Uso de bleomicina en el manejo del derrame pleural recidivante maligno / Bleomycin in the management of malignant recurrent pleural effusion

Introducción: El derrame pleural recidivante maligno se reproduce en breve tiempo y requiere el diagnóstico etiológico positivo de malignidad, la etiología más frecuente es el cáncer de pulmón. La pleurodesis química es el tratamiento de elección con la aplicación intrapleural de sustancias sinfisiantes. Objetivo: Describir la respuesta clínica y radiológica de los enfermos con derrame pleural recidivante maligno con el uso de bleomicina. Método: Estudio observacional comparativo en 30 pacientes con derrame pleural recidivante maligno divididos en dos grupos, en uno se aplicó la bleomicina intrapleural y al otro yodo povidona. Resultado: El 33,3 por ciento fueron del sexo masculino, 60 por ciento perteneció al grupo de edades de 60-69 años. El grupo tratado con bleomicina presentó una respuesta clínica favorable en los síntomas, p<0,005 después de la pleurodesis. En la evaluación de la respuesta radiológica, 66,6 por ciento pacientes tratados con la bleomicina tuvieron una resolución completa. Conclusiones: Se logró una buena respuesta clínica-radiológica con la pleurodesis química similar entre ambas modalidades de tratamiento. Se obtuvieron mejores resultados y menos reacciones adversas con la bleomicina intrapleural(AU)

Introduction: The malignant recurrent pleural effusion reproduces in short time and it requires a positive etiological diagnosis of malignancy, the most frequent etiology is lung cancer. Chemical pleurodesis is the treatment of choice with the intrapleural application of symphysiating substances. Objective: To describe the clinical and radiological response of patients with malignant recurrent pleural effusion with the use of bleomycin. Method: A comparative observational study in 30 patients with recurrent malignant pleural effusion was carried out. They were divided into two groups, one used intrapleural bleomycin and the other group used povidone iodine. Result: 33.3 percent were male, 60 percent belonged to the 60-69 age group. The group treated with bleomycin presented favorable clinical response in symptoms, p <0.005 after pleurodesis. At the evaluation of the radiological response, 66.6 percent patients treated with bleomycin had a complete resolution. Conclusions: Good clinical-radiological response was achieved with similar chemical pleurodesis between both treatment modalities. Better results and fewer adverse reactions were obtained with intrapleural bleomycin(AU)

Role Of Povidone-Iodine As An Effective And Safe Agent In Chemical Pleurodesis.

Setting: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geetanjali medical college and hospital, Udaipur Aim: The study the efficacy and safety of povidone iodine in chemical pleurodesis Methodology: A mixture of 20 ml of 10% povidone-iodine + 10 ml of 2% lignocaine + 70 ml of Normal saline was inserted through intercostal drainage tube. Results: Total of 68 patients were taken into the study. Out of all, forty nine patients (72%) achieved confirmed complete response to treatment while nine patients (13.2%) achieved partial response. Failure of treatment was seen in ten (14.7%) patients. The overall success rate was 85.2%. Conclusions: Pleurodesis with povidone iodine is a safe and effective method which can be used for chemical pleurodesis.

Efficacy & safety of iodopovidone pleurodesis: a systematic review & meta-analysis.

Background & objectives: Chemical pleurodesis is an accepted therapy for patients with recurrent pleural effusions and pneumothorax. Iodopovidone has been shown to be safe and effective for chemical pleurodesis in several studies. The aim of this systematic review was to update a previously reported meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of iodopovidone pleurodesis. Methods: Two databases MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for a period (1952-2010), and studies that have reported success rates with iodopovidone pleurodesis were selected. The proportions with 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the outcomes in the individual studies and the results were pooled using a random effects model. Results: Thirteen eligible studies with 499 patients were included in the mata-analysis. The success rates varied from 70 to 100 per cent in different studies with the pooled success rate being 88.7 per cent (95% CI, 84.1 to 92.1). The success rate was not affected by the method (tube thoracostomy vs. thoracoscopy, 89.6 vs. 94.2%) or the indication of pleurodesis (pleural effusion vs. pneumothorax, 89.2 vs. 94.9%). The only significant complication reported was chest pain of varying degree. Systemic hypotension was reported in six patients across the studies. There were no deaths associated with iodopovidone pleurodesis. Statistical heterogeneity and publication bias were found. Interpretation & conclusions: Iodopovidone may be considered a safe and effective agent for chemical pleurodesis in patients with pleural effusions and recurrent pneumothoraces.

