Comparison Between Oral Rehydration and Intravenous Fluid Therapy Among Children under 5 Years with Acute Diarrhea with some Dehydration in the Emergency Department of the Children’s Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR / Lao Medical Journal

Background@#Worldwide, diarrhea is a common disease in children and is a problem that causes many children to become sick and die. Diarrhea is found to be the leading cause of death of children under 5 years of age, with 700,000 cases per year worldwide. The incidence of diarrhea is increasing in Laos.@*Objective@#To study oral rehydration and intravenous fluid therapy in children under 5 years of age with acute diarrhea with some dehydration in the Emergency Department of the Children’s Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR.@*Methodology@#This was cross-sectional descriptive study; data were collected by using questionnaire interview by doctors. The data entered by Epi-data with analysis by SPSS.@*Results@#Among 90 participants it was found that anxiety or irritability, sunken eyes, nausea, vomiting and flatulence were statistically significantly associated with outcome of treatment (p-value <0.05). More than half of the patients are male (52.2%), aged between 1-2 years and most (83.3%) had normal BMI values. In addition, 44.4% had a history of diarrhea for 2 days with 4 to 5 times a day in 34.4% and stools were watery in 57.8%. A number of participants (47.8%) had a history of previous diarrhea before the current illness and most of them had had it 3 times a year (41.9%). When comparing between oral rehydration and intravenous fluid therapy it was found that the children had no symptoms of anxiety or irritable (in 97.8% vs 77.8%), children with sunken eyes (in 91.1% vs 71.1%), children with vomiting (in 100% vs 64.4%) and children with flatulence (in 97.8% vs 80.0%). Excessive thirst and decreased skin turgor were not statistically different between before and after rehydration therapy (p-value >0.05).@*Conclusion@#The outcome of treatment with intravenous fluids was better than oral rehydration since former decreased vomiting, shortened hospital stays, lowered the costs and increase more parents ‘satisfaction. The oral dehydration therapy often increased the symptoms of flatulence.

The Influence Of Children’s Playroom Interior Aspect In Regard To Parental Safety Perception. Case Study: Children’s Playroom At 23 Paskal Bandung, Indonesia

@#Children’s playrooms in public spaces need to consider the safety of their interior elements. Previous studies also discussed about things that need to be taken into account to assure the children’s safety while playing. However, some parents join their children playing in public spaces due to the cautiousness of playground safety level. This study was conducted to understand how far the interior aspects of children’s playgrounds can affect parents’ safety perception to let their children play by themselves in public spaces, for example, the children’s playroom in 23 Paskal Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The result shows that sufficient light, interior finishes, and noise or sound intensity in the children’s playground at 23 Paskal Bandung, Indonesia can make parents feel safe to let their children spend time there.

Parents’ Awareness And Perception Of Children’s Refractive Error. A Qualitative Study

@#Uncorrected refractive error is the leading cause of moderate and severe visual impairment across the globe. An important driver for early detection and management of refractive errors among children is appropriate parental awareness. This study aims to understand the awareness and perception among parents of children with refractive errors utilizing the conceptual framework of Health Belief Model. This qualitative study focused to conduct semi-structured interviews of parents who sought eye care for their children. Thirty-five parents who visited an eye care center for refractive error correction of their children between 5 to 15 years of age were purposively selected. The four constructs of the Health Belief Model (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits and perceived barriers) were applied to prepare the interview guide. The voice records of participants were transcribed verbatim, coded and qualitatively analyzed to generate relevant themes. All participants were well aware of refractive errors and the implications of them on the visual and social development of children if they leave the errors untreated. However,there were varying perception about refractive error leading to serious consequences. The enanced quality of life with proper refractive correction prompted parents to seek timely eyecare for their children.

Indonesian Children’s Quality Of Life: A Case Study Of Residents Relocation To Flats In Jakarta Province

@#Resident relocation to flats policy becomes a strategy of the Jakarta Provincial Government to overcome illegal settlements and slum areas. The relocation is also aimed to improve the quality of life, particularly of the children. This research analyses the determinant factors of the quality of life of children who are moved to the flats due to the relocation. This research uses the Kid-KINDLR questionnaire to collect data of children in the range of age 7-13 years and the Z-score method to process the data and to build an analysis. The Z-score > 0 indicates a good quality of life, while Z-score < 0 is otherwise. The result shows that 48% of the children have a good quality of life and 52% of the children have a poor quality of life (mean = 91.45 and SD = 9.559). There is a positive correlation between the quality of life of children and the pattern of nutrients intake of children (r = 0.053, p = 0.518), the education of the head of the family (r = 0.058, p = 0.478), and the household income (r = 0.070, p = 0.401). Whereas, the negative correlation between the quality of life of children and the number of family members (r = -0.088, p = 0.284). This research argues that to increase the quality of life of children, the facilities in the flats must be built properly for the growth of the children. In addition, family involvement must be improved to provide a high quality of nutrients intake for the children.

