Escolher é Ser Escolhida: Meninice, Pobreza e Casamento Infantil no Brasil / Choosing to be Choosen: Childhood, Poverty and Child Marriage in Brazil

Resumo O casamento infantil é um problema social brasileiro, atinge mais meninas do que meninos e tem como características a consesualidade e certa "agência" das meninas pela união. O objetivo da pesquisa foi levantar os fatores subjetivos gendrados presentes nessa pretensa "escolha" e perscrutar demais especificidades do cotidiano conjugal vivido pelas meninas esposas. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa que entrevistou meninas casadas em cidades do interior do Estado de Goiás. Compreendeu-se que: elas escolhem ser escolhidas; no cotidiano conjugal, vivem agressões invisíveis a elas e narram violações/violências cotidianas e desamparo afetivo pregressos ao matrimônio. Faz-se mister empreender novas pesquisas científicas sobre esse tema, bem como criar ações que proporcionem outras possibilidades subjetivas para além dos destinos materno e amoroso.

Abstract Child marriage is a Brazilian social problem, affects more girls than boys and has as characteristics the girl's consensuality and certain "agency" for the union. The objective of this research was to raise the gender's subjective factors present in this so - called "choice" and to examine other specificities of the conjugal quotidian lived by the child spouses. This is a qualitative research, in which married girls from small cities in the state of Goiás were interviewed. It was understood that: they choose to be chosen; in the marital daily life, they live invisible aggressions to them, and they narrate daily violence and emotional abandonment before marriage. It is necessary to undertake new scientific research on this subject, as well as to create actions that provide other subjective possibilities beyond the maternal and loving destinies.

Child Marriage: A Discussion Paper.

ABSTRACT:Child marriage is still a massive problem in many developing countries. The issue is more concentrated in countries of Sub Saharan Africa and South Asia. This paper, through literature review attempts to assess the situation, the consequences, various programmes and recommendations on the reduction of child marriage. In this article it is reinforced that, consequences of child marriage put the girls at risk of early pregnancies with life-threatening conditions. This paper suggests that each country should set up its own midterm and long-term goals to bring about significant reduction in child marriages.

Decline in Child Marriage and Changes in Its Effect on Reproductive Outcomes in Bangladesh.

This paper explores the decline in child marriage and changes in its effect on reproductive outcomes of Bangladeshi women, using the 2007 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey data. Chi-square tests, negative binomial Poisson regression and binary logistic regression were performed in analyzing the data. Overall, 82% of women aged 20-49 years were married-off before 18 years of age, and 63% of the marriages took place before 16 years of age. The incidence of child marriage was significantly less among the young women aged 20-24 years compared to their older counterparts. Among others, women’s education appeared as the most significant single determinant of child marriage as well as decline in child marriage. Findings revealed that, after being adjusted for sociodemographic factors, child marriage compared to adult marriage appeared to be significantly associated with lower age at first birth (OR=0.81, 95% CI=76-0.86), higher fertility (IRR=1.45, 95% WCI=1.35-1.55), increased risk of child mortality (IRR=1.64, 95% WCI=1.44- 1.87), decreased risk of contraceptive-use before any childbirths (OR=0.56, 95% CI=0.50-0.63), higher risk of giving three or more childbirth (OR=3.94, 95% CI=3.38-4.58), elevated risk of unplanned pregnancies (OR=1.21, 95% CI=1.02-1.45), increased risk of pregnancy termination (OR=1.16, 95% CI=1.00-1.34), and higher risk of the use of any current contraceptive method (OR=1.20, 95% CI=1.06-1.35). Increased enforcement of existing policies is crucial for the prevention of child marriage. Special programmes should be undertaken to keep girls in school for longer period to raise the age of females at first marriage in Bangladesh and thereby reduce the adverse reproductive outcomes.

Review of the Bangladesh Female Secondary School Stipend Project Using a Social Exclusion Framework.

The Female Secondary School Stipend Project in Bangladesh was established to increase the enrollment of girls in secondary schools, thereby delaying marriage and childbearing. This analysis examined the existing data using the social exclusion framework to clarify the primary exclusionary factors that have kept girls from education: harassment, poverty, and the primacy of marriage and childbirth and explored the extent to which the project has diminished such barriers. While causality is difficult to establish, data suggest that the stipend programme has contributed to the rise in enrollment of girls in secondary schools. Questions remain as to the impact of the stipend programme on delaying marriage, empowerment of girls and women, and enhancing employment opportunities. A thorough assessment of the impact is required. The case study suggests that, if the programme design had focused on the quality and content of education and the broader economic and social context, more opportunities would have been created for social and economic participation of girls.