Chemical pleurodesis for the management of refractory hepatic hydrothorax in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis / 대한간학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatic hydrothorax in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis is a challenging problem. Treatment with diuretics and intermittent thoracentesis can be effective in selected patients. However, there are few effective therapeutic options in patients who are intolerant of these therapies. This study investigated the clinical usefulness of chemical pleurodesis with or without video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for patients with refractory hepatic hydrothorax. METHODS: Eleven consecutive patients with refractory hepatic hydrothorax who underwent chemical pleurodesis with or without VATS between July 2007 and February 2011 were enrolled in this study. The medical records and radiologic imagings of these patients were thoroughly reviewed. RESULTS: The median number of chemical pleurodesis sessions performed was 3 (range: 2-10). Successful pleurodesis was achieved in 8 of the 11 patients (72.7%), 5 (62.5%) of whom remained asymptomatic and hydrothorax free for a median follow-up of 16 weeks (range: 2-52 weeks). Complications were low-grade fever/leukocytosis (n=11, 100%), pneumonia (n=1, 9.1%), pneumothorax (n=4, 36.4%), azotemia/acute renal failure (n=6, 54.6%), and hepatic encephalopathy (n=4, 36.4%). Five patients were suspected as having procedure-related mortality (45.5%) due to the occurrence of acute renal failure with hepatic failure. The overall survival was significantly longer in the success group than in the non-success group. CONCLUSIONS: Although chemical pleurodesis may improve the clinical symptoms and the radiologic findings in as many as 72.7% of patients with refractory hepatic hydrothorax, a significantly high prevalence of procedure-related morbidity and mortality hinders the routine application of this procedure for such patients.

Algoritmo para el tratamiento del neumotórax traumático: experiencia de 10 años / Algorithm for treatment of traumatic pneumothorax: ten-years experience

INTRODUCCIÓN. La conducta ante un neumotórax tiene como objetivos fundamentales el alivio de los síntomas y evitar las complicaciones propias de esta entidad. El tratamiento puede ir desde el conservador hasta la resección pleural, y depende de la causa, intensidad del neumotórax, síntomas del paciente y enfermedades asociadas. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar el comportamiento del neumotórax espontáneo y traumático y evaluar su tratamiento. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico, con elementos analíticos, descriptivo, retro y prospectivo, de corte longitudinal, en 154 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico radiológico de neumotórax, que fueron atendidos entre octubre de 1998 y diciembre de 2008 siguiendo un algoritmo de trabajo confeccionado con esta finalidad. La muestra estudiada estuvo compuesta por 154 pacientes. RESULTADOS. En el estudio predominó el sexo masculino, el hábito de fumar y el tipo de neumotórax traumático. La pleurotomía mínima fue efectiva en el 94,8 por ciento de los pacientes. Los neumotórax traumáticos fueron en total 126 (81,2 por ciento). De éstos, 120 (77,9 por ciento) fueron producidos por heridas por arma blanca y contusiones y 6 fueron iatrogénicos (3,8 por ciento). La complicación más frecuente después de pleurotomía fue la obstrucción de la sonda pleural. CONCLUSIONES. El tratamiento médico, la pleurotomía mínima indiferente, la pleurotomía mínima alta y la pleurodesis química tuvieron una efectividad de entre el 90 y el 100 por ciento. Predominaron las variedades de neumotórax traumáticos. Las indicaciones de toracotomía en esta serie fueron por neumotórax persistente y recidivante, y traumático(AU)