Trend of disease spectrum of hospitalized children in Anhui provincial children’s hospital from 2013 to 2017 / 中华疾病控制杂志

@# Objective To investigate the composition of the disease spectrum of hospitalized children in Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, so as to provide scientific basis of the strategy to refine pediatric medical resources and health care. Methods Totally 268809 patients from 2013 to 2017 was analyzed and compared with the 2003-2007 data. Results Compared to 2003-2007, the number of hospitalized children and involved diseases increased significantly in 2013-2017. The proportion of common diseases such as respiratory system (28.73% vs 26.49%), digestive system (12.68% vs 10.78%), and nervous system (6.22% vs 3.72%)) significantly decreased; while the proportion of injury and poisoning (2.13% vs 7.4%), infectious diseases, parasites (7.15% vs 10.69%), tumors (2.65% vs 4.12%), and blood immunity (1.42% vs 3.19%) increased. Respiratory diseases remain the first ranking disease in hospitalized children (26.49%), with pneumonia as the first ranking single disease among it. The top 5 hospitalized children in 2013-2017 were pneumonia, bronchitis, hernia, respiratory infections, and neonatal pneumonia. Conclusions The absolute number and capacity of services have been greatly improved in the hospital. While constantly improving the level of diagnosis and treatment of common diseases, we should pay more attention to the injury poisoning, mental and behavioral diseases and infectious diseases in children.

Effects of visual impairment on quality of life in children aged 3-7 years

Objective@#The primary goal of this study was to determine the effect of visual impairment (VI) on the quality of life (QoL) in children aged 3-7 years.@*Methodology@#This was a cross-sectional study involving 138 parents or caregivers of children aged 3-7 years from Pediatric Ophthalmology and General Ophthalmology Clinics of a tertiary government hospital. The Filipino version of the Children’s Visual Function Questionnaire (CVFQ3plus), an instrument that measures the impact of visual impairment on the QoL of children aged 3-7 years and their families, was used. It has 6 subscales: general health, general vision, competence, personality, family impact, and treatment. T-test was used to compare the total index QoL score and subscale scores between children with VI (n=69) and the control group (n=69). The multivariate regression model based on the total index QoL score in children with VI was used to assess the effect of other demographic factors.@*Results@#Children with VI had significantly lower total index QoL score (p=0.02), general vision (p=0.04), competence (p=0.00), and personality (p=0.02) subscale scores than the control group. The visual acuity of children with VI had a significant effect on the total index QoL score (p=0.04). Demographic factors like patient’s age and sex, and parental age, sex and educational attainment had no effect on total index QoL score.@*Conclusion@#Visual impairment has a negative effect on the quality of life of Filipino children aged 3-7 years as shown by the use of the CVFQ3plus.

Evaluación de un programa social en infancia desde los principios de la Psicología Comunitaria / Evaluation of a social program in childhood, from the principles of Community Psychology / Avaliação de um programa social na infância por meio dos princípios da Psicologia Comunitária

Presentamos un estudio de caso cuyo propósito es analizar, en el marco de la Psicología Comunitaria, el diseño e implementación de un programa público chileno, llamado Programa de Prevención Comunitaria, que depende del Servicio Nacional de Menores. Metodológicamente, la investigación la orientamos cualitativamente, recurriendo a fuentes primarias (entrevistas y grupos focales) y secundarias (documentos técnicos), en el marco de la Teoría Fundada Empíricamente, para reconstruir el modelo de intervención del Programa de Prevención Comunitaria como un continuo histórico. Concluimos que el estudio de caso ha permitido profundizar en las dimensiones técnicas, éticas y políticas que participan en la producción e implementación de un programa público, que logra inscribir una lógica de derechos, proponiendo un conjunto de intervenciones innovadoras que superan las perspectivas tutelares de la infancia en riesgo.

