Niños en circunstancias especialmente difíciles: Venezuela 2000-2009 / Children in specially difficult circumstances: Venezuela 2000-2009

A partir de la revisión teórica-conceptual e histórica de los efectos de las diversas formas de violencia contra los niños y del vertiginoso crecimiento de la violencia en el país, se analiza la información de Programa de Atención de Niños en Circunstancias Especialmente Dificiles, Defensoria de Niños ubicada en Barquisimeto, Estado Lara. Se revisaron los informes anuales del lapso 2000-2009, para conocer mejor, con estadísticas nacioanles, las características de "niños en circunstancias especialmente dificiles", según nomenclatura del Fondo de la Naciones Unidas para la Infancia, en el área de violencia. Algunos informes no registran todos los rubros. Resultados: 11893 casos: la mitad de sexo femenino. En el conjunto de todos los tipos de niños atendidos, los principales diagnosticos fueron: "Riesgo social"; maltrato sexual; maltrato físico; transtorno de conducta e intento de suicidio. algunos de ellos tuvieron incrementos inesperados en el lapso. Principales agresores identificados: madre, otro familiar, padre, vecino. Maltrato sexual (n: 1598). El número absoluto de maltratos sexuales aumentó casi el doble entre el inicio y el final del decenio. La frecuencia de victimas femeninas casi triplicó la de varones. Los grupos de 5 a 14 años (femenino) y menores de 9 años (masculino), registraron la mayor proporción. Los agresores de niñas fueron adultos en la mayoría de los casos. La mitad de los agresores de varones eran adolescentes. Los nexos agresor víctima más frecuentes: "otro familiar" y "vecino" para ambos sexos. Se compara con otras investigaciones. Entre otras propuestas, se recomienda acordar una nomenclatura única, que registre todos los datos en forma sistemática y permita unificarlos, compararlos y desarrollar investigaciones y acciones ulteriores

From the theoretical-conceptual and historical review of the effects of the diverse forms of violence against children and of the dizzy growth of the violence in the country, there is analyzed the information of the Program of Children's Attention in Spacially Difficult Circumstances, Children's Defensoría located in Barquisimeto, Lara state. The annual report of the lapse was checked between 2000-2009, to investigate the characteristics of "children in specially difficult circumstances", according to nomenclature of the Fund of the United Nationals for Infancy, in the area of violence, Some reports do not register all the items. Results: 11893 children (18-year-old minor persons), with the above mentioned diagnosis. We found; 52% feminine sex. Order In all the attended children: "Social risk"; sexual abuse; physical abuse; disorder of conduct, and attempt of suicide. Some of them also increased. Identified aggressors: mother, another relative, father and neighbor. Sexual abuse (n=1598). The absolute number of sexual type increased near 100% from the begining to the last five years. The frequency of feminine victims almost trebled that of males. The most numerous groups were those of 5 to 14 years (feminine) and below 9 year old masculine. The teen aggressors acted against children males; 50% and against girls: 20%. The most frequent aggressor victim link were: "another relative" and "neighbor" for both sexes. It is compared with other investigations. Among other recommendations, it is important to accord only one nomenclature and develop new investigations and further actions

Recommendations on Recognition and Response to Child Abuse and Neglect in the Indian Setting.

Justification: Pediatricians are usually the first point of contact of children with the health system. Studies worldwide have shown that there is insufficient knowledge about child abuse recognition and management among health workers. Presently no uniform guidelines exist in India for pediatricians regarding the appropriate response to child abuse. Process: As part of the Child Rights and Protection Programme (CRPP) under IAP VISION 2007 of Indian Academy of Pediatrics, a ‘Training of Trainers (TOT) Workshop on Child Rights and Protection’ was held in Mumbai in January 2007. It was attended by participants from all over the country. The workshop recommended ‘developing country-specific teaching and training material’. A Task force of IAP CRPP was formed and it developed a module for ‘Training of Trainers Workshops for Pediatricians’. A National Consultative Meet was held in October, 2007 at New Delhi, where the program was discussed and ratified. Objectives: To train pediatricians to: recognize and respond to child abuse; engage in a multi-disciplinary networking mode to deal with child abuse; and, document, record and report instances of child abuse. Recommendations: Guidelines for recognition and management of child abuse are presented. All pediatricians should assess suspected harm with the same thoroughness and attention as they would do with a life threatening condition. Poor management after disclosure can increase psychological damage. Pediatrician should believe, support, reassure, treat and ensure rehabilitation of victims of child abuse, keeping the best interest of the child as the primary goal.