INTRODUCTION. The proceed in the face of a pneumothorax has as fundamental objectives the symptoms relief and to avoid the complications typical of this entity. The treatment could be of conservative type up to the pleural resection depending on the cause, its intensity, symptoms of patient, and associated diseases. The objective of present paper was to analyze the behavior of he spontaneous and traumatic pneumothorax and also to assess its treatment.. METHODS. A multi-center study was conducted using analytical, descriptive, retrospective and prospective, cross-sectional elements in 154 patients with clinical, radiological diagnosis of the pneumothorax seen between October, 1998 and December, 2008, following the work algorithm designed for this aim. Study sample included 154 patients. RESULTS. In present study there was predominance of male sex, smoking and the type of traumatic pneumothorax. The minimal pleurotomy was effective in the 94,8 percent of patients. The traumatic pneumothorax were 126 (81,2 percent). From these, 120 (77,9 percent) were caused by firearms wounds and contusions and six were of iatrogenic type (3,8 percent. The more frequent complication after pleurotomy was the pleural tube obstruction. CONCLUSIONS. The medical treatment, indifferent minimal pleurotomy, the high minimal pleurotomy and the chemical pleurodesis had a effectiveness between the 90 and the 100 percent. There was predominance of several types of traumatic pneumothorax in this series, thoracotomy indications were due to a persistent, traumatic, relapsing pneumothorax(AU)

Neumotórax espontáneo primario recurrente

Presentamos un caso de neumotórax espontáneo primario recurrente en un adolescente de 13 años de edad previamente sano . El paciente presentó súbitamente dolor punzante en el hemitórax izquierdo y disnea de medianos y grandes esfuerzos. En la radiografía de tórax se evidenció un neumotórax izquierdo. El paciente fue referido al Hospital del Niño para su manejo. Se refiere un episodio similar al descrito seis meses antes del evento actual. Se encontraba asintomático al momento de su hospitalización. Era evidente una elevación anterior del hemitórax izquierdo y disminución de los ruidos pulmonares en el campo pulmonar izquierdo. En la radiografía de tórax se encontró un neumotórax izquierdo de 70% y una bula en el lóbulo superior izquierdo. Se consideró el diagnóstico de un neumotórax espontáneo primario izquierdo recurrente. Fue tratado con oxigeno húmedo al 100%, resección de las bulas y pleurodesis química. El centrol radiográfico mostró resolución del neumotórax. Egresó y continuo controles en la consulta de cirugía y neurología.

The authors describe a thirteen years old boy with a recurrence fo a primary spontaneous pneumothorax . He was a healthy boy without underlying lung disease. The main complain was the sudden onset of an acute sharp and diffuse pain located on the left hemithorax. Besides, the patient had medium and big efforts dyspnea. A chest radiograph was made and a left pneumothorax was detected. The patient was referred to the Hospital del Niño for his management and treatment. The patient had a history of a similar clinical picture six months before the actual event. The patient was asymptomatic at the moment of the hospital admission . Physical findings were asymmetry of the left hemithorax and diminished breath sounds on the affected side. There was evidence, on the chest radiograph, of a left pneumothorax of 70% with collapse of the lung and the presence of an apical sub pleural bulla in the upper left lobe. The diagnosis of a recurrence of a primary spontaneous pneumothorax was made by the patient´s history. The administration of humidified 100 per cent oxygen was indicated and the patient was evaluated by a surgeon for surgical treatment. The surgical procedure was resection of blebs by thoracoscopy and chemical pleurodesis. The control chest radiograph showed evacuation of the pneumothorax and reexpansion of the left lung. The chest tube was removed two days after surgery. The patient was discharged nine days after the hospital admission with follow up in the out patient clinic.

Congenital chylothorax - Successful management with chemical pleurodesis.

Congenital Chylothorax is a rare entity which is characterized by abnormal accumulation of chyle in pleural cavity. Chylothorax presenting as non-immune hydrops is even rarer. We report a case of congenital bilateral chylothorax presenting as non immune hydrops and managed successfully with chemical pleurodesis. A term male baby presented at birth with bilateral pleural effusions and subcutaneous edema. It was initially managed with ventilation and intercostals drainage (ICD). After the initiation of feeds, re-accumulation of pleural fluid led to the diagnosis of congenital chylothorax. Management with ICD and octreotide was unsuccessful but responded to chemical pleurodesis with 4% povidine iodine done on 3 separate occasions.

