Source and application of seed cells in bioartificial liver support system / 临床肝胆病杂志

So far， there are still no specific treatment methods for severe hepatitis and liver failure， resulting in a mortality rate of over 70%， and they are the difficulties in the treatment of critical illness in China and globally. Liver transplantation is currently the most effective treatment method for end-stage liver disease， but only 1%‍ ‍—‍ ‍2% of patients can receive the opportunity for organ transplantation. The bioartificial liver support system utilizes external mechanical， physical， and biological devices to remove various harmful substances accumulated in the patient’s body， compensate for the metabolic functions of the liver， supplement necessary substances， improve internal environment， promote the recovery of liver function， help patients get through the critical period， and save time for liver transplantation， and therefore， it is considered one of the important methods for the treatment of end-stage liver disease. Since hepatocytes are the core element of bioartificial liver， this article summarizes the sources of liver seed cells， 3D culture methods， and corresponding bioreactor culture systems and hopes to gradually solve the core issue of large-scale in vitro preparation of hepatocytes to obtain hepatocytes with adequate quantity and quality， which urgently needs to be addressed in clinical application.

Characteristics and functions of exosomes from different cell sources / 国际药学研究杂志

Exosomes, cystic vesicles secreted by living cells, carry lipids, proteins and genetic materials, and transmits biological informations in the body. The unique tissue or cell-specific proteins and genetic materials in the exo- somes generally reflect the cell origin and the physiological state of cells, so the exosomes from different cell sources appear to have different characteristics and functions. In view of the endogenous character, biocompatibility and functional versatility, the exosomes are expected to be a new means for the drug delivery systems, immunotherapies, and precision treatment. This review summarizes the exosomes secreted by different cells, focusing on the research achievement in their characteristics and functionalization studies in recent years.