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ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to describe a case of cutaneous lichen planus (LP) that appeared following COVID-19 infection. Case description: We report a case of extensive cutaneous classic familial LP in a 4-year-old male child after an asymptomatic serologically confirmed COVID-19 infection. The patient developed intensely itchy, purple, flat-topped papules and plaques, mainly on the dorsal surface of the hands, feet, forearms, and shins. Histopathological examination of the skin biopsy showed vacuolar and apoptotic degeneration of the basal cell layer with a band-like lymphocyte infiltrate at the dermo-epidermal junction and confirmed the diagnosis of LP. Comments: LP could be considered among the differential diagnoses of pediatric post-COVID inflammatory skin lesions, either in the patients recovering from COVID-19 infection or in the suspicious asymptomatic cases in close contact with COVID-19-infected patients.
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever um caso de líquen plano cutâneo (LP) após infecção por COVID-19. Descrição do caso: Relatamos um caso de LP familiar clássico extenso cutâneo em uma criança de quatro anos de idade após uma infecção por COVID-19 assintomática e sorologicamente confirmada. O paciente desenvolveu pápulas e placas intensamente pruriginosas, roxas e achatadas, principalmente na superfície dorsal das mãos, pés, antebraços e canelas. O exame histopatológico da biópsia de pele mostrou degeneração vacuolar e apoptótica da camada basal com infiltrado de linfócitos em faixa na junção dermoepidérmica e confirmou o diagnóstico de líquen plano. Comentários: O líquen plano pode ser considerado entre os diagnósticos diferenciais de lesões cutâneas inflamatórias pós-COVID pediátricas, tanto em pacientes em recuperação de infecção por COVID-19 quanto em casos assintomáticos suspeitos em contato próximo com pacientes infectados por COVID-19.
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Objective@#To systematically evaluate the effect of mini basketball on children s upper limb strength in China, and to provide basis for the development of kindergarten mini basketball and the improvement of children s upper limb strength performance.@*Methods@#CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched from the establishment of the database to July 26, 2023. The PICOST model was used for literature screening, and 13 literature with a total of 20 studies were finally included. The Cochrane System Evaluation Criteria was used for literature quality evaluation. Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 17 were used for statistical analysis and publication bias test.@*Results@#A total of 939 children were included in 20 studies, including 470 in the experimental group and 469 in the control group. Meta analysis showed that mini basketball had an extremely significant effect on the improvement of children s upper limb strength ( SMD=0.83, 95%CI=0.53-1.13, Z=5.40, P < 0.01 ). The results of subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant gender difference in the improvement of children s upper limb strength by mini basketball ( P >0.05), mini basketball exercise with an intervention time of less than or equal to 30 minutes ( SMD=0.49, 95%CI=0.29-0.70, Z=4.70, P <0.01) and an exercise cycle of more than 12 weeks ( SMD=1.25, 95%CI=0.54-1.96, Z= 3.45 , P<0.01) can achieve a better intervention effect on the upper limb strength of children. Meta regression results showed that the exercise intervention time was the main source of heterogeneity ( t=2.71, 95%CI= 1.38-22.93, P <0.05). Egger s test showed that the publication bias of the included studies was not statistically significant ( t=0.78, P >0.05).@*Conclusions@#Mini basketball training can improve the upper limb strength of children, but there is no significant gender difference. The upper limb strength is affected by the restriction of intervention time and exercise cycle. Schools can appropriately add small basketball in physical education classes to improve children s upper limb strength.
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Objective@#The study aims to investigate the impact of moderate intensity gymnastics on the development of executive function in children aged 5-6, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for exercise interventions targeting executive function.@*Methods@#A total of 63 preschool children, randomly seleted from 3 senior classes in a private kindergarten in Shangqiu, were randomly allocated to the intervention group ( n =31) and control group ( n =32). Children in the intervention group participated in 60 minute gymnastics at a moderate intensity, three times per week, for a total duration of 12 weeks. Concurrently, myzone technology was utilized to monitor exercise intensity throughout the entire intervention period. Children in the control group maintained their regular activities. Inhibitory control (Flanker task), working memory (Empty house task), and cognitive flexibility (Dots task) were assessed before and after the experiment.@*Results@#There was no statistically significant difference in the performance of inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility tasks between the two groups of children before intervention ( P >0.05) .The results of covariance analysis revealed significant differences in reaction time [(782.88±24.29，805.13±23.74；719.90±119.99， 833.55± 177.87；1 042.39±72.75，1 091.29±49.42) ms] and accuracy[(73.86±7.26)%，(67.02±8.22)%;(86.36±7.63)%，( 80.50± 9.39 )%;(76.45±9.48)%，(69.59±7.66)%] across inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility between the intervention group and the control group ( F =6.84, 4.50，4.87, 6.11, 3.74 , 5.06 , P <0.05). The intervention effect exhibited modest effects( d =0.17-0.74).@*Conclusions@#Moderate intensity gymnastics can make modest or moderate effect on improving children s executive function. Brain imaging technology can be incorporated into future research designs to investigate the underlying mechanisms of gymnastics impact on the brain structure and executive function in young children.
