estrategia educativa para la conservación del primer molar permanente (PMP), en escolares de una Institución Educativa en Medellín. Métodos: estudio de seguimiento a una intervención educativa entre los años 2016 y 2019 en una muestra de 35 escolares entre 12 y 13 años, a quienes se les realizó tamizaje bucal para observar el COP-D modificado y el índice de placa según Silness & Loe. Se realizaron encuesta a 35 padres de familia sobre saberes y prácticas en salud bucal y el primer molar permanente, y actividades educativas con énfasis en el cuidado del primer molar a los escolares. Los datos fueron analizados a través de estadística descriptiva y bivariada mediante las pruebas de Mac Nemar, Wilcoxon y Chi cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: después de la estrategia aumentó la proporción de padres y cuidadores que identificaron el primer molar permanente y su importancia (38,7% vs 67,6%), la frecuencia de caries no cavitacional en PMP disminuyó (45,7% vs 26,5%), se observó un aumento en el reporte de uso de la seda dental (40% vs 67,6%) y de la consulta odontológica de los escolares (74,3% vs 97,1%), además de una mejoría significativa en la calidad del cepillado (Me % placa = 85% vs 30%). Conclusión: se demostró la efectividad de la intervención educativa respecto a los conocimientos sobre el PMP y prácticas de la higiene bucal, como factores protectores para su permanencia en boca.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the lack of knowledge about the importance of the first permanent molar in oral health continues to be a problem in a large part of the population. The objectivewas to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational strategy for the preservation of the permanent first molar (PMP) in school children of an educational institution in Medellin. Methods: follow-up study of an educational intervention between 2016 and 2019 in a sample of 35 schoolchildren between 12 and 13 years of age, who were screened for modified CPO-D and plaque index according to Silness & Loe. Thirty-five parents were surveyed about knowledge and practices in oral health and the permanent first molar, and educational activities with emphasis on the care of the first molar were carried out for schoolchildren. The data were analyzed through descriptive and bivariate statistics using Mac Nemar, Wilcoxon and Pearson's Chi-square tests. Results: after the strategy, the proportion of parents and caregivers who identified the first permanent molar and its importance increased (38.7% vs 67.6%), the frequency of non-cavitational caries in PMP decreased (45.7% vs 26.5%), an increase was observed in the reported use of dental floss (40% vs 67.6%) and dental consultation of school children (74.3% vs 97.1%), as well as a significant improvement in the quality of brushing (Me % placa = 85% vs 30%). Conclusion: the effectiveness of the educational intervention was demonstrated with regard to knowledge about PMP and oral hygiene practices, as protective factors for its permanence in the mouth.

Influence of glass fiber posts and class III direct restorations on the resistance of anterior teeth / Influência dos pinos de fibra de vidro e restaurações diretas classe III na resistência dos dentes anteriores

This study objectives to evaluate the fracture strength of upper central incisors (UCI) restored with composite resin (CR) in Class III cavities and endodontically treated teeth with or without glass fiber post (GFP), analyzing their failure mode. Sixty human UCI were randomly divided into four experimental groups: endodontically treated teeth without GFP (G1), endodontically treated teeth with GFP (G2), teeth with mesial/distal Class III cavities restored with CR without GFP (G3), and teeth with mesial/distal Class III cavities restored with CR with GFP (G4). The samples were submitted to the fracture strength test in a universal testing machine with a compression shear load applied at speed of 1.0 mm/min until fracture occurred. The data were submitted to one-way ANOVA (α=0.05) and the samples were analyzed for failure mode. The analysis did not show a significant statistical difference in fracture strength between the groups (p>0.05). The results showed that only endodontically treated teeth (G1) (753.4N) presented behavior similar to teeth with GFP (G2) (702.1N). The same occurred when comparing teeth with Class III cavities without GFP (G3) (670.2 N) and with GFP (G4) (746.1N). It can be concluded that glass fiber posts do not change the fracture strength of incisors with endodontic treatment and Class III cavities.

