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Introducción: Se denomina Enfermedad Pulmonar Intersticial Difusa (EPID) a un conjunto heterogéneo de patologías caracterizadas por inflamación y fibrosis pulmonar. El diagnóstico basado en patrones clínicos o radiológicos puede, ocasionalmente, ser insuficiente para iniciar un tratamiento. La biopsia pulmonar quirúrgica es una alternativa cuando se requiere aumentar la precisión diagnóstica luego de discusión multidisciplinaria. Objetivo: Describir el rendimiento diagnóstico, morbilidad y mortalidad de las biopsias quirúrgicas pulmonares en un hospital público chileno. Pacientes y Método: Cohorte retrospectiva de todos los pacientes a quienes se realizó biopsia quirúrgica por diagnóstico de EPID entre los años 2010 y 2020, indicada por un comité multidisciplinario. Se excluyen procedimientos similares o biopsias con diagnóstico de EPID como hallazgo incidental. Resultados: 38 pacientes intervenidos, mediana de edad de 63 años, 47% femenino. Solo 1 (2,6%) paciente operado de urgencia, y 34 (89,5%) por videotoracoscopía. 5 (13,1%) pacientes presentaron morbilidad, en 4 de ellos fuga aérea, ninguno requiriendo intervención adicional. No hubo rehospitalización, reoperación ni mortalidad a 90 días. En el 95% de los casos se alcanzó un diagnóstico preciso de la EPID tras discusión multidisciplinaria. Discusión: Se observa un alto rendimiento diagnóstico y una baja morbimortalidad en los pacientes estudiados. La baja frecuencia de procedimientos de urgencia y la adecuada indicación en comité multidisciplinario puede haber contribuido a la baja morbilidad. Conclusión: La biopsia pulmonar quirúrgica en un hospital general tiene un alto rendimiento diagnóstico cuando se discute en comité multidisciplinario para precisar el diagnostico en EPID, con una baja morbimortalidad si se seleccionan adecuadamente los pacientes.
Background: Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the lung. Diagnosis based exclusively on clinical or radiologic patterns may be inaccurate, and if a reliable diagnosis cannot be made, surgical lung biopsy can be strongly considered to increase the diagnostic yield after multidisciplinary committee. Objective: To review the diagnostic results, morbidity, and mortality of surgical biopsies in a chilean public health institution. Patients and Method: Retrospective cohort of patients operated for diagnostic purposes for ILD between 2010 - 2020. Surgical biopsies done for other diagnoses were excluded. Results: 38 patients were included, with a median age of 63 years, 47% were female. Only 1 patient (2.6%) underwent emergency surgery and 89.5% underwent minimally invasive surgery techniques. 5 patients had some morbidity (13.1%), 4 of them being air leak. All complications were successfully managed conservatively. We had no readmission, reoperations, or 90-day mortality in this cohort. In 95% of the cases an accurate diagnosis of ILD was reached after multidisciplinary discussion. Discussion: In our experience surgical lung biopsy has a high diagnostic yield and a low morbidity and mortality. A low number of emergency procedures and accurate surgical indication by an expert committee could explain the low morbidity. Conclusion: Surgical lung biopsy in a general hospital reach a high diagnostic performance when discussed in a multidisciplinary committee to specify the diagnosis in ILD, with low morbidity and mortality if patients are properly selected.
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Objective To systematically evaluate the effects of respiratory muscle training by using respiratory muscle training device on rehabilitation of people undergoing cardiothoracic and abdominal surgery. Methods The relevant randomized controlled trials were searched in the databases of the CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, EBSCO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, VIP. The quality of studies was critically appraised and data were extracted by two reviewers independently, a meta-analysis was conducted for the included studies. Results Finally 12 randomized controlled trial involving 1060 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that respiratory muscle training device could improve respiratory muscle strength [SMD =0.70, 95%CI (0.15-1.24)]; improved lung function [forced vital capacity:SMD=0.48, 95%CI (0.10-0.87);inspiratory capacity:SMD=0.55, 95%CI (0.07-1.04)]; improve; effectively reduced postoperative pulmonary complications [OR=0.21, 95%CI:(0.15-0.31)]; shorten the length of hospital stays [SMD=-0.52, 95%CI (-0.87--0.16)], all P< 0.05. Conclusions The application of respiratory muscle training with respiratory muscle device could promote the rehabilitation of patients undergoing cardiothoracic and abdominal surgery.