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Objective@#To explore the neural processing differences in inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility associated with motor development levels in preschool children, so as to provide a basis for motor learning and cognitive development in preschool children.@*Methods@#From March 20 to 31 in 2023, a total of 84 preschool children aged 4-6 were recruited from two kindergartens in Xi an City. The MOBAK-KG Motor Development Assessment Scale was used to assess the children s motor development levels. The Go/no go task paradigm was employed to test inhibitory control ability, and the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task paradigm was utilized to evaluate cognitive flexibility. Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to monitor the preschool children s prefrontal cortex oxygenation dynamics during inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility tasks. Malab software and Homer 2 plugins were used to calculate prefrontal oxygenated hemoglobin concentration of preschool children during the tasks.@*Results@#The high motor skills group exhibited significantly higher task accuracy during inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility tasks [0.95(0.92, 0.97),(0.54±0.12)] compared to the low motor skill group[0.93(0.85, 0.97),(0.45±0.13)] ( Z/t =-2.09, 3.14 , P <0.05). During the inhibitory control task, the high motor skill group [0.24(0.10,0.41), 0.34(0.16,0.62), 0.30(0.07, 0.52 ), 0.26(0.09, 0.53), 0.15(0.01, 0.43), 0.34(0.10, 0.67)mol/L] showed significantly higher oxygenated hemoglobin concentrations in the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (L-DLPFC, R-DLPFC), left and right pars triangular Broca s areas ( L- PTBA, R-PTBA), and left and right frontopolar areas (L-FPA, R-FPA) compared to the low motor skill group [0.04( -0.13 , 0.15), 0.00(-0.12, 0.11), -0.01(-0.17, 0.14), 0.04(-0.14, 0.16), -0.01(-0.16, 0.12), -0.03(-0.21, 0.15) mol/L ] ( Z=-4.83, -5.57, -4.77, -4.10, -3.45, -5.74, P ＜0.01). During the cognitive flexibility task, the high motor skill group[0.21(0.03, 0.36), 0.28(0.15, 0.45), 0.15(0.05, 0.30), 0.20(0.05, 0.37), 0.04(-0.17, 0.26), 0.14(-0.08, 0.40) mol/L ] exhibited significantly higher oxygenated hemoglobin concentrations in the L-DLPFC, R-DLPFC, L-PTBA, R-PTBA, L- FPA, R-FPA brain regions compared to the low motor skill group [0.02(-0.20, 0.23), 0.02(-0.12, 0.21), 0.00(-0.22, 0.16 ), 0.00(-0.16, 0.15), -0.05(-0.25, 0.06), 0.01(-0.23, 0.20)mol/L] ( Z=-3.63, -4.45, -3.58, -3.75, -2.18, -1.98 , P ＜0.05).@*Conclusions@#The motor development level in preschool children is closely related to inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility. It is crucial to emphasize motor learning in early childhood to further promote holistic development of both mind and body.
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Objective@#To analyze the correlation between preschool children s emotional competence and home rearing environment in Shangrao City, so as to provide support for improving children s emotional competence development as well as their home rearing environment.@*Methods@#A total of 1 242 children aged 3-6 years old from 10 kindergartens in Shangrao City were retrospectively investigated by stratified cluster random sampling method in December 2022, and the Children s Emotional Adjustment Scale-Preschool Version (CEAS-P) and the Home Nurture Environment Scale for children aged 3-6 were surveyed on parents of preschool children. The t-test was used to test the difference, Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of preschool children s emotional competence.@*Results@#There were significant differences in emotional competence scores of preschool children for demographic indicators including age, place of residence, health status and whether they were only children ( F/t =5.98, 6.56, 38.00, 2.23, P <0.01). The emotional competence of preschool children was positively correlated with the home rearing environment ( r=0.62, P <0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that diverse activities/play participation, social adaptation/self management, and emotional warmth/self expression in home rearing environment were positive predictors of children s emotional ability ( β =0.30, 0.28, 0.16), while neglect/intervention/punishment were negative predictors ( β =-0.09)( P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#The home rearing environment is a factor related to young children s emotional competence. It is suggested specific parenting initiatives such as enriching family activities and play, strengthening children s self adaptation and management, giving warmth and let children express emotions, and preventing child neglect, interference and punishment should be conducted to improve children s emotional competence.
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Objective@#To explore the effects of group sports game intervention on social ability and quality of life of children with austism spectrum disorders (ASD),so as to provide reference for rehabilitation intervention of social and quality of life of children with ASD.@*Methods@#From September 2021 to January 2022, 72 children with ASD aged 4-6 in the children s rehabilitation department of Xiangyang Central Hospital were selected to participate in the study, and were randomly divided into experimental group ( n =36) and control group ( n =36). The control group received routine rehabilitation training (including individual sports game training), and the experimental group replaced individual sports game training with group sports game training on the basis of routine rehabilitation.The course content mainly included three parts: warm up before class, group sports games and relaxation after class. The course combined social skills with sports games, and was carried out in a group form (divided into 12 groups with 3 people in each group), and was trained five times a week for 60 minutes, for a total of 12 weeks. The scores of Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL 4.0) were observed before and after treatment. t-test and χ 2 test were used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#There was no significant difference in SRS scores between the experimental group and the control group before intervention ( t =-0.63, P >0.05). After the intervention, the total response rate in the experimental group was 83.33 %, higher than 41.67% in the control group χ 2=13.33, P <0.05),and the SRS scores decreased in the experimental group and control group ( t =17.75,8.71, P <0.05). The SRS scale score of the experimental group Social perception (17.67±4.12) , social cognition (30.33±4.99) , social communication (50.33±9.39) , social motivation (24.25±6.78) scores and total scores ( 152.67± 25.82) were lower than those of the control group(22.17±5.34，36.00±4.13，62.58±11.07，34.42±7.13，186.33±29.03)( t = -4.88，-2.03，-2.13，-3.58，-3.01， P ＜0.05).After the intervention, the scores of social function (53.33±18.01) and total score (283.83±51.83) on PedsQL 4.0 scale in experimental group were higher than those in control group(23.33±15.13，218.00±39.01) ( t =4.42，3.52， P ＜0.05). After the intervention, Autism Treatment Evaluation Scale (ATEC) scores of experimental groups(44.33±14.72) was lower than that in control group ( 59.33±16.95)( t =-2.32, P ＜0.05).@*Conclusion@#The intervention of group sports game has a significant effect on improving social ability and life quality of children with ASD.