Este estudo objetiva avaliar a resistência à fratura de incisivos centrais superiores (ICS) restaurados com resina composta (RC) em cavidades Classe III e dentes tratados endodonticamente com ou sem pino de fibra de vidro (PFV), analisando seu padrão de fratura. Sessenta ICS humanos foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos experimentais: dentes tratados endodonticamente sem PFV (G1), dentes tratados endodonticamente com PFV (G2), dentes com cavidades mesiais/distais Classe III restauradas com RC sem PFV (G3), e dentes com cavidades mesiais/distais Classe III restauradas com RC com PFV (G4). As amostras foram submetidas ao teste de resistência à fratura em uma máquina universal de ensaios com uma carga de cisalhamento de compressão aplicada na velocidade de 1,0 mm / min até a ocorrência da fratura. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA unidirecional (α=0,05) e as amostras foram analisadas quanto ao modo de falha. A análise não mostrou diferença estatisticamente significativa na resistência à fratura entre os grupos (p>0,05). Os resultados mostraram que os dentes apenas tratados endodonticamente (G1) (753,4N) apresentaram comportamento semelhante aos dentes com PFV (G2) (702,1N). O mesmo ocorreu ao comparar dentes com cavidades Classe III sem PFV (G3) (670.2 N) e com PFV (G4) (746.1N). Pode-se concluir que pinos de fibra de vidro não alteram a resistência à fratura de incisivos com tratamento endodôntico e cavidades Classe III.

Cavidades pulmonares en Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico / Lung cavities in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Las lesiones pulmonares cavitadas en pacientes con Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES) han sido descriptas en asociación con neumonitis por citomegalovirus, o secundarias a infecciones fúngicas. Haciendo una revisión en la literatura, se han descripto 13 casos de pacientes con estas lesiones. Presentamos cuatro pacientes con diagnóstico de LES, que durante la evolución de su enfermedad desarrollan cavidades pulmonares.

Cavitary lung lesions in patients with SLE have been described in association with cytomegalovirus pneumonitis, or secondary to fungal infections. Making a review in the literature, 13 cases of patients with these lesions have been described. We present four patients diagnosed with SLE, whom developed lung cavities during the evolution of the disease.

Cavidades pulmonares en Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico / Pulmonary cavities in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Las lesiones pulmonares cavitadas en pacientes con Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES) han sido descriptas en asociación con neumonitis por citomegalovirus, o secundarias a infecciones fúngicas. Haciendo una revisión en la literatura, se han descripto 13 casos de pacientes con estas lesiones. Presentamos cuatro pacientes con diagnóstico de LES, que durante la evolución de su enfermedad desarrollan cavidades pulmonares.

Cavitary lung lesions in patients with SLE have been described in association with cytomegalovirus pneumonitis, or secondary to fungal infections. Making a review in the literature, 13 cases of patients with these lesions have been described. We present four patients diagnosed with SLE, whom developed lung cavities during the evolution of the disease.

Antimicrobial Orthodontic Wires Coated with Silver Nanoparticles

Abstract Conventional orthodontic treatment with the use of stainless steel may be detrimental to oral health by promoting demineralizing lesions appearance and increasing adhesion and formation of bacterial biofilm, inducing the development of cavities. An alternative that has been researched to reduce the side effects of orthodontic treatment is the coating of materials with antimicrobial nanoparticles. Nanometric- sized particles increase their surface area and contact with the microbial membrane, consequently intensifying their bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect. In this work, hydrothermal synthesis, a "green" process was used to attach silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to the surface of two different brands of orthodontic wires. The coated materials were analyzed for their physicochemical properties by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which showed the distribution of AgNPs along the wires without modifying their properties. In the microbiological test, one of the brands showed a statistically significant difference in microbial adhesion and biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. Results lead to the conclusion that antimicrobial orthodontic wires coated with silver nanoparticles through hydrothermal synthesis is a promising material for the improvement of orthodontic treatment.

Lung cavities in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

OBJECTIVES: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a unique form of pulmonary hypertension (PH) that arises from obstruction of the pulmonary vessels by recanalized thromboembolic material. CTEPH has a wide range of radiologic presentations. Commonly, it presents as main pulmonary artery enlargement, peripheral vascular obstructions, bronchial artery dilations, and mosaic attenuation patterns. Nevertheless, other uncommon presentations have been described, such as lung cavities. These lesions may be solely related to chronic lung parenchyma ischemia but may also be a consequence of concomitant chronic infectious conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the different etiologies that cause lung cavities in CTEPH patients. METHODS: A retrospective data analysis of the medical records of CTEPH patients in a single reference PH center that contained or mentioned lung cavities was conducted between 2013 and 2016. RESULTS: Seven CTEPH patients with lung cavities were identified. The cavities had different sizes, locations, and wall thicknesses. In two patients, the cavities were attributed to pulmonary infarction; in 5 patients, an infectious etiology was identified. CONCLUSION: Despite the possibility of being solely associated with chronic lung parenchyma ischemia, most cases of lung cavities in CTEPH patients were associated with chronic granulomatous diseases, reinforcing the need for active investigation of infectious agents in this setting.