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Introducción: El neumotórax espontáneo secundario (NES) es la presencia de aire en la cavidad pleural con ausencia de traumatismo, asociado a alguna enfermedad pulmonar subyacente. La pleurodesis es considerada una alternativa al tratamiento de esta patología. La fuga aérea persistente o masiva es una complicación importante del NES, donde la utilización de pleurodesis con sangre autóloga constituye una opción conveniente en pacientes con alto riesgo quirúrgico. Objetivos: Se propuso describir las características de pacientes con NES tratados con pleurodesis con sangre autóloga en Hospital Regional de Concepción. Pacientes y método: Estudio descriptivo transversal, período enero 2012 - enero 2015. Se realizó una revisión de base de datos, protocolos quirúrgicos y fichas clínicas, seguimiento clínico a 36 meses, donde se describieron características clínicas, morbimortalidad, resultados inmediatos y tardíos. Resultados: Del total de pacientes (n=7), 5 (71,4 %) fueron hombres, con edad promedio de 60,7±8,2 años. La causa del NES fue mayoritariamente enfermedad pulmonar difusa en seis pacientes (85,7 %). Se realizaron siete pleurodesis con sangre autóloga sin necesidad de repetir el procedimiento. Se observó cierre de fístula en el 100 % de los pacientes. Al seguimiento no se observó necesidad de nuevos procedimientos. Discusión: La pleurodesis con sangre autóloga es un tratamiento efectivo y seguro en el manejo de la fuga aérea persistente o masiva, con adecuados resultados inmediatos y tardíos en casos seleccionados.
Introduction: Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (NES) is pleural air occupation without trauma associated with the presence of some underlying lung disease. Pleurodesis is considered an alternative to the treatment of this disease. Persistent or massive air leak is a major complication of NES, where the use of pleurodesis with autologous blood is an accepted option in patients with high surgical risk and air leak. Objetive: Describe characteristics of patients with NES treated with pleurodesis with autologous blood in Hospital Regional of Concepción. Patients and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study period January 2012- January 2015. It`s made a review of Database, surgical protocols and review medical records, 36 months' clinical follow-up. Description of clinical features, morbidity and mortality, immediate and remote results. Results: Of all patients (n=7), 5 (71.4 %) were males, mean age 60.7 ± 8.2 years. The cause of NES was predominantly diffuse lung disease in 6 (85.7%) patients. Seven pleurodesis with autologous blood were performed without repeating the procedure. Fistula closure was observed in 100% of patients. In follow the need for new procedures wasn't observed. Discussion: Pleurodesis with autologous blood is an effective and safe treatment in the management of persistent or massive air leak, with immediate and remote adequate results.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Pneumotórax/terapia , Pleurodese/métodos , Pneumotórax/etiologia , Cirurgia Torácica , Transfusão de Sangue Autóloga , Chile/epidemiologia , Epidemiologia DescritivaRESUMO
Objective To study the influence of postural intervention on ambulation of patients after video-assisted thoracoscope surgery? Methods One hundred and forty eight patients having undergone chest cardiac surgery were randomly divided into the control group(n = 75)and the observation group(n = 74)? The former received routine nursing intervention and the latter postural intervention besides routine nursing? The two groups were compared in terms of the time for ambulation and the ability in ambulation? Result The ambulation in the observation group was earlier than the control group and the ability in ambulation was better compared to the control group(both P < 0?05)? Conclusion The postural intervention after thoracic surgery is effective in pushing patient’s ambulation and improve their ability?
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Objective To discuss the risk factors existing in clinical nursing of the chest surgery department and the corresponding nursing measures.Methods 395 patients were divided into the research group ( 199 cases) and the control group ( 196 cases),the control group received routine nursing,while the research group was given nursing risk management.The nursing effect was compared.Results After implementation of nursing risk management,the research group was better in the aspects of risk prevention consciousness,nursing risk events,complications,satisfcation degree of patients than the control group.Conclusions Risk management is the effective measures to decrease the nursing risk,and it is useful for elevating nursing quality and patients' satisfactory degree.