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Objective@#To explore the moderating role of estradiol in the relationship between parenting styles and preschool children's behavioral problems, so as to provide a theoretical basis for improving the development of human s emotional health development in early life stage.@*Methods@#During September to November in 2022, 354 children aged 3-6 years and their parents from two kindergartens in Bengbu City were chosen by using stratified cluster sampling method for the questionnaire survey. The Parenting Style Scale and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were used to collect information on parenting style and child behavioral problems. Salivary estradiol of children was collected and tested. Independent samples t test was applied to compare the scores of the scale for parental up bringing and children s behavioral problems, and Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship among parental upbringing, estradiol and children s behavioral problems.@*Results@#Parents doting, laissez faire, autocratic, and inconsistent parenting styles were positive associated with child behavior problems( r =0.14-0.70); fathers democratic parenting style was negatively associated with child behavior problems( r =-0.14，-0.22，-0.21，-0.17，-0.27，-0.20); mothers democratic parenting styles was negatively correlated with scores on all five dimensions of child behavior problems except the withdrawal dimension ( r =-0.14，-0.12，-0.13，-0.21，-0.12)( P <0.05). Estradiol levels had significant moderating effects on maternal doting parenting style and children s withdrawal ( β =0.68) as well as social problems ( β =-1.00), also moderating laissez faire parenting styles and children s withdrawal problems ( β =0.75)( P <0.05). For children with low levels of estradiol, withdrawal problem scores were negatively associated with mother s doting parenting style and positively associated with laissez faire parenting style, and socialization problem scores were associated with mother s doting parenting style; for children with high levels of estradiol, withdrawal problem scores were positively associated with mother s doting parenting style, and socialization problem scores were associated with mother s doting parenting style ( t=2.84, 6.24, 3.16 , 2.37, 4.49, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#Parenting styles are strongly associated with child behavioral problems; estradiol levels play a moderating role in mothers doting, laissez faire parenting styles and children s withdrawal problems and social problems.Parents should adopt more positive parenting styles and focus on the role of estradiol levels in maternal education to reduce the occurrence of behavioral problems in children.
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Los bajos niveles de hemoglobina se definen como una concentración baja de hemoglobina en la sangre. La activad metabólica cerebral está vinculada con el desarrollo psicomotor. El desarrollo psicomotor durante la infancia se desarrolla a partir de los reflejos innatos, se organizan en esquemas de conducta, se internalizan durante el segundo año de vida como modelos de pensamiento. En Perú, se contabilizan el 50.99% de los niños con bajos niveles de concentración de hemoglobina en menores de 3 años. Objetivo. Identificar la relación entre la anemia y el desarrollo de la psicomotricidad en la primera infancia. Materiales y Métodos. Para evaluar los niveles de hemoglobina se empleó el método de la azidametahemoglobina, con un hemoglobinómetro, y para evaluar el desarrollo psicomotor se empleó la escala del desarrollo psicomotor. En el estudio participaron 32 niños de 6 a 24 meses de edad. Resultados. El 40,6% presenta niveles de hemoglobina entre 14,2 - 17.2 g/dl, el 31,3% presenta niveles de hemoglobina entre 13.2 -14.1 g/dl seguido del 25,0% que presenta niveles de hemoglobina entre 10,2 -13.1 g/dl y el 3.1% presenta niveles de hemoglobina <10.2 g/dl; respecto al desarrollo psicomotor expresados en coeficiente de desarrollo se evidencia que el 59.4% de niños muestran un desarrollo normal seguido del 31.3% de niños que presenta un desarrollo en riesgo y 9.4% en retraso. Conclusiones. El coeficiente de desarrollo del niño(a) se encontró que la mayoría tiene un desarrollo psicomotor normal seguido de riesgo y de retraso, a pesar que mayoría tiene un coeficiente de desarrollo normal
Low hemoglobin levels are defined as a low hemoglobin concentration in the blood. Brain metabolic activity is linked to psychomotor development. Psychomotor development during infancy develops from innate reflexes, which are organized in behavioral schemes and internalized during the second year of life as thought models. In Peru, 50.99% of children under 3 years of age have low hemoglobin concentration levels. Objective. To identify the relationship between anemia and psychomotor development in early childhood. Materials and Methods. To evaluate hemoglobin levels, the azidametahemoglobin method was used, with a hemoglobinmeter, and to evaluate psychomotor development the psychomotor development scale was used. Thirty-two children aged 6 to 24 months participated in the study. Results. 40.6% presented hemoglobin levels between 14.2 - 17.2 g/dl, 31.3% presented hemoglobin levels between 13.2 -14.1 g/dl followed by 25.0% presenting hemoglobin levels between 10.2 -13.1 g/dl and 3.1% presented hemoglobin levels <10. 2 g/dl; with respect to psychomotor development expressed in development coefficient, 59.4% of children show normal development followed by 31.3% of children with development at risk and 9.4% with delayed development. Conclusions. The development coefficient of the child showed that most of the children have a normal psychomotor development followed by at risk and retardation, although most of them have a normal development coefficient.