Evaluation of Push Out Bond Strength of Two Calcium Silicate Based Cements with Bone Cement in Retrograde Cavities Prepared by Ultrasonic Retro Tips

Introduction: Surgical endodontic treatment comprises ofthorough debridement of pathological periradicular tissue,root end resection followed by a Class I retrograde cavitypreparation and insertion of root end filling material into theprepared cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pushout bond strength of Biodentine, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate(MTA) and Bone Cement used in the retro cavities, preparedwith ultrasonic retro tips.Material and methods: 60 human extracted single rootedteeth were selected and sectioned with a diamond disc (Horico,Germany) to standardize the root length of 15mm. The rootswere instrumented with rotary ProTaper Universal (DentsplyMaillefer) system till size F2. The root canals were obturatedusing gutta percha (Dentsply, Maillefer) and AH Plus sealer(Dentsply, Germany). 3mm of root end resection wasperformed with high speed hand piece under water coolant.3mm deep retro cavities were prepared with ultrasonic stainlesssteel retro tip (Woodpecker). All the specimens were dividedinto 3 groups (n=20) Group I: MTA (ProRoot, Tulsa Dental,USA), Group II Biodentine (Septodont, France), Group IIIBone Cement (Depuy, Johnsons and Johnsons). Each materialwas mixed according to the manufacturers instructions andfilled into the retro cavities. The specimens were sectionedperpendicularly to obtain 1mm thick slices from the apicalportion and subjected to push out bond strength testing underUniversal Testing Machine (Instron).Results: Biodentine showed more push out bond strength thanMTA and Bone Cement. There was no significant differencebetween MTA and Bone Cement groups.Conclusion: Bone Cement can be considered as one of thepotential retro filling material.

Prevalence and determinants of dental caries among primary school children in urban area of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu: a cross sectional study

Background: Dental caries is a preventable multi factorial disease which shows increase in prevalence over last five decades in India. In order to reduce its magnitude and for effective prevention and control, the risk factors and distribution should be well known. This study was planned with the objective of assessing the prevalence and determinants of dental caries among primary school children in an Urban area of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: This school based cross sectional study was carried out between November 2017 and February 2018 using a sample size of 430 selected from two schools by simple random sampling. Data were collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire, which were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 and presented using descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: Among the study participants, 52.9% had dental caries. Plaque accumulation was noted in 46.2%. About 74% were taking junk foods daily. About 47.1% children were rinsing their mouth daily and 34.6% were brushing more than once daily. Factors found to be protective against dental caries were high socio economic class and daily mouth rinsing habit. Odds of getting dental caries was more among children with visible dental plaque, daily junk foods intake, brushing once daily and failing to brush after foods. Conclusions: Dental caries is a high prevalent, preventable disease affecting both young and old aged individuals that can be mitigated by health education activities. Proper oral hygiene can prevent dental caries. Hence more importance should be given for oral hygiene and behavioral changes in dietary habits.

Use of Frozen Leaves for Morpho-anatomical Characterization of Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng) Mez, Lauraceae

Abstract Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez. it is a native tree species of the Atlantic Forest, commonly known as canela-preta. The species has some anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antirheumatic properties among others. In this work the use of frozen plant material for microscopy analysis was tested. In addition, the leaf morpho-anatomy of the species was characterized which allowed to perform a structural description and to identify structures of secretion and storage of essential oil. The plant material was prepared for analyzes in optical, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. The leaf anatomy shows glabrous epidermis, unistratified, paracytic stomata, absence of trichomes, polyhedral epidermal cells. Some typical family characteristics were observed as a closed arc-shaped bicollateral bundle vascular system and dorsiventral mesophyll. The structures of secretion and storage of essential oil were identified as secretory cavities.

