RESUMO
La percepción de padres ante los programas de vacunación de los niños para la prevención de enfermedades, así como las campañas de información y conocimiento sobre las vacunas, motiva el interés científico por conocer y evaluar los factores relacionados al grado de conocimiento, aptitudes y fuentes de información de la población sobre las vacunas, siendo la inmunización un método que permite adquirir inmunidad contra las enfermedades comunes y mortales y reduce gastos por tratamientos para la mejoría de la salud. Objetivo: Describir la percepción de los padres sobre la vacunación infantil. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa, a través del estudio de revisión de contenido relacionado con el descriptor vacunación, donde se recopila la información de interés según su aparición en la búsqueda. El estudio está basado en el paradigma positivista con observación y registro de información relevante con el tema. Resultados: La falta de información sobre los riesgos y beneficios de la vacunación es un factor que induce a la desconfianza e inseguridad respecto a las vacunas; gran parte de los padres considera útil la vacuna, necesaria y beneficiosa pero prevalece la idea que la inmunización puede ser algo peligroso y con efectos indeseables y secuelas graves por información mediática no bién conducida. Conclusiones: Diversos estudios señalan factores que impiden que los padres de los niños cumplan con los esquemas de vacunación, entre estos la falta de información y conocimiento sobre las vacunas, que evitan las enfermedades en los menores reforzando el sistema inmunológico, así como, otra de las razones es la falta de vacunas en los centros asistenciales, que genera desinterés y dificulta el cumplimiento de los programas de vacunación, además, servicios lentos y poca empatía del personal que presta atención en los centros de salud aumentan la percepción negativa sobre la vacunación(AU)
The perception of parents regarding the vaccination programs for children for the prevention of diseases, as well as the information and knowledge campaigns about vaccines, motivates the scientific interest in knowing and evaluating the factors related to the degree of knowledge, aptitudes and sources of information for the population about vaccines, immunization being a method that allows acquiring immunity against common and deadly diseases and reduces expenses for treatments to improve health. Objective: To describe the perception of parents about childhood vaccination. Materials and Methods Qualitative research, through a content review study related to the vaccination descriptor, where the information of interest is compiled according to its appearance in the search. The study is based on the positivist paradigm with observation and recording of information relevant to the subject. Results: The lack of information about the risks and benefits of vaccination is a factor that induces mistrust and insecurity regarding vaccines; A large part of the parents considers the vaccine useful, necessary and beneficial, but the idea prevails that immunization can be something dangerous and with undesirable effects and serious sequelae due to misguided media information. Conclusnios: Various studies point to factors that prevent parents of children from complying with vaccination schedules, including lack of information and knowledge about vaccines, which prevent diseases in minors by strengthening the immune system, as well as another of The reasons are the lack of vaccines in health centers, which generates disinterest and makes it difficult to comply with vaccination programs, in addition, slow services and little empathy of the personnel who provide care in health centers increase the negative perception about vaccination(AU)
Assuntos
Pais , Percepção , Esquemas de Imunização , Vacinação , Centros de Saúde , Doença , Prevenção de DoençasRESUMO
Vaccination is an effective public health intervention; however, coverage of vaccination is declining in states like Tamil Nadu which have good health indicators. Objective: To evaluate the presence of vaccine hesitancy among parents of children between 1 and 5 years of age attending the paediatric out patient department of a tertiary care hospital in Chennai and to assess its relationship with attitudes towards vaccines. Material & Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 100 consecutively sampled parents of children between 1 and 5 years of age attending a tertiary care paediatric out-patient department. The Parental Attitude towards Childhood Vaccines scale of vaccine hesitancy and the Beliefs and Attitudes towards Childhood Vaccines scale were used to measure vaccine hesitancy and beliefs and attitudes towards vaccination respectively. The data were analysed descriptively and statistical correlation between vaccination attitudes and vaccination hesitancy were studied. Results: In the predominantly urban, educated, working class population, the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 21%. But all the children had received complete vaccination appropriate for age. The major drivers for vaccine hesitancy were suspicions about newer vaccines, concerns about adverse effects of vaccines and the perception that there is no need for vaccines against uncommon diseases. The vaccine hesitancy scores were negatively correlated with the vaccine attitude scores (R = -0.266; p = 0.007). Conclusion: Vaccine hesitancy is present among the sampled mothers and is influenced mainly by concerns regarding safety of newer vaccines. Vaccine hesitancy needs to be clearly addressed for strengthening the Universal Immunization Program.
RESUMO
Background: Rotavirus gastroenteritis is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in children under the age of five years worldwide. However, very little information is available on Rotavirus status in Tanzania. Aims: The project aimed at investigating Rotavirus infection in Tanzanian children to reflect prevalence post introduction of the Rotarix® virus, which occurred in late 2012. Methods: The study considered prevalence in an urban and peri-urban context in Arusha, Tanzania for children under five. The study involved molecular detection of rotavirus in stool samples using PCR targeting Group A Rotavirus as well as a questionnaire to determine possible contributing factors, such as vaccination status, age, and exclusive breastfeeding to infection. Results: Out of a total of 100 stool samples collected, 37% were positive for Rotavirus. The Fisher’s Exact Test was used to relate conventional PCR test results and various factors associated with Rotavirus positive samples. Household practices of boiling water, as well as parents’/guardians’ knowledge on the Rotavirus vaccine and child vaccination status were significantly (p<0.05) associated with Rotavirus infection. Conclusion: The findings of this study should inform further studies to address the molecular epidemiology of the disease and associated risk factors. In this study we undertook surveillance for molecular detection and characterization of Rotavirus while considering the impact of prevention and control measures, such as vaccinations and uptake of safe practices (i.e., boiling water) on prevalence.