Níveis baixos de hemoglobina são definidos como uma baixa concentração de hemoglobina no sangue. A atividade metabólica do cérebro está ligada ao desenvolvimento psicomotor. O desenvolvimento psicomotor durante a infância se desenvolve a partir de reflexos inatos, que são organizados em padrões de comportamento e internalizados durante o segundo ano de vida como padrões de pensamento. No Peru, 50,99% das crianças com menos de 3 anos de idade têm baixas concentrações de hemoglobina. Objetivo. Identificar a relação entre a anemia e o desenvolvimento psicomotor na primeira infância. Materiais e métodos. Para avaliar os níveis de hemoglobina, foi usado o método da azidameta-hemoglobina, com um hemoglobinômetro portátil HemoCue® Hb 201+ e, para avaliar o desenvolvimento psicomotor, foi usada a escala de desenvolvimento psicomotor. Trinta e duas crianças com idade entre 6 e 24 meses participaram do estudo. Resultados. 40,6% tinham níveis de hemoglobina entre 14,2 - 17,2 g/dl, 31,3% tinham níveis de hemoglobina entre 13,2 -14,1 g/dl, seguidos por 25,0% com níveis de hemoglobina entre 10,2 -13,1 g/dl e 3,1% com níveis de hemoglobina <10. 2 g/dl; com relação ao desenvolvimento psicomotor expresso em coeficiente de desenvolvimento, é evidente que 59,4% das crianças apresentam um desenvolvimento normal, seguido por 31,3% de crianças que apresentam um desenvolvimento em risco e 9,4% em atraso. Conclusões. O coeficiente de desenvolvimento infantil mostrou que a maioria das crianças tem um desenvolvimento psicomotor normal, seguido por risco e atraso, embora a maioria delas tenha um coeficiente de desenvolvimento normal.
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Humanos , Lactente , Desempenho Psicomotor , AnemiaRESUMO
Introducción: La infección por Fasciola hepatica es una enfermedad zoonótica de distribución mundial, desatendida y subdiagnosticada. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de Fasciola hepatica en una población preescolar en Tartar Chico, distrito de Baños del Inca, en la región Cajamarca. Métodos: Estudio transversal en 48 niños de una institución educativa inicial. Los padres entregaron 3 muestras de heces para el estudio parasitológico seriado y completaron una encuesta epidemiológica. La identificación de F. hepatica y otros parásitos se realizó con las pruebas de sedimentación rápida de Lumbreras, examen directo y Kato-Katz. Para describir usamos frecuencias y porcentajes, para el análisis bivariado aplicamos Chi-cuadrado o prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: La frecuencia de Fasciola hepatica fue 4,17%. Además, estimamos una proporción de 8,33% para Ascaris lumbricoides, 4,17% de Diphyllobothrium pacificum y 2,08% de uncinarias; así como parásitos contaminantes Entamoeba coli, Blastocystis hominis. Conclusión: Encontramos una frecuencia de 4,17% de fascioliasis entre preescolares de una comunidad altoandina del Perú.
Introduction: Fasciola hepatica infection is a globally distributed, neglected and underdiagnosed zoonotic disease. Objectives: To determine the frequency of Fasciola hepatica infection among a preschool population in Tartar Chico, Baños del Inca, Cajamarca. Methods: Cross-sectional study in 48 children of an initial educational institution. Parents delivered 3 stool samples for the serial parasitological study and completed an epidemiological survey. The identification of F. hepatica and other parasites was carried out with the Lumbreras rapid sedimentation tests, direct examination, and Kato-Katz. For descriptive analysis, frequency and percentages were used, for the bivariate analysis, Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was used. Results: The frequency of F. hepatica was 4,17%. In addition, a proportion of 8,33% of Ascaris lumbricoides, 4,17% of Diphyllobothrium pacificum and 2,08% of hookworms; as well as contaminating parasites Entamoeba coli, Blastocystis hominis. Conclusions: A frequency of 4,17% of fascioliasis was found among preschoolers from a high Andean community in Peru.
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Fundamento: la promoción de salud debe comenzar en edades tempranas del desarrollo, para que los niños adquieran estilos de vida saludables, que les resulten beneficiosos en el futuro. Objetivo: implementar un programa educativo de salud bucal, dirigido a las familias de los niños/ñas de tres a cinco años matriculados en el Programa Educa a tu hijo, de los consultorios ocho y nueve del Consejo Popular Ramón Balboa, del municipio Lajas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de intervención, de septiembre del 2020 a julio del 2021, en la sede del Programa Educa a tu hijo, con 35 miembros de familia y 35 niños/as entre tres cinco años matriculados en dicho programa. Se analizaron las variables: conocimiento sobre higiene bucal, hábitos dietéticos y hábitos deformantes, medidas antes y después de la intervención educativa. Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino y edad de cuatro años. Los familiares tenían entre 20 y 34 años. Los principales factores de riesgo identificados fueron higiene bucal deficiente, cepillado dental incorrecto y dieta cariogénica. Antes de la intervención predominó el conocimiento regular sobre higiene bucal, un conocimiento malo sobre hábitos dietéticos y un mal nivel de conocimiento sobre hábitos deformantes. Después de la intervención se observó un mayor porcentaje de conocimiento bueno sobre higiene bucal, hábitos dietéticos y buen nivel de conocimiento sobre hábitos deformantes. Conclusiones después de aplicada la intervención educativa se evidenció una notable mejoría en los conocimientos sobre salud bucal.