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Introducción Las indicaciones y los beneficios del reemplazo valvular aórtico han sido claramente establecidos, aun para poblaciones añosas, de aumentada comorbilidad. Aun así, la manipulación de ateromas aórticos, el uso de circulación extracorpórea y de clampeo aórtico, el paro cardíaco y la descalcificación ligadas a esta técnica y sus eventuales consecuencias generan dudas acerca de su indicación en este grupo de pacientes. Objetivos Comunicar la morbimortalidad del procedimiento en octogenarios y validar la utilidad de los puntajes de predicción de riesgo utilizados más frecuentemente. Material y métodos Se estudiaron 87 pacientes octogenarios sometidos a reemplazo aórtico aislado; se analizaron variables preoperatorias, intraoperatorias y posoperatorias y se aplicó el Euroscore; para facilitar el subanálisis del Euroscore logístico, la población se dividió en tres grupos: riesgo bajo, moderado y alto. Se utilizó técnica quirúrgica convencional. Para el seguimiento, se analizó la historia clínica y/o se realizó encuesta telefónica. Resultados La mediana de edad fue de 83 ± 2,5 años, con un rango de 80 a 89 años. El 60% de la población en estudio era de sexo femenino. La indicación quirúrgica fue estenosis 92%, endocarditis activa 4,6% y enfermedad valvular 3,4%. Antecedentes: hipertensión 71%, tabaquismo 31%, dislipidemia 39%, diabetes 11,5%, EPOC 10%, IRC-diálisis 2,3%, ACV 11,5%, IAM previo 8%, fibrilación auricular 16%, reoperación 15%. Cuadro clínico: asintomático 3,45%, angina crónica estable 10,3%, angina inestable 11%, ICC 13,8%, disnea CF III-IV 60%. Disfunción ventricular izquierda moderada-grave 18,3%. Riesgo por Euroscore logístico 12,4% ± 15%. El tiempo operatorio promedio fue de 200 ± 61,7 min, el de CEC de 86 ± 32,5 min y el de clampeo aórtico de 65 ± 18,2 min. Complicaciones: sangrado médico 17,2%, reoperación sangrado 5,7%, bajo gasto cardíaco 13,8%, inotrópicos > 48 horas 32,1%, balón de contrapulsación 1,2%, fibrilación auricular 32,2%, marcapasos transitorio 20,7%, marcapasos definitivo 5,7%, complicación pulmonar 3,4%, ACV con secuela 3,4%, IRA oligoanúrica 27,6%, diálisis 5,7%, infección esternal 1,2%, días UTI 3 ± 5,2, días estadía 8 ± 9,6, mortalidad global 10,34%, mortalidad prioridad electiva 9,5%, mortalidad no electiva 12,5%. Estadía en UCI 3 ± 5,2 días y total 8 ± 9,6 días. Divididos por grupos, la mortalidad comunicada fue del 7,14%, 15,38% y 5% para riesgo bajo, mediano y alto, respectivamente. Se identificó como predictor de mortalidad a los 30 días el bajo gasto cardíaco posoperatorio (OR 7, p = 0,011). Se siguieron 71 pacientes (91%), mediana 1.203 días (51 a 3.927). Independientemente del puntaje preoperatorio, la sobrevida fue del 98,6% al primer año, del 87,65% a los 3 años, del 77,3% a los 5 años y del 48,6% a los 7 años. El 72% refirió mejoría de la calidad de vida, el 21% sin cambios y el 7%, empeoramiento. No se hallaron predictores al seguimiento. Conclusiones La cirugía de reemplazo valvular resulta un procedimiento seguro y duradero, de comprobado beneficio funcional y con sobrevida a largo plazo homologable a la población general. La utilización de puntajes de riesgo preoperatorio debe ser revisada, por la sobrestimación del riesgo operatorio demostrada.
