Projeto-piloto do primeiro inquérito nacional de populações expostas a substâncias químicas, 2008-2009 / Pilot study of the first national survey of populations exposed to chemicals, 2008-2009 / Proyecto piloto de la primera encuesta nacional de poblaciones expuestas a substancias químicas, 2008-2009

Para viabilizar a futura realização de um Inquérito Nacional de Populações Expostas a Substâncias Químicas, executou-se um projeto-piloto para examinar a exequibilidade, testar e adequar metodologias e estabelecer parcerias. Foram realizados três estudos de corte transversal, respectivamente, com doadores de sangue residentes na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo-SP, conscritos do Exército Brasileiro e crianças escolares residentes no município do Rio de Janeiro-RJ, mediante aplicação de questionários e coleta de material biológico (sangue venoso e capilar, unha e cabelo) para análise de metais e compostos organoclorados persistentes. Concluiu-se que é viável a realização de um Inquérito Nacional, embora a estratégia de obtenção das amostras biológicas deva ser definida para cada subgrupo da população. Recomenda-se aproveitar as estruturas de serviços existentes para obtenção de amostras, utilizar matrizes tradicionais para maior comparabilidade e garantir sua realização periódica.

To enable the future establishment of a National Survey of Populations Exposed to Chemical Substances, a pilot study was conducted to assess the feasibility, to test and adjust methodologies, and to establish partnerships. Three cross-sectional studies were performed: with blood donors residents in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazilian army conscripts and schoolchildren living in the city of Rio de Janeiro, by applying a questionnaire and collecting biological material (capillary and venous blood, nail and hair) for the analysis of metals and persistent organochlorine compounds. We concluded that it is feasible to carry out a National Survey, but the strategy for obtaining the biological samples must be set for each sub-group of the population. Moreover, it is recommended to take advantage of the structures of existing services for obtaining samples to maintain the comparability and ensure their periodicity.

Para hacer viable la futura realización de una Encuesta Nacional de Poblaciones Expuestas a Sustancias Químicas, se ejecutó un proyecto piloto para examinar la posibilidad de ejecutar, probar y adecuar metodologías y establecer colaboraciones. Se realizaron tres estudios de corte transversal, respectivamente, con donantes de sangre residentes en la Región Metropolitana de São Paulo-SP, conscriptos del Ejército Brasileño y niños escolares residentes en el municipio de Rio de Janeiro-RJ, mediante aplicación de cuestionarios y colecta de material biológico (sangre venosa y capilar, uña y pelo) para análisis de metales y compuestos organoclorados persistentes. Se concluye que es viable la realización de una Encuesta Nacional, aunque la estrategia para la obtención de las muestras biológicas deba ser definida para cada subgrupo de la población. Se recomienda aprovechar las estructuras de servicios existentes para obtener las muestras, utilizar matrices tradicionales para una mejor comparación y garantizar su realización periódica.

Monitoring of Electrophile Chemical Pollutants Using Transgenic Firefly Luciferase Gene Cells / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To assess quickly the potential environmental pollution by using the luciferase transgenic cells. Methods Many electrophile compounds in the environment can generate oxidative stress,so that the transcription of certain protective genes is induced via specific DNA motifs called electrophile response elements (EPREs). We have made a vector containing a single EPRE fused to the TK minimal promoter and the gene encoding firefly luciferase (EPRE-LUC) by adopting bio-molecular techniques. From this vector the stable LUC expression vector regulated by EPRE had been successfully reconstructed. This reporter construct was transfected into HeLa cells,and the clones resistant to G418 were selected. The resistant cells were treated by the different concentrations of sodium arsenate(NaAsO2),cadmium chloride (CdCl2),mercury chloride(HgCl2) and diethyl mateate (DEM). After that,the expression of luciferase was determined by luciferase assay kit. Results The correct construct frame of LUC reporter vector regulated by EPRE was identified by DNA sequencing; the dose-dependent relationships between the LUC expression and the test substance concentration were found. Among them,the relationship produced by DEM was the most significant. Conclusion The LUC transgenic cells regulated by EPRE have been successfully constructed.