Background: health promotion should begin at an early age of development, so that children acquire healthy lifestyles that will be beneficial in the future. Objective: to implement an educational oral health program, aimed at the families of children from three to five years old enrolled in the Educate your child Program, from clinics eight and nine of the Ramón Balboa neighborhood, in Lajas municipality. Methods: an intervention study was carried out, from September 2020 to July 2021, at the headquarters of the Educate your child program, with 35 family members and 35 children between three and five years old enrolled in this program. The analyzed variables were: knowledge about oral hygiene, dietary habits and deforming habits, measured before and after the educational intervention. Results: the female sex and age of four years prevailed. The relatives were between 20 and 34 years old. The main risk factors identified were poor oral hygiene, incorrect tooth brushing and cariogenic diet. Before the intervention, regular knowledge about oral hygiene, poor knowledge about dietary habits, and a poor level of knowledge about deforming habits prevailed. After the intervention, a higher percentage of good knowledge about oral hygiene, dietary habits and a good level of knowledge about deforming habits was observed. Conclusions: after applying the educational intervention, a notable improvement in knowledge about oral health was evidenced.
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Fundamento el cuidado de la salud bucal en infantes es indispensable, pues en esta edad se establecen hábitos de una adecuada nutrición e higiene, los cuales permiten un correcto desarrollo cultural y psicosocial. Objetivo: evaluar un programa odontológico orientado a la atención de la salud bucodental en infantes. Métodos: estudio cuasiexperimental, con intervención educativa, aplicado en 100 infantes, en Nogoyá, los cuales participaron junto con sus tutores en tres talleres educativos. Se realizó una evaluación al inicio y final de estos. Para comparar el antes y después de la población se usó la prueba de U de Mann Whitney, con un nivel de significación del 95 %. Resultados: respecto a la intervención inicial y final, se estableció que el programa mejoró significativamente los resultados respecto al índice O'leary de distribución de la placa (p<0,001), índice gingival (p<0,001), e higiene bucal (p<0,001). Posterior a la realización de talleres educativos, se redujo el consumo de alimentos cariogénicos. Conclusiones: el programa realizado permitió reducir los niveles de placa, gingivitis, mejoró la higiene y alimentación saludable en los infantes.
Background oral health care in infants is essential, since at this age habits of adequate nutrition and hygiene are established, which allow a correct cultural and psychosocial development. Objective: to evaluate a dental program aimed at oral health care in infants. Methods: quasi-experimental study, with educational intervention, applied to 100 infants, in Nogoyá, who participated together with their tutors in three educational workshops. An evaluation was carried out at the beginning and end of these. To compare the before and after population, the Mann Whitney U test was used, with a significance level of 95%. Results: when analyzing the initial and final evaluation, it was established that the program significantly improved the results regarding the O'leary index of plaque distribution (p<0.001), gingival index (p<0.001), and oral hygiene (p< 0.001). After conducting educational workshops, the consumption of cariogenic foods was reduced. Conclusions: the program carried out allowed reducing the levels of plaque, gingivitis, improving hygiene and healthy eating in infants.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the path taken by family caregivers of preschool children who survived leukemia and discuss the implications for primary healthcare nursing. Methods: the narrative interview guided by a talking map and body knowledge was used with family members of children who survived leukemia, living in Rio de Janeiro (capital) and São Paulo (countryside). Conversation analysis was applied to the data. Results: five family groups (seven people) of five children started their journey in the professional subsystem of private services; four were assisted in the private sector since the onset of the illness; one was assisted in public and private services. Living conditions reduced barriers to accessing supplementary health, facilitating coordination, and listening to a reference professional. Final Considerations: the itinerary was marked by attentive listening to family caregivers by reference professionals, favoring early diagnosis, initiation of treatment, and resolution of leukemia with the cure of children.
RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar el camino recorrido por los cuidadores familiares de preescolares que sobrevivieron a la leucemia y discutir las implicaciones para la enfermería en la atención primaria. Métodos: se utilizó una entrevista narrativa guiada por el mapa del habla y el cuerpo de conocimiento con familiares de niños que sobrevivieron a la leucemia, residentes en Río de Janeiro (capital) y São Paulo (interior). Se aplicó el análisis de conversación a los datos. Resultados: cinco familias (siete personas) de cinco hijos iniciaron su andadura en el subsistema profesional de servicios privados; cuatro fueron atendidos en el sector privado desde el inicio de la enfermedad; uno fue asistido en servicios públicos y privados. Las condiciones de vida redujeron las barreras para acceder a la salud complementaria, facilitando la coordinación y la escucha de un profesional de referencia. Consideraciones Finales: el itinerario estuvo marcado por la escucha atenta de los familiares cuidadores por parte del profesional de referencia, favoreciendo el diagnóstico precoz, inicio del tratamiento y resolución de la leucemia con la curación del niño.
RESUMO Objetivos: analisar o itinerário percorrido por familiares cuidadores de crianças pré-escolares sobreviventes da leucemia e discutir as implicações para enfermagem da atenção primária. Métodos: empregou-se a entrevista narrativa orientada pelo mapa falante e corpo saber com familiares de crianças sobreviventes de leucemia, residentes no Rio de Janeiro (capital) e São Paulo (interior). Aplicou-se a análise de conversação aos dados. Resultados: cinco núcleos familiares (sete pessoas) de cinco crianças iniciaram seu itinerário no subsistema profissional dos serviços privados; quatro foram assistidas no setor privado desde o início do adoecimento; uma foi assistida em serviços público e privado. As condições de vida reduziram barreiras de acesso à saúde suplementar, facilitando a coordenação e a escuta de um profissional de referência. Considerações Finais: o itinerário foi marcado por escuta atenta de familiares cuidadores pelo profissional de referência, favorecendo o diagnóstico precoce, início do tratamento e resolutividade da leucemia com a cura da criança.