Background The indications and benefits of aortic valve replacement have been clearly established, even for elderly populations with high prevalence of comorbidities. However, concern arises about the indication of aortic valve replacement in this population due to manipulation of aortic atheromas, use of cardiopulmonary bypass and cross clamping of the aorta, cardiac arrest and decalcification that are related with this procedure, and their eventual consequences. Objectives To report morbidity and mortality of the procedure in octogenarians and validate the usefulness of the risk scores most frequently used. Material and Methods A total of 87 octogenarian patients undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement were included; preoperative, operative and postoperative variables were analyzed, and EuroSCORE was estimated; the population was divided into three groups of risk (low, moderate and high) for logistic EuroSCORE analysis. A conventional surgical technique was used. The medical records were analyzed and/or telephone contact was used for follow-up. Results Median age was 83±2.5 years (range: 80 to 89). Sixty percent of the population were women. Indications for aortic valve replacement were aortic stenosis 92%, active endocarditis 4.6% and combined aortic valve disease 3.4%. History: hypertension 71%, smoking habits 31%, dyslipemia 39%, diabetes 11.5%, COPD 10%, CKF-dialysis 2.3%, stroke 11.5%, previous MI 8%, atrial fibrillation 16%, reoperation 15%. Clinical presentation: absence of symptoms 3.45%, chronic stable angina 10.3%, unstable angina 11%, CHF 13.8%, dyspnea FC III-IV 60%, moderate to severe left ventricular dysfunction 18.3%, logistic EuroSCORE risk 12.4%±15%. Average operative time was 200±61.7 min, CBP time 86±32.5 min and aortic-cross clamp time 65±18.2 min. Complications: medical bleeding 17.2%, reoperation due to bleeding 5.7%, low cardiac output syndrome 13.8%, requirement of inotropic agents > 48 hours 32.1%, intraaortic balloon pump 1.2%, atrial fibrillation 32.2%, transient pacemaker 20.7%, permanent pacemaker 5.7%, pulmonary complications 3.4%, stroke with consequences 3.4%, oliguric/anuric AKF 27.6%, dialysis 5.7%, sternum infection 1.2%, ICU stay 3±5.2 days, hospital stay 8±9.6 days, overall mortality 10.34%, elective surgery mortality 9.5%, non elective surgery mortality 12.5%. Mortality in low, moderate and high risk groups was l7.14%, 15.38% and 5%, respectively. Postoperative low cardiac output syndrome was identified as a predictor of mortality at 30 days (OR 7, p=0.011). Seventy one patients (91%) completed median follow-up of 1023 days (51 to 3927). Survival rate was 98.6% at 1 year, 87.65% at 3 years, 77.3% at 5 years and 48.6% at 7 years, regardless of the preoperative score. Quality of life improved in 72% of patients, while 21% did not report any changes and was worse in 7%. We did not find predictors during follow-up. Conclusions Aortic valve replacement is a safe, long-lasting procedure that confers proved functional benefit and a long-tem survival that is comparable to that of the general population. The use of preoperative scores should undergo revision as they overestimate the operative risk.
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Introducción El síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica es una complicación frecuente en el posoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca, que puede evolucionar con shock vasopléjico y los casos más graves pueden derivar en falla de uno o más órganos. Se describieron predictores en el preoperatorio y el perioperatorio asociados con esta complicación; sin embargo, un estado de inflamación subclínico en la etapa preoperatoria, no detectado por estudios de rutina, podría relacionarse con la respuesta inflamatoria desencadenada en el posoperatorio. Niveles elevados de proteína C reactiva (PCR), un parámetro de inflamación en diferentes escenarios clínicos y que se asocia con el pronóstico de diversas patologías cardiovasculares, podrían predecir el síndrome. Objetivo Evaluar la contribución de la elevación de los niveles preoperatorios de proteína C reactiva para predecir el síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica y sus complicaciones posoperatorias en cirugía cardíaca. Material y métodos Se incluyeron 169 pacientes consecutivos, prospectivos (77,3% hombres, edad 61,1 ± 15,9, Euroscore 9,46 [DE 12,7]) sometidos a cirugía cardíaca entre abril de 2007 y diciembre de 2008. Se determinó el nivel de PCR en todos los pacientes. El punto final combinado incluyó síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica y su asociación con fibrilación auricular, insuficiencia renal, shock o muerte. Resultados Ochenta y siete pacientes (54%) desarrollaron el síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica y 50 pacientes (31%) presentaron el punto final combinado. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue del 5,6% (9 pacientes). Ajustados por variables preoperatorias e intraoperatorias, los niveles preoperatorios de PCR ≥ 2 mg/dl se asociaron independientemente con el punto final combinado (OR 2,95, IC 95% 1,20-7,23; p < 0,018), con la evolución con síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SRIS) (OR 2,46, IC 95% 1,17-5,15; p < 0,000), SRIS combinado con insuficiencia renal (OR 5,10, IC 95% 1,48-17,58; p < 0,010), SRIS combinado con shock (OR 6,50, IC 95% 1,59-27,34; p < 0,005), SRIS combinado con fibrilación auricular (OR 3,51, IC 95% 1,14-10,79; p < 0,028), insuficiencia renal (OR 2,91, IC 95% 1,19-7,12; p < 0,019) y shock (OR 4,13, IC 95% 1,25-13,60; p < 0,020). Conclusiones Los niveles preoperatorios de PCR ≥ 2,0 mg/dl pueden predecir el síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica y el síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica con insuficiencia renal, fibrilación auricular, shock y muerte en el posoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca.
