Effect on hyperglycemia and pancreas cells of chaya aqueous extracts from two different regions in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats

Cnidoscolus chayamansa is a native plant of the Mayan region, which is also cultivated in other places like northern Mexico, Tunisia and India. Many properties are attributed to Mayan Chaya, such as aid in the control of glycemia in diabetics. Thus this study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of chaya aqueous extracts in a model of streptozotisin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Chaya aqueous extracts were collected from plants cultivated in Quinta Roo (Mayan region) and Durango (northern Mexico), and in this study we compare their effect with metformin (as a control). Additionally, we compared the extracts mass profiles from both regions by high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole tandem mass detector (HPLC-MS/MS QQQ). Finally, a study of the pancreatic tissue was carried out to evaluate the effects of the extracts on the Langerhans islets. Both extracts showed a good hypoglycemic effect after two weeks of treatment, and the Langerhans islets showed a partial recovery due to the effect of the treatment. Although the plants were cultivated at a distance of 2,350 km and under different weather, the compounds found in both did not show significant differences.

Fitoquímica preliminar, actividad antioxidante e hipoglucemiante de extractos de hojas de Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I. M. Johnst (chaya) / Phytochemical, antioxidant and hypoglucemic activity of extracts from leaves of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I. M. Johnst (chaya)

Objetivo: evaluar, preliminarmente, la composición química de diferentes extractos obtenidos a partir de las hojas de Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I. M. Johnst que crece en Ecuador, así como la actividad antioxidante e hipoglucemiante del extracto acuoso. Métodos: el estudio fitoquímico de la droga cruda fue realizado mediante Cromatografía gaseosa acoplada a Espectrometría de Masa y Resonancia Magnética Nuclear Protónica a diferentes extractos obtenidos por maceración en hexano, acetona y metanol. La evaluación antioxidante del extracto acuoso incluyó determinaciones del potencial de reducción total, de glutatión reducido y organoperóxidos totales. La actividad hipoglucemiante del extracto acuoso liofilizado se estudió, en ratas, utilizando alloxano como agente inductor de la hiperglucemia. Resultados: se identificaron los principales metabolitos presentes en el material vegetal, resaltando los ácidos grasos (ácido palmítico, ácido linoleico, ácido ?-linoleico), triterpenos (3 ceto-?-amirina, ?-amirina, acetato de ?-amirina y acetato de lupeol) y azúcares (glicerol, xilitol, arabitol, glucitol). En cuanto a las potencialidades de empleo de la planta: la actividad antioxidante para los grupos -SH no proteicos del extracto acuoso de droga cruda a concentraciones de 0,12 mg/mL mostró valores significativos en relación con los intervalos de referencia en plasma humano. Sin embargo, el extracto acuoso liofilizado obtenido a partir de la droga cruda, a la dosis de 500 mg/kg de peso corporal de la rata, no demostró poseer efecto hipoglucemiante(AU) Conclusiones: de manera preliminar se identificaron los principales metabolitos presentes en la especie que crece en Ecuador y las posibilidades de empleo del extracto acuoso como agente antioxidante, no así como hipoglucemiante(AU)

Objective: to evaluate, preliminary, chemical composition of different extracts obtained from leaves of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I. M. Johns, and antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity of water extract. Methods: phytochemical study to different extracts obtained by maceration in hexane, acetone and methanol was conducted by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Antioxidant evaluation of water extract included total reduction potential, reduced glutathione and organoperoxides determinations. The hypoglycemic activity of lyophilized water extract was studied in rats using alloxano as hyperglycemia-inducing agent. Results: the main metabolites present in the plant were identified, fatty acids (palmitic acid, linoleic acid, ?-linolenic acid), triterpenes (3 keto ?-amyrin, ?-amyrin, ?-amyrin acetate and ?-lupeol acetate) and sugars (glycerol, xylitol, arabitol, glucitol). For potential use of the plant: antioxidant activity for non-protein -SH groups of the water extract of raw drug at concentrations of 0,12 mg/mL showed significant values compared to the reference ranges in human plasma. However, the lyophilized water extract obtaines from de raw drug (dose of 500 mg/kg body weight of rat) was shown to possess hypoglycemic effect. Conclusions: were identified, preliminary, the mayor metabolites present in the species growing in Ecuador and possible use of water extract as antioxidant agent and not like hipoglucemian(AU)