RESUMO
Rejection is the main cause of transplantation failure. Currently, the specificity and sensitivity of clinical parameters are relatively poor, which cannot accurately prompt the exact cause of rejection. It is of great clinical significance to explore novel biomarkers for monitoring the rejection. In this article, the latest research progress on the biomarkers of rejection risk in organ transplantation were summarized from the perspectives of transplantation pathology, immune cells and regulatory immune cells, non-human leukocyte antigen antibodies, exosomes, cell-free DNA and combination gene prediction, aiming to provide reference for early warning and treatment of rejection in organ transplantation.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: To find the most effective method for extraction of cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) from maternal plasma, we compared a blood DNA extraction system (blood kit) and a viral DNA extraction system (viral kit) for non-invasive first-trimester fetal gender determination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted with maternal plasma collected from 44 women in the first-trimester of pregnancy. The cf-DNA was extracted from maternal plasma using a blood kit and a viral kit. Quantitative fluorescent-polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) was used to detect the SRY gene and AMEL gene. The diagnostic accuracy of the QF-PCR results was determined based on comparison with the final delivery records. RESULTS: A total of 44 women were tested, but the final delivery record was only obtained in 36 cases which included 16 male-bearing and 20 female-bearing pregnancies. For the blood kit and viral kit, the diagnostic accuracies for fetal gender determination were 63.9% (23/36) and 97.2% (35/36), respectively. CONCLUSION: In non-invasive first-trimester fetal gender determination by QF-PCR, using a viral kit for extraction of cf-DNA may result in a higher diagnostic accuracy.