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Abstract This study aimed to translate and to perform the cultural adaptation of the instrument Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised for Dental (IPQ-RD) into Brazilian Portuguese. The IPQ-RD consists of 34 items that assess the cognitive and emotional representation/perception of parents/caregivers of children with dental caries, with response options on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from "Strongly agree" (score 1) to "Strongly disagree" (score 5). The higher the score, the lower the perception of the disease. The protocol consists of translation into Brazilian Portuguese, back-translation into English, revision by an Expert Review Committee, and pre-test (application in parents/caregivers of children in dental care). For some questions, the translated versions were identical (T1 = T2); for others, one version was preferred (T1 or T2); for still others, it was decided to modify terms to obtain greater clarity on the item (T3). In the first pre-test, three questions were misunderstood by more than 15% of the sample, after which the items were reviewed by the Expert Review Committee. In the second pre-test, the adapted version was applied to a new sample of parents/caregivers (n = 15) and the questions were understood by more than 85% of the participants. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the IPQ-RD was well understood by the evaluated population.
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Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess whether mothers' sense of coherence (SOC) was a predictor of decline in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of preschoolers. A 3-year cohort study was conducted in Diamantina, Brazil. At baseline, 162 preschoolers aged one to three years were randomly selected from among children registered in local Primary Healthcare Units. In the first stage, mothers completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS), and the Brazilian short version of the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13). The total score obtained from the SOC-13 was used to select exposed and unexposed children. Clinical examinations were performed to detect the presence of dental caries, traumatic dental injury, and malocclusion. At follow-up, mothers completed the sociodemographic questionnaire and the B-ECOHIS again. The incidence of severe dental caries and adherence to the proposed treatment at baseline were evaluated. A decline in OHRQoL was considered if there was an increase in the B-ECOHIS score of at least one unit. The chi-square test and Poisson regression were performed. A total of 151 preschoolers participated in the study, among whom 37.7% showed a decline in OHRQoL. Mothers' SOC was not associated with a negative impact on OHRQoL (RR = 1.24; 95%CI = 0.81-1.88), while the incidence of severe dental caries had a greater impact on the decline in OHRQoL (RR = 2.02; 95%CI = 1.29-3.16). Mothers' low SOC was not a predictor of decline in the OHRQoL of preschoolers after a 3-year follow-up period.
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ABSTRACT Purposes: to characterize the family and school contexts of children enrolled in nursery schools, preschools, or kindergartens in 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and verify the effects of deprivation of school physical space on their development, in the perception of families regarding cognitive-linguistic, socioemotional, and motor aspects. Methods: the sample comprised 139 families of children aged 1 year to 5 years and 11 months, living in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, who answered an online questionnaire on the characterization of the family and school contexts and the impacts on cognitive-linguistic, socioemotional, and motor aspects. The study used the chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney statistical tests, with the significance set at p-values ≤ 5%. Results: older children were associated with being transferred to other schools (p = 0.0192) and greater socioemotional impairment (p = 0.0011). Smaller children felt fewer positive effects on the cognitive-linguistic aspect (p = 0.0137). The absence from the school environment and the overall effects of the pandemic negatively influenced them (p = 0.0404; p = 0.0134). Conclusion: the mean age of the parents/guardians was 36 years, with a Bachelor's degree, and working from home. The children enrolled in public or private schools had online activities. All children were exposed to screens, most of them for 4 or more hours per day. The socioemotional aspect was the most impaired one, followed by the cognitive-linguistic aspect. The negative effects outweighed the positive ones.
RESUMO Objetivos: caracterizar o contexto familiar e escolar de crianças matriculadas em pré-escolas durante a pandemia de COVID-19 em 2020 e verificar os efeitos da privação do ambiente físico escolar no desenvolvimento infantil, na percepção dos familiares, em relação aos aspectos cognitivo-linguísticos, socioemocionais e motores. Métodos: participaram 139 familiares de crianças com idade entre um e cinco anos e 11 meses, residentes no estado de São Paulo, que responderam um questionário online sobre a caracterização do contexto familiar e escolar e impacto nos aspectos cognitivo-linguístico, socioemocional e motor. Utilizaram-se os testes estatísticos Qui-quadrado, Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney, com valores significantes para p≤5%. Resultados: para as crianças maiores, houve associação entre aumento de mudança de escola (p=0,0192) e maior prejuízo no aspecto socioemocional (p=0,0011). No aspecto cognitivo-linguístico, as crianças menores sentiram menos efeitos positivos (p=0,0137). A ausência do ambiente escolar e os efeitos gerais da pandemia influenciaram negativamente (p=0,0404; p=0,0134). Conclusão: os familiares apresentavam em média 36 anos, nível superior de instrução e atividades laborais remotas. As crianças, matriculadas em escolas públicas ou privadas, recebiam atividades online. Todas as crianças foram expostas a telas e a maioria por quatro horas ou mais. O aspecto socioemocional foi mais prejudicado, seguido do cognitivo-linguístico. Os efeitos negativos superaram os positivos.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: to map evidence on educational technology use for accident prevention due to falls in childhood. Methods: a scoping review, carried out in October and November 2022, in the MEDLINE, Web of Science, BDENF and CINAHL databases and LILACS bibliographic index. There was no delimitation of language or time. Data were extracted and analyzed descriptively by two independent researchers. The research protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework. Results: twenty-six studies were selected. Booklets, pamphlets and leaflets were the most used technologies, presenting health services as the most frequent environment to develop research on fall prevention. The technologies developed were important outcomes: increased knowledge of children, family members, caregivers, health and education professionals. Conclusions: educational technology use makes it possible to increase knowledge, adopt safe practices and reduce falls.