This article presents a case study that has the purpose of analyzing, in the framework of the context of community psychology, the design and implementation of a Chilean public program called the Community Prevention Program, a subsidiary agency of the National Service for Minors. Methodologically, the study adopts a qualitative approach using primary sources (interviews and focus groups) and secondary sources (technical documents), within the framework of an empirically established theory to reconstruct the intervention model of the Community Prevention Program as a historical continuum. The authors conclude that the case study has made it possible to examine the technical, ethical and political dimensions involved in the production and implementation of a public program. This analysis resulted in the identification of a logic of rights within the program that involves a set of innovative interventions that go beyond the basic perspectives of children at risk.

Apresenta-se um estudo de caso cujo objetivo é analisar, no contexto da Psicologia Comunitária, a concepção e a implementação de um programa público no Chile chamado Programa de Prevenção Comunitária, o qual é dependente do Serviço Nacional de Menores. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa foi orientada qualitativamente, recorrendo ao uso de fontes primárias (entrevistas e grupos focais) e secundárias (documentos técnicos), no âmbito da Teoria Empiricamente Fundada, para reconstruir o modelo de intervenção o Programa de Prevenção Comunitária como uma linha histórica. Conclui-se que o estudo de caso permitiu aprofundar nas dimensões técnicas, éticas e políticas que participam na produção e implementação de um programa público, o qual consegue inscrever uma lógica de direitos, propondo um conjunto de intervenções inovadoras que superem perspectivas tutelares das crianças em situação de risco.

Dar casa a las voces infantiles, reflexiones desde la historia / Providing a home to children’ s voices, reflections from history / Dando casa para as vozes das crianças, reflexões a partir da história

En este artículo reflexiono sobre algunas paradojas que surgen al rescatar las voces de las niñas y los niños en las investigaciones académicas. Analizo qué se hace desde la academia con las voces infantiles una vez que las investigaciones o proyectos llegan a su fin. Aquí planteo que es necesario pensar en la voz infantil como un documento que puede enmarcarse en diversos géneros discursivos. En tanto se sostiene que las niñas y los niños son autores de discursos y de documentos, en este texto propongo que las voces infantiles sean preservadas y compartidas, con la finalidad de que puedan ser reutilizadas y reinterpretadas. Para ello sugiero la construcción de archivos con documentos infantiles.

This article discusses some paradoxes that arise when the voices of children are used in academic research. The author analyzes what academia does with children’ s voices when projects and research end. An argument is proposed that it is necessary to think about children’ s voices as documents that can be framed in different discourse genres. If it is assumed that children are authors of speeches and documents, then this text suggests that children’ s voices must be preserved and shared so that they can be reused and reinterpreted. For this reason the author concludes by suggesting the construction of archives for documents that include children’ s voices.

Este artigo discute alguns paradoxos que surgem quando as vozes das crianças são usadas na pesquisa acadêmica. Analisou-se o que é feito a partir da academia com as vozes das crianças, uma vez que as pesquisas ou projetos devem chegar a um fim. Nesse sentido, considerou-se que é necessário pensar sobre a voz da criança como um documento que pode ser enquadrado em diferentes gêneros discursivos. Partindo do princípio de que as crianças são autoras de discursos e documentos, o presente trabalho propõe que as vozes das crianças sejam preservadas e compartilhadas, a fim de que eles possam ser reutilizadas e reinterpretadas. Para isso, foi sugerida a construção de arquivos com documentos infantis.

El devenir de la Representación Política de los Niños y las Niñas / The evolution of the child’s political representation

El artículo realiza un seguimiento histórico de las formas como se ha considerado al niño desde el mundo clásico griego a la condición de ciudadano pleno, capaz de interpelar el mundo adulto. Este recorrido pasa por las concepciones medievales a la modernidad que no reconocen al niño como sujeto de derechos, y lo confinan al espacio privado sin más opción que ser propiedad del padre. Los argumentos esgrimidos lo signaron como incapaz y merecedor de una intervención paternalista de la familia y del Estado. El camino concluye con los planteamientos contemporáneos de la necesidad de asumir al niño como un ciudadano pleno.

The article makes a historical follow-up of the ways how the child has been regarded from the classical Greek world to the condition of a full citizen capable of questioning the adult world. This tour goes through the medieval conceptions and modernity that do not recognize the child as a subject entitled to rights and confine them to the private space with the sole choice of being their parents’ property. The arguments wielded marked them as incapable, deserving the paternalistic intervention of the family and the State. The route ends with the contemporary approaches about the need to assume the child as a full citizen.