Background Systemic inflammatory response syndrome is a frequent postoperative complication of cardiovascular surgery that can develop vasoplegic shock and organ or multiorgan dysfunction in tlie most severe cases. Preoperative and postoperative predictors associated with this complication have been described; however, a subclinical preoperative inflammatory state, not detected by routine tests, might be related to the postoperative inflammatory response. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levéis, a parameter of inflammation in different clinical scenarios that is associated with the prognosis of diverse cardiovascular diseases, might predict the syndrome. Objective To evalúate the valué of elevated C-reactive protein to predict systemic inflammatory response syndrome and its postoperative complications after cardiovascular surgery. Material and Methods A total of 169 consecutive patients (77.3% were men, age 61.1±15.9, Euroscore 9.46 [SD 12.7]) undergoing cardiovascular surgery were prospectively included between April 2007 and December 2008. CRP levéis were determined in all patients. The combined endpoint included the incidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and its association with atrial fibrillation, kidney failure, shock or death. Results Eighty seven patients (54%) developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome and 50 patients (31%) presented the combined endpoint. In-hospital mortality was 5.6% (9 patients). The preoperative levéis of CRP >2 mg/dl adjusted for preoperative and postoperative variables were independently associated with the combined endpoint (OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.20-7.23; p<0.018), with the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.17-5.15; p<0.000), and with the combination of SIRS and kidney failure (OR 5.10, 95% CI 1.48-17.58; p<0.010), SIRS and shock (OR 6.50, 95% CI 1.59-27.34; p<0.005), and SIRS and atrial fibrillation (OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.14-10.79; p<0.028), kidney failure (OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.19-7.12; p<0.019) and shock (OR 4.13, 95% CI 1.25-13.60; p < 0.020). Conclusions Preoperative levéis of CRP >2.0 mg/dl may predict the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome with kidney failure, atrial fibrillation, shock and death in the postoperative period of cardiovascular surgery.
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Introducción Una revascularización coronaria inapropiada conlleva un riesgo muchas veces evitable para el paciente y se traduce en gastos innecesarios para el sistema de salud. Recientemente, los miembros de un panel de expertos en enfermedades cardiovasculares evaluaron el criterio de adecuación de la indicación de revascularización coronaria en varios escenarios clínicos comunes. Objetivos Identificar la proporción de revascularización coronaria inapropiada tanto percutánea (ATC) como quirúrgica (CRM) conforme al criterio de adecuación en un centro de alta complejidad cardiovascular. Material y métodos Desde enero hasta mayo de 2009 se incluyeron en forma consecutiva todos los pacientes derivados a nuestro centro con la indicación clínica de coronariografía que presentaron enfermedad coronaria significativa (estenosis ≥ 70%) y fueron sometidos a revascularización percutánea o quirúrgica. Se evaluó en este grupo la tasa de indicación inapropiada de revascularización coronaria conforme el criterio de adecuación recientemente publicado. Resultados De 568 cateterismos evaluados, 404 (71,2%) presentaron al menos una lesión ≥ 70% de estenosis, 81 pacientes fueron sometidos a CRM (20%) y 295 a ATC (73%). Del total de 376 pacientes revascularizados, la indicación de revascularización coronaria se consideró inapropiada en 15 (4%), todos ellos del grupo ATC (15/295; 5%), mientras que en el grupo de pacientes multiarteriales (n = 172) sólo 2 (1,2%) revascularizaciones resultaron inapropiadas. Conclusiones El criterio de adecuación de revascularización coronaria (percutánea o quirúrgica) en un centro cardiovascular de alta complejidad ha resultado inapropiado en una minoría de los casos. Dicho criterio representa una herramienta potencialmente aplicable tanto en la toma de decisiones en pacientes con enfermedad coronaria como en el control de calidad de los servicios de cardiología.