Estado bucal en pacientes con fibrosis quística (FQ) / Oral status in patients with cystic fibrosis

En un estudio (Grasan, Sebelli, Anchava, Ferrari, y Biondi, 2016) se observó que niños con Fibrosis Quística (FQ) atendidos en un hospital revelaron menor patología dental comparados con pacientes sanos que concurrían a la Cátedra (FOUBA), siendo necesarios estudios comparativos con niños sin demanda de atención. Objetivo: determinar el estado bucal de pacientes pediátricos que concurren al Hospital Garrahan con diagnóstico de FQ y compararlos con niños sanos sin demanda de atención de la misma edad y sexo que concurren a una escuela pública del partido de Merlo, Buenos Aires. Método: Se empleó un diseño observacional, casos-control, en niños entre 3 y 16 años concurrentes Hospital (GFQ) y un grupo control de niños de la escuela (GS). A través de planillas se registraron datos personales, CPOD, CPOS, ceod, ceos, Indice de placa Silness y Loe, Hemorragia simplificado, Gingival Loe y Silness e Hipomineralización molar incisiva (HMI). Para la estimación de la prevalencia y otras variables cualitativas se calcularon las medias y desvíos estándar y Chi-cuadrado para las comparaciones. Resultados: cada grupo quedó conformado por 19 niños de 9+-6 años, 47% sexo femenino. Al comparar ambos grupos no se hallaron diferencias significativas en CPOD (p=0,236), CPOS (p=0,537), ceos (p=1,000), Indice de placa Silness y Loe (0,172) y Hemorragia simplificado (p=1,000) y HMI (p=0,001). Conclusiones: se concluye que los niños con FQ de la zona objeto del estudio, desde la muestra de 19 niños, no presentan diferencias en la salud bucal (AU)

Nivel de riesgo e incidencia de caries en niños atendidos en clínica estomatológica de pregrado / Risk level and caries incidence in children attended at a predoctoral stomatology clinic

Antecedentes: La caries tiene etiología multifactorial, se presenta por desbalance entre factores patológicos y protectores, es un problema de salud pública que en México afecta a 95% de los niños. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de caries, establecer el nivel de riesgo y evaluar su relación con la incidencia de caries a los tres y seis meses. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y longitudinal en clínica estomatológica de una universidad ubicada al sur de la Ciudad de México. Previo consentimiento informado, se realizó revisión bucal por dos cirujanos dentistas calibrados para el diagnóstico de caries/ICDAS (kappa 95.37%), llevada a cabo en sillón dental con luz artificial bajo principios para el control de infecciones. Se estableció nivel de riesgo mediante el Sistema Internacional para la Gestión de Caries/ICCMS empleando como indicadores: consumo de alimentos cariogénicos (Lipari/Andrade), pH (tiras Hidryon), prueba de saliva estimulada, experiencia de caries (CPOD/ceod), higiene bucal (O'Leary) y cultivo de Streptococcus mutans. Se realizó análisis estadístico para determinar medidas de tendencia central, dispersión y asociación entre variables mediante exacta de Fisher, STATA.SE/10. Resultados: La población en estudio fue de 42 niños con rango de edad de tres a 15 años, mediana de 7.04 (RIC = 5-9). La prevalencia de caries fue 95.23%, con estadios severos en 83.3%, el nivel de riesgo fue alto en 73.7% y se asoció con severidad de caries (p = 0.000), consumo de carbohidratos (p = 0.000), experiencia de caries (ceod) (p = 0.000) y S. mutans (p = 0.000). La incidencia de caries a los tres meses fue de 71.0% y a los seis meses de 11.1%. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de caries fue alta (95.23%) así como el riesgo de caries (73.7%), con elevada incidencia a tres meses (71%), aun cuando los pacientes estaban en tratamiento odontológico. La atención restaurativa prevalece a pesar de hacer diagnóstico de lesiones reversibles y determinación del nivel de riesgo (AU)