RESUMEN Objetivos: mapear evidencias sobre el uso de tecnologías educativas para la prevención de accidentes por caídas en la infancia. Métodos: revisión de alcance, realizada en octubre y noviembre de 2022, en las bases de datos MEDLINE, Web of Science, BDENF y CINAHL e índice bibliográfico LILACS. No hubo delimitación de idioma ni de tiempo. Los datos fueron extraídos y analizados descriptivamente por dos investigadores independientes. El protocolo de investigación fue registrado en el Open Science Framework. Resultados: se seleccionaron 26 estudios. Los cuadernillos, folletos y volantes fueron las tecnologías más utilizadas, presentando los servicios de salud como el ámbito más frecuente para desarrollar investigaciones sobre la prevención de caídas. Las tecnologías desarrolladas fueron resultados importantes: mayor conocimiento de los niños, familiares, cuidadores, profesionales de la salud y la educación. Conclusiones: el uso de tecnologías educativas posibilita aumentar los conocimientos, adoptar prácticas seguras y reducir las caídas.
RESUMO Objetivos: mapear evidências sobre a utilização de tecnologias educacionais para a prevenção de acidentes por quedas na infância. Métodos: revisão de escopo, realizada nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2022, nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Web of Science, BDENF e CINAHL e índice bibliográfico LILACS. Não houve delimitação de idioma e de tempo. Os dados foram extraídos e analisados descritivamente por dois pesquisadores independentes. O protocolo de pesquisa foi registrado na Open Science Framework. Resultados: selecionaram-se 26 estudos. As cartilhas, panfletos e folhetos foram as tecnologias mais utilizadas, apresentando os serviços de saúde como o ambiente mais frequente para desenvolver pesquisa sobre prevenção de quedas. As tecnologias desenvolvidas constituíram desfechos importantes: aumento do conhecimento das crianças, dos familiares, cuidadores, profissionais de saúde e de educação. Conclusões: a utilização de tecnologias educacionais possibilita o aumento de conhecimento, adoção de práticas seguras e redução de quedas.
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ABSTRACT Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate preschoolers' eating behaviors and parents' attitudes. Methods This descriptive observational study employed a convenience sampling method to investigate the eating behavior of preschool children aged 3-6 years. Data was collected through a Personal and Parent Information Form and the Children's Eating Behavior Inventory. The study included 206 participants, and the findings provide insights into parental attitudes toward feeding and children's eating behaviors in 3-6 age group. Results The study sample included 206 parents of children between the ages of 3 and 6, with the majority of children having a normal weight. Parents' responses to the survey questions revealed significant correlations between children's weight percentiles and parental education level, maternal body mass index level, and income level. Positive eating behaviors in children were positively correlated with parental age and education level, income level, child age, and child percentile level, while negative eating behaviors were negatively correlated with parental age, educational status, income level, and positively correlated with maternal body mass index level. Gender differences were observed, with male children exhibiting lower mean scores in negative eating behaviors, maternal views and behaviors, child food preparation behavior, and negative meal situations compared to female children. Conclusion We found that parental education level and income level were correlated with children's positive eating behavior, while they were negatively associated with negative eating behavior. Negative eating behavior and food preparation behavior were lower in boys than in girls.
RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo observacional descritivo teve como objetivo investigar os comportamentos alimentares de crianças em idade pré-escolar e as atitudes dos pais. Métodos Foi utilizado um método de amostragem por conveniência para coletar dados sobre o comportamento alimentar de crianças com idades entre 3 e 6 anos. Foram aplicados um Formulário de Informações Pessoais e de Pais e o Inventário de Comportamento Alimentar Infantil, e a análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o programa IBM®SPSS® 16.0. O estudo contou com a participação de 206 pais fornecendo informações sobre as atitudes dos pais em relação à alimentação e os comportamentos alimentares das crianças na faixa etária de 3 a 6 anos. Resultados A amostra do estudo incluiu 206 pais de crianças com idades entre 3 e 6 anos, sendo a maioria das crianças com peso normal. As respostas dos pais às perguntas da pesquisa revelaram correlações significativas entre os percentis de peso das crianças e o nível educacional dos pais, índice de massa corporal materno e nível de renda. Comportamentos alimentares positivos nas crianças foram positivamente correlacionados com a idade e nível educacional dos pais, nível de renda, idade da criança e percentil de peso da criança, enquanto comportamentos alimentares negativos foram negativamente correlacionados com a idade dos pais, nível educacional, nível de renda e positivamente correlacionados com o índice de massa corporal materno. Foram observadas diferenças de gênero, com as crianças do sexo masculino apresentando pontuações médias mais baixas em comportamentos alimentares negativos, visões e comportamentos maternos, comportamento de preparação de alimentos infantis e situações negativas durante as refeições em comparação com as crianças do sexo feminino Conclusão Demonstra-se que o nível educacional e o nível de renda dos pais estão relacionados ao comportamento alimentar positivo das crianças, enquanto estão inversamente associados ao comportamento alimentar negativo. Comportamentos alimentares negativos e comportamentos de preparação de alimentos foram menores em meninos em comparação com meninas.
