Research progress in culture, purification and isolation of synovial type A cells in vitro and their biological functions / 国际生物医学工程杂志

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is surrounded by a joint capsule, the smooth inner layer of which is called the synovial membrane. Synovium is involved in various intraarticular diseases, and it is a key area of joint disease. Synovial type-A cells are located in the lining layer of the synovial membrane, mostly on the side of the membrane close to the joint cavity. They have a strong phagocytic effect, and their main role is to remove the degradation products of the intra-articular and extracellular matrix. Various intra-articular diseases will affect the synovium, which is the key area of joint disease. The method of cell culture in vitro can effectively simulate the growth environment of cells in vivo and can accurately understand the effects of single and multiple factors on synovial cells, which has become a basic research method. In this review paper, the latest research progress in human temporomandibular joint type-A synoviocytes is reviewed from the aspects of cell origin, in vitro culture, cell purification, and cell biological function.

Endothelial Progenitor Cells' Classification and Application in Neurological Diseases

The therapeutic effects of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) on ischemic stroke have been extensively studied in recent years. However, the differences in early EPCs and endothelial outgrowth cells (EOCs) are still unclear. Clarifications of their respective properties and specific functioning characteristics contribute to better applications of EPCs in ischemic diseases. In this review, we discuss cellular origin, isolation, culture, surface markers of early EPCs and EOCs and relevant applications in neurological diseases. We conclude that EOCs possess all haracteristics of true endothelial progenitors and have potent advantages in EPC-based therapies for ischemic diseases. A number of preclinical and clinical applications of EPCs in neurological diseases are under study. More studies are needed to determine the specific characteristics of EPCs and the relevant mechanisms of EPCs for neurological diseases.

Epiblast embryo stem cells give origin to adult pluripotent cell populations: primordial germ cell, pericytic and haematopoyetic stem cells: a review / Las células madre del epiblasto dan origen a poblaciones de células pluripotentes adultas: células germinales primordiales, células madre pericíticas y hematopoyéticas: revisión

Adult stem cells are great promise to the future of regenerative therapy, and understanding of its embryonic origin permit the discrimination of stem cell sources. Embryonic stem cells derived from inner cell mass of blastocyst originate the primordial germ cells, and pericyte stem cell associated to vessels endothelium in yolk sac. Currently, it is being proposed that embryonic primordial germ cell could originate hematopoietic stem cells based on the detection of germ cell markers (SSEA-1/TEC-1, Oct-4 and Nanog) in stem cell harvested from fetal liver and bone marrow. However, different experimental evidence points at two separate differentiation routes toward primordial germ cells, and hematopoietic stem cell with the same embryonic origin. The expression of undifferentiated stem cell markers in umbilical cord and placental vessels, such CD34, CXCR4, c-kit and OCT4 demonstrates the intimate relation between pericyte stem cells, endothelium, haematopoiesis, and primordial germ cells, which all originate from embryonic stem cell from the inner cell mass epiblast.

Las células madre adultas son una gran promesa para el futuro de la terapia regenerativa, y la comprensión de su origen embrionario permite la discriminación de las fuentes de células madre. Las células madre embrionarias derivadas del macizo celular interno del blastocisto originan las células germinales primordiales, y células madre pericíticas asociadas al endotelio de los vasos del saco vitelino. En la actualidad, se propone que las células germinales primordiales embrionarias podrían originar a las células madre hematopoyéticas sobre la base de la detección de marcadores de células germinales (SSEA-1/TEC-1 oct-4 y Nanog) en células madre extraídas de hígado fetal y médula ósea. Sin embargo, diferentes evidencias experimentales apuntan hacia dos vías separadas de diferenciación en células germinales primordiales, y en células madre hematopoyéticas con el mismo origen embrionario. La expresión de marcadores de células madre no diferenciadas en el cordón umbilical y los vasos de la placenta, como CD34, CXCR4, c-kit y OcT4 demuestra la íntima relación entre las células madre pericíticas, el endotelio y las células germinales primordiales, las que se originan en células madre embrionarias a partir del epiblasto del macizo celular interno.

Research Progress in Cancer Stem Cells / 中国生物工程杂志

The cancer stem cell hypothesis posits that cancer stem cells,which are rare among the tumor cell population and share many common properties with normal stem cells,and have been positively identified and successfully isolated from some cancers,are responsible for tumorigenesis and implicated in multistage cancer progression,particularly with respect to metastasis.A better understanding may provide insights into the development of cancer stem cell-targeting therapeutic strategies.The examines what is known regarding cancer stem cells' concept,comparison with normal stem cell,potential origins,assays for isolation and their roles in metastasis.

A Clinical Analysis of 11 Cases of Pineal Region Tumor

The authors analyzed 11 cases of pineal region tumor in young male patients who had been treated at the Capital Armed General Hospital. So, the following results were obtained. 1) Due to the army distinctiveness, all cases were young male patients. 2) An unusual large proportion of pineal region tumor(26.2%) was noted. 3) Headache and vomiting were main presenting symptoms and the duration of symptoms was short. 4) The tumors were mainly presented as a round well-enchancing masses with calcification. Also, nearly all were associated with hydrocephalus. 5) MRI was very useful for the demonstration of tumor extent. 6) Based on the classification of pineal tumor, the tumors of germ cell origin were predominant(81.9%). 7) The extrapineal metastasis was frequent. 8) The tumor marker(alpha-FP and HCG) was postive in 4 cases(36.4%). 9) Germinoma showed excellent prognosis for the irradiation following a drainage procedure.