Background Inappropriate use of revascularization may be potentially harmful to patients and generate unwarranted costs to the health care system. Recently, the members of an expert panel conducted an appropriateness review of common clinical scenarios in which coronary revascularization is frequently considered. Objectives To identify the proportion of inappropriate coronary revascularization procedures -percutaneous (PTCA) and surgical (CABG) - in a cardiovascular tertiary referral center according to appropriateness criterion. Material and Methods We consecutively included all patients referred to our center for coronary angiography from January to May 2009 with a significant coronary stenosis (≥ 70%) who underwent percutaneous or surgical revascularization, and evaluated the rate of inappropriate revascularization according to appropriateness criterion recently published. Results From a total of 568 coronary angiographies, 404 (71.2%) had at least a coronary stenosis ≥70%; 81 patients underwent CABGS (20%) and 295 PTCA (73%). In these 376 revascularized patients, the indication was considered inappropriate in 15 (4%), all of them in the PTCA group (15/295; 5%), while only 2 patients with multivessel disease (n=172, 1.2%) underwent inappropriate revascularization. Conclusions In a cardiovascular tertiary referral center, the proportion of inappropriate coronary revascularization procedures (percutaneous or surgical) was low. Appropriateness criterion may be an applicable tool for decision-making in patients with coronary artery disease and for quality control in the departments of cardiology.
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El origen anómalo de las arterias coronarias constituye una entidad poco frecuente y en pacientes adultos resulta excepcional el hallazgo de una arteria circunfleja naciendo desde la arteria pulmonar. Se presenta un caso de origen aberrante de la arteria circunfleja desde la rama derecha de la arteria pulmonar, detectado por métodos semiinvasivos (ecocardiograma transesofágico y angiotomografía coronaria multicorte). Debido a las características clínicas del paciente, joven deportista, sintomático por angor, con prueba funcional positiva para isquemia y el origen pulmonar de la arteria circunfleja, se decidió efectuar tratamiento quirúrgico con reimplante del ostium coronario en la aorta. La evolución posoperatoria resultó favorable.
The anomalous origin of the coronary arteries is an infrequent congenital heart defect, and a left circumflex coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery is an exceptional finding. This report describes the anomalous origin of the left circumflex coronary artery from the right pulmonary artery detected by non-invasive methods (transesophageal echocardiography and multislice computed tomography coronary angiography). The patient was a young sportsman who presented angina and had positive functional test for ischemia. For these reasons, he was referred to cardiac surgery and the coronary ostium was reimplanted in the aorta. The patient evolved with favorable outcomes.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the usage of antibiotics in surgical department of Chest surgery in PLA General Hospital.METHODS The antibiotics usage status among 412 cases of patients during perioperative period was retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS The utilization of antibacterials took up to 100.00%.The average of treatment course was13.89 days,Aminoglycosides,cephalosporin and penicillins was the main kinds,single use accounted for 28.64%,the bigeminy for 35.93%,and trigeminy for 30.58%,the utilization with four or more kinds of drugs were 4.85%.The rational usage and irrational usage accounted for 64.57% and 35.43% respectively.CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should strengthen the management of antibiotics in perioperative period for rational use.