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Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Pais/psicologia , Atitude , Pré-Escolar , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Classe Social , Peso Corporal , Escolaridade , Fatores Sociodemográficos , ObesidadeRESUMO
Objective:To explore and analyze the influencing factors of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in obese preschool children.Methods:From May 2020 to May 2022, 50 obese preschool children with HP infection and 50 obese preschool children without HP infection were prospectively selected from Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital. We collected and collected basic data on two groups of children, including gender, age, eating habits, and family related information. Single factor analysis was used to screen for possible influencing factors of HP infection in obese preschool children, and logistic regression analysis was performed on the selected influencing factors.Results:Single factor analysis of variance showed that there were statistically significant differences in the prevalence of HP infection among obese preschool children of different ages, body mass index (BMI), sharing tableware, per capita monthly income of families, using public chopsticks, washing hands before meals, partial eating, habit of biting fingers, family population, binge eating, family history of HP infection, etc. (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that BMI ( OR=1.576, 95% CI: 1.119-2.221), shared tableware ( OR=1.317, 95% CI: 1.018-1.702), per capita monthly income of households ( OR=1.330, 95% CI: 1.021-1.733), no use of public chopsticks ( OR=1.408, 95% CI: 1.019-1.945), washing hands before meals ( OR=1.206, 95% CI: 1.041-1.397), habit of biting fingers ( OR=1.470, 95% CI: 1.064-2.031), binge eating ( OR=1.443, 95% CI: 1.004-2.074) and family history of HP infection ( OR=1.317, 95% CI: 1.051-1.649) were the influencing factors of HP infection in obese preschool children (all P<0.05). Conclusions:BMI, shared tableware, per capita monthly income of families, failure to use public chopsticks, washing hands before meals, habit of biting fingers, binge eating, family history of HP infection, etc. are the influencing factors of HP infection in obese preschool children. If there are children with abnormal related factors, attention should be paid to them. If there are related infection symptoms, targeted interventions can be taken in time to prevent and control children′s HP infection.
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Objective@#To examine the impact of physical intelligence teaching on the function of children s sensory integration, so as to provide reference for promoting the development of sensory integration system.@*Methods@#From February to May 2023, the intervention was implemented for 12 weeks among 136 children aged 4-5 (68 in the intervention group and 68 in the control group). The intervention group received situational and game based physical intelligence teaching, the control group received sports game teaching according to the original curriculum objectives of the kindergarten. Intervention was administered 3 times a week for 40 minutes each time. The sensory integration ability of the intervention group and the control group were evaluated before and after the intervention with Chi square test and t test.@*Results@#The vestibular sensation, proprioception and tactile sensation of between boys and girls in the intervention group were significantly improved compared with before intervention (boys：44.14±11.52 vs. 53.34± 9.49 ，44.57±12.76 vs. 50.54±11.86，49.31±12.18 vs. 55.00±10.24,girls：46.00±11.01 vs. 54.58±10.06，48.79±13.17 vs. 53.64±11.97，52.67±11.67 vs. 56.91±10.42, t =-3.24，-2.49，-2.09，-5.24，-12.94，-2.56， P <0.05). There was no significant difference in vestibular sensation between boys and girls in the control group (boys：45.91±11.66 vs. 46.31± 11.20，girls：48.27±13.56 vs. 48.45 ±13.54, t =-0.87，-0.07， P >0.05), but there was a significant improvement in proprioception and tactile sensation in both boys and girls (boys：46.63±11.76 vs. 48.06±11.69，51.63±11.98 vs. 52.40±12.18，girls：50.45±12.16 vs. 51.67± 12.03 ，53.36±12.48 vs. 54.39±12.57， t =-3.36，-2.08，-4.66，-2.86， P <0.05). After the intervention, compared with the control group, the vestibular sensation of both boys and girls significantly improved ( t=2.83, 2.08, P <0.05), with exception of proprioception and tactile sensation ( t =0.88,0.67,0.97,0.88, P >0.05). In the experimental group, the number of normal boys increased from 12 to 24, while the number of dysfunctional boys decreased from 23 to 11, with a statistically significant difference ( χ 2=11.53, P <0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in sensory integration in boys of the control group before and after the experiment ( χ 2= 1.10 , P >0.05). After intervention,the number of normal girls in the experimental group increased from 15 to 27, while the number of dysfunctional girls decreased from 18 to 6, with a statistically significant difference ( χ 2=10.39, P < 0.05 ). There was no statistically significant difference in sensory integration in girls from the control group before and after the experiment ( χ 2=2.08, P > 0.05 ).@*Conclusion@#Physical intelligence teaching can effectively improve children s sensory integration ability, especially for vestibular function.
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Objective@#To establish the norm of the Physical Activity afterschool Questionnaire for Preschooler(P-PAQ) in urban areas of China, so as to provide a basis for graded guidance from the family perspective and to improve children s physical activity levels.@*Methods@#From October 2020 to January 2021, 6 267 children aged 3-6 years old were recruited from 40 kindergartens in eight cities across six major administrative regions by stratified cluster sampling, and the P-PAQ initially developed by the researchers of this study were completed by the primary caregivers. The questionnaire was administered to collect data relating to the amount of physical activity undertaken by the preschoolers, and the norm was determined by quartiles. Data relating to parental concepts of sports and parental behavior were assessed by calculating mean scores in order to establish the norm.@*Results@#Among preschoolers in urban areas, the M(P 25 ，P 75 ) of total physical activity time (min/day), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time (min/day), outdoor time (min/day) and screen time (min/day) on school days outside kindergarten and on weekends were 84 (54,120), 22 (8,40), 12 (0,24) and 18 (6,30), and 170 (115,240), 60 (30,95), 90 (35,120) and 30 (20,60), respectively. When the score of parents sports concept and behavior (total score of 40) were≥34, 29-<34, 24-<29, <24, it was defined as four levels about above medium, medium, lower medium and lower, respectively. And for two dimensions，when the score of parental sports concept were ≥19, 17-<19, 15-<17, <15，and the score of parental behaviors were ≥16, 12-<16, 8-<12, <8, it was defined as four levels about upper medium, medium, lower medium and lower, respectively.@*Conclusion@#The norm of extracurricular activities among preschool children in Chinese cities has good representativeness and appropriate threshold values, which could provide a valuable reference for early assessment, as well as guidance in relation to out-of-school physical activity behaviors among children aged 3-6 years old.