Background: Caries has multifactorial etiology, presented by the imbalance between pathological/protective factors, is a public health problem, affecting 95% of children in México. Objective: To determine the prevalence of caries, to establish the level of risk and to evaluate its relation with incidence of caries at three and six months. Material and methods: Observational, descriptive and longitudinal study in the stomatologic clinic of the UAM-Xochimilco. Before informed consent, oral revision was performed by two dental surgeons calibrated for the diagnosis of caries/ICDAS (kappa 95.37%), carried out in dental chair with artificial light under principles for the control of infections. Risk level was established through the International System for Caries Management/ICCMS; using as indicators: consumption of cariogenic foods (Lipari/Andrade), pH (Hidryon strips), stimulated saliva test, caries experience (CPOD/ceod), oral hygiene (O'Leary) and culture of Streptococcus mutans. Statistical analysis was performed to determine measures of central tendency, dispersion and association between variables with Fisher's exact, STATA.SE/10. Results: The study population consisted of 42 children with ages ranging from 3 to 15 years, median of 7.04 (Q1 = 5-Q3 = 9). The prevalence of caries was 95.23%, with severe stages in 83.3%, the risk level was high in 73.7% and was associated with caries severity (p = 0.000), carbohydrate consumption (p = 0.000), caries experience (ceod) (p = 0.000) and S. mutans (p = 0.000). The incidence of caries at three months was 71.0% and at six months 11.1%. Conclusions: The prevalence of caries was high (95.23%), as well as the risk for caries (73.7%), and high incidence at three months (71%), despite the fact that the patients were in dental treatment. Restorative care prevails despite the diagnosis of reversible lesions and determination of the level of risk (AU)

Bibliometrics analysis of factors influencing caries in preschool children in China / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the development trend and understand the development dynamics through research and analysis of factors influencing caries of preschool children in China,and provide reference and basis for the establishment of disease prevention and control strategy. Methods Based on the theme of dental caries or cavities or caries and factors or cause or reason and children ,the literatures were searched from CNKI, VIP Chinese science, technology database and Wanfang medical academic database and CBM from building to March 2018. The literature of preschool children caries disease factors, adopts the method of literature metrology analysis. Results A total of 303 literatures were detected, which were distributed in 165 journals and 40 core journals, accounting for 24.2% of the total number of periodicals. 28 articles were published in guangdong province, ranking the first. From building to March 2018, the number of posts has been increasing year by year;Fund funding started in 2003 and started late, but gradually increased after 2003.Tooth brushing, age, and sweets (snacks) are the three main causes of caries in preschool children. Conclusion The study on the factors affecting the caries of preschool children in China started late and may not be further studied due to the limitations of various conditions before 2000.In the last 10 years, the analysis of the factors affecting the dental caries of preschool children has been gradually deepened, and the number of publications has increased significantly.

Anatomical aspects, chemical analysis and cytotoxic effect of the essential oil from leaves of Casearia arborea (Salicaceae) / Aspectos anatómicos, análisis químico y efecto citotóxico del aceite esencial de Casearia arborea (Salicaceae)

The genus Casearia (Salicaceae) is found in sub-tropical and tropical regions of the world and comprises about 200 species. In Brazil, there are about 48 species and 12 are registered in the State of Rio de Janeiro; including Casearia arborea (Rich.) Urb. Essential oil was obtained from the fresh leaves by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. The cytotoxic effect was determined by WST-1 assay. Chemical analysis of the essential oil revealed a very diversified (n = 37 compounds) volatile fraction composed mainly of non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes (90.2%). These sesquiterpenes included byciclogermacrene (18.7%), germacrene D (12.1%) and α-humulene (11.5%). In addition, the essential oil demonstrated cytotoxic effects against A549 tumor cells in the concentration of 4 µg/mL (EC50) (p < 0.05).

El género Casearia (Salicáceas) se encuentra en las regiones tropicales y sub-tropicales del planeta y comprende alrededor de 200 especies. En Brasil existen 48 especies, 12 de las cuales fueron registradas en el Estado de Río de Janeiro incluyendo Casearia arborea (Rich.) Urb. El aceite esencial fue extraído de hojas frescas por hidrodestilación y analizado por GC-MS y GC-FID. El efecto citotóxico fue determinado por ensayo WST-1. Las cavidades secretorias fueron ocasionalmente encontradas tanto en la lámina foliar como en el pecíolo. El análisis químico del aceite esencial reveló una muy diversa fracción volátil (n = 37 compuestos) formada principalmente por sesquiterpenos no oxigenados (90,2%). Estos sesquiterpenos incluyen biciclogermacreno (18,7%), germacreno D (12,1%) y α-humuleno (11,5%). Además, el aceite esencial demostró efectos citotóxicos contra las células tumorales A549 en una concentración de 4µg/mL (EC50) (p < 0.05).