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El tratamiento endovascular de la aorta descendente le brinda a un grupo de pacientes seleccionados de alto riesgo una alternativa para resolver un problema grave de manera segura y efectiva. Sólo el 15% de los enfermos tiene un cuello adecuado para el implante respetando la integridad de la arteria subclavia izquierda y su oclusión intencional origina en hasta un 30% isquemia del brazo, síndrome vertebrobasilar o leaks. Además, los pacientes que presentan compromiso del arco aórtico (extensión retrógrada de la disección, porque ésta se origina allí o por aneurisma de ese sector) constituyen una población aún más seleccionada y de mayor riesgo para el tratamiento quirúrgico habitual. Entre noviembre de 2005 y diciembre de 2006 incluimos 10 pacientes que se presentaban con: 1) disecciones con compromiso de la arteria subclavia izquierda o retrodisecciones hacia el cayado aórtico (n = 7) y 2) aneurismas del cayado aórtico (n = 3). Fueron tratados dentro del período agudo (14 días), todos con un puntaje de riesgo anestésico (ASA) igual a 3 o mayor. Se utilizó una técnica híbrida, de un solo acto en dos etapas (quirúrgica/endovascular) realizadas en el mismo día. En la fase quirúrgica no se requirió paro cardíaco, circulación extracorpórea ni hipotermia profunda y durante la etapa endovascular se utilizaron prótesis autoexpandibles y es aquí donde se notaron las dificultades técnicas que debieron sortearse para llevar adelante el implante. Todos los procedimientos resultaron técnicamente exitosos. Dos pacientes fallecieron, uno en el primer día (taponamiento cardíaco) otro por sepsis en el día 27. No se registraron complicaciones neurológicas ni vasculares. La técnica fue factible y efectiva, con una morbimortalidad adecuada para la población en estudio y similar a la de publicaciones con pacientes de las mismas características.
Endovascular treatment of the descendant aorta is a safe and effective alternative to solve a severe condition in a selected group of high-risk patients. In only 15% of patients the anatomical relations of the aneurysm neck with the left subclavian artery are adequate for the implant, and the incidence of arm ischemia, vertebrobasilar artery syndrome or leaks related to the left subclavian artery intentionally occluded reaches 30%. In addition, patients with compromise of the aortic arch (due to dissections or aneurysms of the aortic arch) are still a more selected high-risk population for surgical treatment. Between November 2005 and December 2006 we included 10 patients with: 1) dissections with compromise of the left subclavian artery or dissections towards the aortic arch (n=7) and, 2) aneurisms of the aortic arch (n=3). All patients had ASA class III or greater, and they were all treated during the acute phase (14 days). A two-stage (surgical/endovascular) hybrid technique was performed during the same day. The surgical approach was carried out without the need for circulatory arrest, extracorporeal circulation, and deep hypothermia, but endovascular self-expanding stent-graft placement presented a few technical difficulties. All procedures were technically successful. Two patients died, one at day 1 (cardiac tamponade) and the other at day 27 (sepsis). No neurologic or vascular complications were reported. The procedure was feasible and effective, with morbidity and mortality rates according to the study population and similar to those reported in other studies performed on comparable patients.
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Objective:To explore the perioperative dynamic changes of cellular immune function and its clinical significance in patients with chest surgery.Methods:The numbers of CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8、CD8 T lymphocyte and nature killer(NK) cells in peripheral blood were examined in 45 patients with chest surgery before operation and 1、3、5 and 7 days after operation by flow cytometry.45 patients were devided randomly into groups.The perioperative changes of T lymphocyte subsets and NK cells were compared among mediastinal disease,pulmonary operation,esophagus and gastric cardia surgery.Results:CD4/CD8 decreased 1 day after surgery and CD4 decreased at the 3rd postoperative day in patients with chest surgery.In patients with mediastinal disease,CD4/CD8 decreased 1 day after surgery and CD4 decreased at the 3rd postoperative day.In patients with pulmonary operation,CD8 decreased at the 1st day and 7th day after surgery.NK cells decreased at the 5th postoperative day CD3 increased at the 5th day after surgery.CD4/CD8 increased at the 7th day after operation.In patients with esophagus and gastric cardia surgery,CD4/CD8 decreased 1 day after operation,CD3 and CD4 increased at the 7th postoperative day.All differences are statistically significant( P