Pleurodesis en derrame pleural maligno / Pleurodesis in maliagnant pleural effusions

Tradicionalmente, la pleurodesis se ha empleado en enfermos con neoplasias malignas confirmadas y esperanza razonable de sobrevida, complicados con derrame pleural recurrente de más de la mitad del hemitórax, con disnea que mejora con la evacuación del líquido, un pulmón que puede expandirse hasta la pared torácica y la expectativa de un periodo de sobrevida razonable. La evacuación del líquido y la inducción de esclerosis pleural se puede intentar en la cama del enfermo, o en el cubículo de urgencias con un catéter fino o una sonda de mayor diámetro, en una sala de procedimientos por toracoscopía de un acceso con anestesia local y sedación, o bien, en un quirófano con anestesia general por videotoracoscopía, introduciendo sustancias esclerosantes y/o realizando diversos tipos de abrasión sobre las pleuras parietal y visceral. Se propone el empleo de pleurodesis cerrada de primera intención con un catéter pleural o vascular que sirve para evacuar todo el líquido e introducir el agente esclerosante, en enfermos con neoplasias malignas que cursen con derrame pleural de más de la mitad del hemitórax, con disnea o sin ella, y esperanza razonable de sobrevida; según el caso particular, el catéter se puede extraer, previo control radiográfico, dejarlo para repetir la pleurodesis varios días y luego retirarlo o, si falla la pleurodesis, dejarlo in situ para drenar el tórax con una jeringa cada vez que sea necesario, sin preocuparse ya por buscar la pleurodesis en estos enfermos afectados por una neoplasia terminal, y que desean vivir sin disnea los días que les quedan de vida; el procedimiento no es oneroso, se realiza sin necesidad de hospitalización, no requiere sonda torácica ni drenaje pleural y es efectivo en el 90% de los enfermos. El consenso de la información actual no aconseja la pleurectomfa parietal como procedimiento de elección.

Traditionally, pleurodesis has been attempted in patients with confirmed malignant tumors with recurring pleural effusions of more than half the size of the hemithorax, dyspnea that is relieved by evacuation of the fluid, a lung able to reach the chest wall and the expectation of a reasonably long survival period. Pleurodesis can be done at the bedside, the emergency room, in a procedure room by medical thoracoscopy under local anesthesia and sedation, or in the operating room by VATS under general anesthesia, introducing an sclerosing agent and/or producing pleural abrasion by different means. We propose "first contact closed pleurodesis " for patients with an unequivocal diagnosis of malignancy, a pleural effusion of more than half the size of the hemithorax, even if asymptomatic, and the expectation of a reasonably long survival period, using a vascular or pleural catheter to drain the fluid and introduce the sclerosing substance; depending on the chest x-ray, the catheter can be pulled out, left in situ to repeat the introduction of the sclerosing agent or, if this fails, to drain the fluid as often as necessary with a sterile syringe, ignoring the goal to achieve pleurodesis; the procedure is effective in over 90% of cases and non-expensive, can be done on an outpatient basis and does not require a chest tube nor a pleural drainage system. Present day consensus does not support parietal pleurectomy as an elective choice for these patients.

A Case of Malignant Pleural Effusion Treated by Chemical Pleurodesis in Ovarian Carcinoma / 대한부인종양콜포스코피학회잡지

Carcinomas of the lung, breast and lymphoma account for approximately 75% of malignant pleural effusions and the metastatic ovarian carcinoma is the fourth leading cause of malignant pleural effusions. The diagnosis of a malignant pleural effusion is established by demonstrating malignant cells in the pleural fluid or in the pleural biopsy. Chemical pleurodesis should be considered in cases of patients with malignant pleural effusion, who were not responded with systemic chemotherapy. We experienced a case of malignant pleural effusion treated by chemical pleurodesis, which was developed in a patient with ovarian carcinoma and we report it with the brief review or literatures.