Estudo clínico randomizado de restaurações classe II de ART com e sem retenções proximais em dentes decíduos / Randomized clinical trial of multiple surface ART restorations with and without proximal retentions in primary teeth

O tratamento restaurador atraumático constitui-se numa abordagem de cuidados minimamente invasivos que objetivam a prevenção e interrupção da progressão da cárie dentária. Não existe na literatura estudo clínico randomizado em dentes decíduos comparando restaurações de classe II de ART, com e sem retenções adicionais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de sulcos de retenção proximal sobre as taxas de sobrevida das restaurações classe II de ART em dentes decíduos, usando cimento de ionômero de vidro de alta viscosidade e alta resistência flexural. Foram incluídas 183 crianças com idade entre 4 a 7 anos, com boa saúde geral, 1 a 4 cavidades de classe II em molares decíduos sem envolvimento pulpar ou dor de dente. Dessas crianças, 300 dentes foram randomizados e distribuídos em dois grupos, conforme o índice de cárie da criança e o tamanho da cavidade a ser restaurada. Os grupos foram: controle restaurações de ART classe II convencionais (Grupo 1, n=150) e teste restaurações de ART classe II contendo sulcos de retenção proximais (Grupo 2, n=150). Cada um dos grupos seguiu procedimentos clínicos padronizados. No grupo teste as retenções foram realizadas com colher de dentina modificada no ângulo gengivovestibular/ lingual até 0,5 mm da junção amelo-dentinária da margem oclusal. Após 6 e 12 meses 130 restaurações do Grupo 1 e 110 restaurações do Grupo 2 foram examinadas de forma cega utilizando os critérios do ART Frencken adaptado e do USPHS modificado. Para a taxa de sobrevida das restaurações foi utilizado o teste de Kaplan-Meier (p<0,05). Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos (p=0,70) utilizando os critérios do ART, sendo que as taxas de sobrevida encontradas para ambos os grupos foram superiores a 90%. O mesmo resultado foi observado em todos os critérios (cor, descoloração marginal, recidiva de cárie, forma anatômica, integridade marginal e textura superficial) USPHS (p>0,05). Os principais motivos de falhas das restaurações foram perda total ou parcial da restauração (84%), seguido de inflamação pulpar (16%). Conclui-se que as restaurações classe II de ART com sulcos de retenção proximal apresentaram taxa de sobrevida semelhantes às restaurações sem retenção após 6 e 12 meses.(AU)

The atraumatic restorative treatment is an approach of minimally invasive care that aims to prevent and interrupt the progression of dental caries. There is no randomized clinical trial in primary teeth with multiple surface ART restorations, with and without additional retentions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of proximal retention grooves on the survival rates of occlusoproximal ART restorations in primary teeth using high viscosity glass ionomer cement with high flexural strength. A total of 183 children aged 4 to 7 years, with good general health, 1 to 4 occlusoproximal cavities in primary molars without pulp involvement or tooth pain were included. Of these children, three hundred teeth were randomized and alocated into two groups, according to the child's caries index and the size of the cavity to be restored. The groups were: control - conventional occlusoproximal ART restorations (Group 1, n=150) and test - occlusoproximal ART restorations containing proximal retention grooves (Group 2, n=150). The procedures of both groups followed standardized steps. In the test group the retentions were performed with a modified dentin spoon at the gingival-vestibular / lingual angle up to 0.5 mm from the amelodentin junction of the occlusal margin. After 6 and 12 months 130 restorations in Group 1 and 110 restorations in Group 2 were examined (blind) using the modified ART Frencken criteria and the modified USPHS criteria. The Kaplan-Meier test was performed for the survival rate of the restorations (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between groups (p=0.70) using the ART criteria, and the survival rates found for both groups were greater than 90%. The same results was observed for all USPHS criteria (color, marginal discoloration, secondary decay, anatomical form, marginal integrity and surface texture) (p>0.05). The main reasons for restorations failure were total or partial loss of restoration (84%), followed by pulpal inflammation (16%). It was concluded that multiple surface ART restorations with proximal retention grooves presented similar survival rates to non-grooves restorations after 6 and 12 months.(AU)

The effectiveness of minimal flap surgery in the treatment of sub-gingival class V cavities / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of minimal flap surgery in the treatment sub-gingival caries ( class V cavities) . Methods:57 teeth(4 incisors, 13 canines, 38 premolars and 2 molars) with sub-gingival caries in 42 patients were treated by com-bined gingival flap surgery. Sub-gingival caries was fully exposed and the lesion was fully removed, then the deffects were filled with flowing resin. Before operation, 6 and 12 months after treatment, PD, SBI and gingival recession were examined. Results:Success rate of the treatment was 98. 25%. No statistically significant difference of the indexes was found during 12-month-follow up. Conclu-sion:Minimal flap surgery is effective for the treatment of sub-gingival caries ( class V cavities) .

Prevalencia y factores pronósticos de caries dental en la población de 15 a 19 años / Prevalence and prognostic factors of dental caries in population aged 15 to 19

Introducción: las edades entre 15 y 19 años es una etapa en la que se pueden consolidar actitudes y comportamientos saludables como los de prevención de la caries dental. Objetivos: identificar la prevalencia de caries dental y los factores pronósticos que conducen a la enfermedad en los adolescentes de 15 a 19 años de los consultorios 8 y 25 del Área de Salud Julián Grimau en el año 2012. Método: se realizó una investigación descriptiva. El universo fue de 120 adolescentes, residentes en el área que atienden los consultorios. Se exploraron variables de estado de salud bucal, características socioeconómicas, prácticas nocivas a la salud, y daños a la salud. La información se resumió en frecuencias absolutas y por cientos. Se aplicó la prueba estadística de independencia para identificar la asociación entre la presencia de caries dental y las variables estudiadas con un nivel de significación de 0,05. Para la identificación de los factores pronósticos, la muestra se dividió en dos grupos, los casos fueron los adolescentes con caries y los controles, los que no la tenían; se utilizó la regresión logística paso a paso y mediante el estadígrafo de Wald con una significación de 0,05 se agregaron las variables al modelo. Resultados: la caries dental estuvo presente en la tercera parte de los adolescentes. Los afectados presentaron más frecuentemente historia anterior de caries, placa dentobacteriana, uso de aparatos de ortodoncia, enfermedad periodontal, incorrecta calidad del cepillado, consumo de alimentos cariogénicos, condiciones inadecuadas de la vivienda; la ocupación de los adolescentes y de los padres respondía a menos remuneración. Los factores pronósticos de caries fueron: la historia anterior de caries dental, la enfermedad gingival, el consumo de alimentos cariogénicos, el apiñamiento y la ocupación de la madre. Conclusiones: la presencia de caries estuvo relacionada con prácticas nocivas a la salud y aspectos socioeconómicos y clínicos que a su vez son factores pronósticos para la aparición de una nueva afección dentaria de este tipo(AU)

Introduction: ages between 15 and 19 years is a stage in which attitudes and healthy behaviors such as the prevention of dental caries can be consolidated. Objectives: identify the prevalence of dental caries and the prognostic factors leading to disease in adolescents aged 15 to 19 assisted at medical practices 8 and 25 in Julian Grimau Health Area during 2012. Method: a descriptive research was conducted. The universe was 120 adolescents, residing in the health areas of these two medical practices. Variables were explored such as oral health status, socio-economic characteristics, harmful health practices, and health damage. Data is summarized in absolute frequencies and percentages. Statistical independence test was applied to identify the association between the presence of dental caries and these variables with a significance level of 0.05. For identifying of prognostic factors, the sample was divided into two groups: cases (teenagers with cavities) and controls (those who did not have). The stepwise logistic regression was used and variables to the model were added through Wald statistic with 0.05 significance. Results: the third of adolescents had caries. Those affected presented more frequently previous history of caries, presence of plaque, use of braces, periodontal disease, improper brushing, cariogenic food consumption, inadequate housing conditions and the occupation of adolescents and their parents responded to low income salary. The caries prognostic factors were previous history of caries, the presence of gum disease, cariogenic foods, crowding and their mother´s occupation. Conclusions: the presence of caries was associated with harmful health practices and socio-economic and clinical aspects, which in turn forecasts the emergence of a new dental condition of such factors(AU)

Stafne bone cavity and cone-beam computed tomography: a report of two cases

In 1942 Stafne reported 35 asymptomatic, radiolucent cavities that were unilaterally located in the posterior region of the mandible between the mandibular angle and the third molar, and below the mandibular canal. The term Stafne bone cavity (SBC) is now used for such asymptomatic lingual bone depressions of the lower jaw. Since then there have been many reports of SBCs but very fews tudies have used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for their diagnosis. The aim of this paper is to describe the clinical and radiological characteristics of two cases of SBCs and the importance of limited CBCT in confirming the diagnosis.